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ers of commerce arab customs union international confederation of arab trade unions icatu federation of arab trade unions and labor societies fatuls qualifying industrial zone qiz transportation aviation railways berlin baghdad hejaz oncf palestine bridges dubai smile qatar bahrain causeway king fahd causeway sheikh rashid bin saeed crossing saudi egypt causeway bridge of the horns culture media arab sat nile sat arab media group arabian television network arab international media services al arabiya al jazeera arab capital of culture algiers 2007 jerusalem 2008 damascus 2009 doha 2010 arabic language cuisine art literature mu allaqat dress sport pan arab games arab champions league cup winners cup arabian gulf cup arab cup demographics religion muslims majority christians jews yazidis shabaks mandaeans hinduism ethnicities arabs arabization berbers kurds nubians somalis other arab diaspora lifestyles bedouin marsh arabs language arabic majority afar armenian berber hebrew kurdish nubian persian somali v t e population density of the arab countries the arab world consists of the 19 countries in the middle east and north africa region 1 all of them are members of the arab league in addition to the 3 non arab countries of comoros djibouti and somalia as of 2026 the combined population of all the arab league states was around 450 million people which includes non arab ethnicities in arab majority countries as well 2 the most populous arab state is egypt with a population of 109 million residents comoros is the least populated with around 821 625 inhabitants the largest city in the arab world is cairo egypt 3 population growth edit the population of the arab world as estimated in 2023 was about 473 million inhabitants 4 but exact figures of the annual population growth fertility rate or mortality rate are unknown over 59 percent of the arab population is concentrated in urban areas 5 and the number is expected to reach 68 percent by 2050 6 the overwhelming majority of the arab citizens are muslims 7 with christians being the largest minority group 8 the arab countries host several holy cities and other religiously significant locations including alexandria mecca medina kirkuk arbil and baghdad sunni muslims constitute vast majority of the arab world s residents however shia muslims make up the slight majority in areas of iraq 9 and almost half the population in bahrain 10 11 christianity is the second largest religion with over 20 million christians in total living in countries such as lebanon egypt iraq bahrain syria kuwait and jordan there are smaller jewish populations living mainly in the western part of the arab world places such as algeria bahrain egypt morocco iraq tunisia syria and yemen all have jewish populations however most arab jews emigrated from the arab states to israel after its founding in 1948 12 other minor religions such as druze religion the baháʼí faith mandeanism yazdanism zoroastrianism shabak religion and yarsan are practiced on a much smaller scale 13 14 the holiest place in islam the kaaba is located in saudi arabia arab countries by religion percentage of population as of 2010 15 country muslims christians others arab league 93 5 2 algeria 98 67 2 1 bahrain 74 1 13 67 12 2 comoros 98 67 1 1 djibouti 96 67 2 23 1 1 egypt 95 67 4 33 1 iraq 98 67 2 1 jordan 91 67 2 2 1 kuwait 81 67 11 1 10 2 lebanon 67 8 27 9 4 3 libya 98 67 1 1 mauritania 98 2 1 1 morocco 98 67 1 1 oman 81 67 18 13 1 2 qatar 75 69 12 64 11 67 palestine 96 67 2 33 1 1 saudi arabia 93 67 5 3 2 1 somalia 98 67 1 1 sudan 98 67 13 3 1 syria 94 2 3 8 2 tunisia 98 3 1 7 1 united arab emirates 72 9 14 3 12 8 yemen 98 67 1 1 arab league 93 5 2 languages edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed december 2019 learn how and when to remove this message in general modern standard arabic msa is the official language in the arab world but additional languages are often used in the daily lives of some citizens arabs however don t natively speak msa but their native varieties of arabic which are grouped based on shared features into peninsular mesopotamian levantine egyptian and maghrebi currently three major non arabic languages are widely used kurdish in northern iraq and parts of syria berber in north africa and somali in the horn of africa there are several minority languages that are still spoken today such as afar armenian hebrew nubian persian aramaic and turkish twenty percent of the arab population natively speak a non arabic language most commonly somali berber and kurdish languages populations edit many arab countries in the persian gulf have sizable non arab populations iraq bahrain kuwait qatar united arab emirates and oman have a persian speaking minority the same countries also have urdu speakers and filipinos as sizable minority balochi speakers are a good size minority in oman additionally countries like bahrain uae oman and kuwait