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desert warfare wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 properties and tactics toggle properties and tactics subsection 1 1 camouflage and cover 1 2 mobility 1 3 water scarcity 1 4 harassing supply lines 2 health effects toggle health effects subsection 2 1 body temperature 2 2 dehydration 2 3 fatigue 2 4 glare 3 examples toggle examples subsection 3 1 battles 3 2 wars 3 3 current conflicts 4 references 5 further reading toggle the table of contents desert warfare 10 languages العربية বাংলা کوردی فارسی עברית 日本語 한국어 nederlands türkçe українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia warfare in deserts and similar arid environments french army combat vehicles in the deserts of iraq during the gulf war part of a series on war outline index history prehistoric ancient post classical early modern industrial modern military organization command and control defense ministry reserves ranks branches army navy air force marines coast guard border guard special forces cyber force space force specialties staff engineers intel recon medical police diving pilot land units infantry armor cavalry artillery special forces signal corps naval units warships submarines aircraft carriers landing craft auxiliary ships air units fighters bombers command close air support electronic warfare reconnaissance combat systems fire control system fire control radar director military combat information center sonar radar historical ship gun fire control gun data computer torpedo data computer development basic training military maneuvers combat training battlespace aerospace aerial airborne space land cold region desert fortification jungle mountain urban subterranean tunnel sea amphibious blue brown green surface underwater seabed cyber information night technology air defense armor artillery barrage biological camouflage cavalry horses air cavalry chemical combined arms conventional cyber denial disinformation drone robot electromagnetic firearms infantry loitering missile music nuclear psychological radiological space submarine unconventional tactics list of military tactics aerial airlift air assault airbridge airdrop anti aircraft anti sub anti tank battle cavalry charge cqc counterattack counterinsurgency convoy defeat in detail foxhole drone envelopment formation guerrilla naval shock rapid dominance encirclement investment siege swarm screen tactical objective target saturation trench withdrawal operational military operation special operations research blitzkrieg expeditionary deep operation maneuver operational maneuver group raid covert stay behind strategy list of military strategies and concepts military campaign anti access attrition commerce raiding counter offensive culminating defense in depth fabian empty fort kinetic mosaic deception defensive depth goal nuclear naval offensive scorched earth grand strategy asymmetric blockade broken backed class cold war colonial conquest containment divide and conquer economic endemic fleet in being irregular liberation limited network centric new generation perpetual political princely proxy religious resource strategic succession technology theater total war world war administrative branch policy staff training service sociology organization area of responsibility chain of command command and control doctrine order of battle principles of war economy of force medicine engineers intelligence ranks personnel recruitment conscription draft evasion mobilization training specialism soldier morale volunteer women children transgender harassment conscientious objector conscription and sexism counter recruitment logistics history war economy arms industry materiel train supply chain management defense industrial base base mob fob outpost science power projection loss of strength gradient lanchester s laws force multiplication morale law belligerent occupation armistice ceasefire court martial desertion geneva conventions geneva protocol islamic justice lawful unlawful combatant perfidy regular irregular jewish right of conquest right of self defense rules of engagement self determination martial law war crime war and genocide war treason warlord theory air supremacy appeasement command of the sea deterrence theory full spectrum dominance overmatch just war theory principles of war philosophy of war security dilemma tripwire force wargaming simulation exercises combat effectiveness center of gravity non warfare arms control counterinsurgency deterrence disaster response gray zone gunboat diplomacy humanitarian aid law enforcement low intensity conflict military engineering peacekeeping peacebuilding peace through strength show of force culture awards and decorations battle cry warrior war film military science fiction war novel anti war movement foot drill war song psychology uniform wargame militarization militarism antimilitarism camp follower related women in war war resister war studies horses in warfare wartime sexual violence fifth column mercenary pacifism privateer private military company soldiers are murderers category v t e desert warfare is warfare in deserts or similar arid or semi arid environments the term encompasses military operations affected by the terrain climate and resource availability of these areas as well as the strategies and tactics used by military forces in these situations and environments desert warfare is distinct from other types of warfare in other environments and terrains in that the desert is generally considered very inhospitable the hot temperatures in the day and the cold temperatures in the night the scarcity of food water and plant life and the lack of cover and concealment affect how military forces operate in desert environments the heat and lack of water can sometimes be more dangerous than the enemy citation needed properties and tactics edit bedouin camel cavalry of the ikhwan army in the arabian peninsula c 1911 australians driving universal