have significant non arab and non muslim minorities 11 21 like hindus and christians from indian sub continent bangladesh nepal pakistan and the philippines citation needed many non arab countries bordering the arab states have large arab people such as in burkino faso chad eritrea mali malta senegal and turkey 16 the table below shows the distribution of populations in the arab world and palestine as well as the official language s within the various arab states arab state population arabs official language s notes algeria 44 903 225 17 65 85 18 arabic co official language with amazigh 19 citation needed bahrain 1 733 100 20 96 97 21 arabic official language 22 citation needed comoros 1 780 971 23 25 93 24 arabic co official language with comorian and french djibouti 11 955 179 25 22 68 26 arabic co official language with french citation needed egypt 121 069 001 27 91 93 28 29 arabic official language co official with egyptian 30 29 1942 egypt israel turkey and united kingdom promoted the idea of the arab league states citation needed iraq 46 081 677 31 75 85 32 arabic official language with kurdish citation needed jordan 10 255 045 20 96 97 33 arabic official language kuwait 4 268 873 34 96 97 35 arabic official language citation needed lebanon 6 810 123 20 75 85 36 arabic official language citation needed libya 6 244 174 37 65 97 38 arabic official language citation needed mauritania 3 516 806 39 55 57 68 40 arabic official language a morocco 37 457 971 41 65 89 42 arabic co official language with amazigh citation needed oman 5 174 814 20 95 89 arabic official language citation needed palestine 5 163 462 20 65 85 43 44 arabic co official with hebrew wb 2 731 052 83 pls arabs 43 gs 1 816 379 98 pls arabs 44 qatar 2 906 257 20 65 85 45 arabic official language citation needed saudi arabia 36 408 820 46 94 96 47 arabic official language 1945 leaders of seven states in the middle east signed the alexandria protocol thus establishing the first organization with a pan arabism ideology in the 20th century citation needed somaliland 12 356 112 48 23 25 49 50 arabic is co official with somali 3 1 2 millions arabs in hoa est 2000s 51 citation needed sudan 46 874 204 52 65 85 53 54 arabic co official language with english 55 syria 17 723 461 20 69 85 53 arabic official language 56 citation needed tunisia 12 356 117 57 65 58 arabic official language 59 citation needed united arab emirates 10 102 678 60 55 68 61 arabic official language 62 citation needed yemen 32 168 998 20 65 89 63 arabic official language 64 65 citation needed 66 67 68 69 armenians edit armenian refugees after the hamidian massacres a lot of them settled in syria lebanon palestine and egypt the arab world has between 400 000 and 500 000 armenians inhabiting its geographical area armenians are largely concentrated in countries such as lebanon 150 000 to 250 000 and syria 100 000 to 150 000 as well as palestine and to a lesser degree egypt and iraq but armenians can also be found in countries like qatar and the uae these armenians are economic migrants from lebanon and syria prior to world war i there were some 2 000 3 000 armenians in palestine mostly in jerusalem from 1915 and onward thousands of armenian genocide survivors from cilicia adana vilayet found refuge and settled in palestine increasing its armenian population 70 71 in 1925 around 15 000 armenians are believed to have lived in all of palestine with the majority in jerusalem 70 during mandatory palestine period the number of armenians is estimated to have reached up to 20 000 70 72 however the 1931 british census showed only 3 524 armenians in all of palestine 70 a large number of armenian monks are recorded to have settled in jerusalem as early as the 4th century 73 74 after the uncovering of christian holy places in the city 70 however the first written records are from the 5th century 75 jerusalem is thus considered the oldest living diaspora community outside the armenian homeland 76 nowadays there are estimated 7500 living in the region of historical palestine 77 most armenians are christians mainly following the orthodox armenian apostolic church the church has one of its two headquarters in antelias lebanon called the catholicosate of the great house of cilicia the other being in armenia called mother see of holy etchmiadzin there are also armenian catholics the world headquarters of the armenian catholic church is also located in beirut lebanon and historically in bzoummar lebanon there are also a minority armenian evangelical protestants the middle east headquarters of the armenian evangelical church is in beirut called union of the armenian evangelical churches in the near east citation needed assyrians edit assyrians also known as chaldo assyrians can be found in iraq north eastern syria and to a lesser degree north western iran and south eastern turkey they are an ancient semitic people who retain aramaic as a spoken language they are exclusively christian and are descendants of the ancient pre arab assyrians mesopotamians almost all christians in iraq are ethnic assyrians where they number approximately 400 000 500 000 are in syria but are harder to identify because they are often included in with the general christian population and speak arabic however the christians of the tur abdin and al hasakah regions in the north east are predominantly assyrian citation needed berbers edit see also amazigh the town of aït benhaddou is a typical desert amazigh town the berbers amazigh are the largest non arab ethnicity in the arab world berbers are an ethnic group indigenous to north africa they are distributed in an area stretching from the atlantic ocean to the siwa oasis in egypt and from the mediterranean sea to the niger river historically they spoke berber languages which together form the berber branch of the afro asiatic family since the muslim conquest of north africa in the seventh century a large number of berbers inhabiting the maghreb have acquired different degrees of knowledge of varieties of maghrebi arabic 78 circassians edit circassians are a people who originate in the north caucasus they are predominantly muslim and can be found in iraq syria jordan israel lebanon and egypt in relatively small numbers 79 80 coptic christians edit egyptian coptic christians are a religious group who do not usually identify themselves as arabic and they follow the coptic orthodox church they place heavy emphasis on the egyptian aspect of their identity and their christian heritage their numbers are heavily disputed but are estimated to compromise roughly 5 35 of the egyptian population they are mainly followers of the coptic orthodox church of alexandria there are however a minority among them who are members of the coptic catholic church and an even smaller group who belong to the coptic evangelical church the egyptian coptic language which is a late script that was developed in roman egypt written in the greek alphabet and descending from the late form of the egyptian language of ancient egypt continues to be used as the liturgical language of the coptic orthodox church of alexandria 81 jews edit further information jewish tribes of arabia and arab jews the jewish tribes of arabia were arabian tribes professing the jewish faith that inhabited the arabian peninsula before and during the advent of islam it is not always clear whether they were originally israelite in ancestry genealogically arab tribes that converted to judaism or a mixture of both in islamic tradition the jewish tribes of the hejaz were seen as the offspring of the ancient israelites 82 4 5 according to muslim sources they spoke a language other than arabic which al tabari claims was persian this implies they were connected to the major jewish center in babylon 82 5 certain jewish traditions records the existence of nomadic tribes such as the rechabites that converted to judaism in antiquity the tribes collapsed with the rise of islam with many either converting or fleeing the arab peninsula some of those tribes are thought to have merged into yemenite jewish community while others like the residents of yatta consider themselves islamized descendants of khaybar a jewish tribe of arabia 83 jews from arab countries included in the mizrahi jewish communities are not categorized as and do not consider themselves to be arabs as jews are a separate nation from arabs with different history and culture 84 however sometimes the term arab jews is used to describe jews from arab countries though the term is highly controversial sociologist sammy smooha stated this arab jews term does not hold water it is absolutely not a parallel to arab christian 85 those who dispute the historicity of the term make the claim that middle eastern jews are similar to assyrians berbers and other middle eastern groups who live in arab societies as distinct minority groups with distinct identity and therefore are not categorized as arabs citation needed kurds edit in the northern regions of iraq 15 20 and syria 10 live a group called the kurds an indo european indigenous ethnic group who speak kurdish a language closely related to persian and using persian alphabet except in turkey where kurdish is written using a latin alphabet orthography the majority of kurds are sunni muslim others are alevi muslim with christian and yarsan minorities the nationalist aspiration for self rule or for a state of kurdistan has created conflict between kurdish minorities and their governments in iraq iran syria and turkey 86 mandaeans edit mandaeans sometimes also called sabians are a people found mainly in southern iraq their numbers total no more than 70 000 they follow mandaeism a gnostic religion 87 mhallami edit mhallami are a tiny minority of unknown origins who have converted to islam 88 nubians edit see also nubians nubians found in northern sudan and southern egypt are a different ethnicity from their northern and southe...