carriers across dunes towards bardia libya january 1941 british sas patrol in armed jeeps during the north african campaign of world war ii the barrenness of the desert makes the capture of key cities essential to ensure the ability to maintain control over important resources primarily clean water and being able to keep a military well supplied as such that makes sieges in conventional warfare more frequent as the defender often prepares entrenched positions to protect the cities that supply them citation needed camouflage and cover edit british and american soldiers wearing desert battle dress uniform during the gulf war many deserts have limited numbers of noticeable landmarks which can make maneuvering through a desert difficult in terms of navigation and logistics a lack of structures and objects can also make effective use of camouflage cover and concealment difficult citation needed mobility edit mobility is essential to a successful desert war which explains the heavy use of armor in battles such as in the first and second battle of el alamein during the north african campaign of world war ii it has been noted that mobility is so important in desert warfare that battles can sometimes begin to resemble naval engagements since the actual possession of territory is less important than the positions of one s tanks or ships 1 2 unlike other types of terrain which depend on roads movement in deserts is often possible in all directions because of the wide open spaces 3 however the resource scarce desert environment means that availability of supplies can greatly constrict movement 1 militaries often make use of cavalry to cross the large expanses of a harsh desert without increasing the exertion of the soldiers who are already at a higher risk of dehydration because of the high temperatures during the day there are many enemies to the desert fighter they include aircraft and tanks which can be extremely menacing to desert guerrillas because there is little way to equal such force additionally there are few places to hide from such weapons in the desert environment since there are few obstructions another problem is the sand dunes which can greatly affect mobility with no firm and stable ground footing it is easy to slide down or even get buried 4 water scarcity edit lack of water and extreme heat can also cause complications in engaging in desert warfare military personnel consume much higher quantities of water in the desert from perspiration and so troop movements are often limited by water carrying capacity 3 the scarcity of water may lead to bases moving from one position to another to look for a water source citation needed harassing supply lines edit in the context of guerilla warfare the wide expanses of deserts can make it more difficult for large forces to defend their supply lines guerilla forces can use ambushes to their advantage and make their adversary deploy forces to protect railways or other infrastructure at great cost that tactic was successfully used by t e lawrence during the arab revolt against the ottoman empire 2 health effects edit body temperature edit in desert warfare an individual s body temperature can reach unusual highs causing fever like weakness and dehydration 5 dehydration edit an individual may have to face conditions of dehydration in desert warfare because of the lack of edible fluids and clean water 5 fatigue edit fatigue and bodily stress caused by the heat can cause very serious discomfort 5 glare edit sunlight can irritate eyesight or reduce visibility 5 examples edit battles edit new zealand members of the long range desert group in north africa indian transport raiders searching for enemy targets during the western desert campaign of world war ii hajj caravan raid 924 hajj caravan raid 1757 battle of the pyramids 1798 battle of omdurman 1898 battle of el moungar 1903 battle of beersheba 1917 battle of gazala 1942 first battle of el alamein 1942 second battle of el alamein 1942 battle of asal uttar 1965 battle of longewala 1971 wars edit muslim quraysh war 624 630 saadian invasion of the songhai empire 1590 1599 char bouba war 1644 1674 french campaign in egypt and syria 1798 1801 ottoman saudi war 1811 1818 war of the pacific in the atacama desert 1879 1884 anglo somali war 1900 1920 middle eastern theatre of world war i 1914 1918 military operations in north africa during world war i 1914 1918 second italo senussi war 1923 1932 middle eastern and north african theatres of world war ii 1939 1945 sand war 1963 indo pakistani war of 1965 six day war 1967 indo pakistani war of 1971 yom kippur war 1973 western sahara war 1973 1991 iran iraq war 1980 1988 chadian libyan war 1978 1987 gulf war 1990 1991 iraq war 2003 2011 2011 libyan civil war 2011 syrian civil war 2011 2024 tuareg rebellion 2012 war in iraq 2013 2017 current conflicts edit somali civil war 1991 present insurgency in the maghreb 2002 present mali war 2012 present nomadic conflict references edit 1 2 drive to nowhere the myth of the afrika korps 1941 43 the national wwii museum new orleans 14 june 2018 retrieved 2022 06 21 1 2 t e lawrence on guerrilla warfare britannica www britannica com retrieved 2022 06 21 1 2 war department 1942 basic field manual desert operations washington united states government printing office p 4 war department 1942 basic field manual desert operations washington united states government printing office p 5 1 2 3 4 us department of the army 1993 desert operations field manual washington d c united states marine corps further reading edit desert warfare german experiences in wwii combined arms research library retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title desert_warfare oldid 1344027911 categories land warfare desert warfare hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from december 2022 this page was last edited on 17 march 2026 at 21 23 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents desert warfare 10 languages add topic