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contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 ecology 2 see also 3 references toggle the table of contents detritivore 36 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская català کوردی dansk esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی français עברית हिन्दी hrvatski bahasa indonesia íslenska italiano ქართული bahasa melayu malti nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina ไทย türkçe українська tiếng việt 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia animal that feeds on decomposing plant and animal parts as well as faeces earthworms are soil dwelling detritivores detritivores also known as detrivores detritophages detritus feeders or detritus eaters are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces 1 there are many kinds of invertebrates vertebrates and plants that eat detritus or carry out coprophagy by doing so all these detritivores contribute to decomposition and the nutrient cycles detritivores should be distinguished from other decomposers such as many species of bacteria fungi and protists which are unable to ingest discrete lumps of matter instead these other decomposers live by absorbing and metabolizing on a molecular scale saprotrophic nutrition the terms detritivore and decomposer are often used interchangeably but they describe different organisms detritivores are usually arthropods and help in the process of remineralization detritivores perform the first stage of remineralization by fragmenting the dead plant matter allowing decomposers to perform the second stage of remineralization 2 plant tissues are made up of resilient molecules e g cellulose lignin xylan that decay at a much lower rate than other organic molecules the activity of detritivores is the reason why there is not an accumulation of plant litter in nature 2 3 two adonis blue butterflies lap at a small lump of feces lying on a rock detritivores are an important aspect of many ecosystems they can live on any type of soil with an organic component including marine ecosystems where they are termed interchangeably with bottom feeders typical detritivorous animals include millipedes springtails woodlice dung flies slugs many terrestrial worms sea stars sea cucumbers fiddler crabs and some sedentary marine polychaetes such as worms of the family terebellidae detritivores can be classified into more specific groups based on their size and biomes macrodetritivores are larger organisms such as millipedes springtails and woodlouse while microdetritivores are smaller organisms such as bacteria 4 5 scavengers are not typically thought to be detritivores as they generally eat large quantities of organic matter but both detritivores and scavengers are the same type of cases of consumer resource systems 6 the consumption of wood whether alive or dead is known as xylophagy the activity of animals feeding only on dead wood is called sapro xylophagy and those animals sapro xylophagous ecology edit fungi are the secondary decomposers in most environments illustrated here mycena interrupta only fungi produce the enzymes necessary to decompose lignin a chemically complex substance found in wood a decaying tree trunk in canada s boreal forest decaying wood fills an important ecological niche providing habitat and shelter and returning important nutrients to the soil after undergoing decomposition detritivore nutrient cycling model detritivores play an important role as recyclers in the ecosystem s energy flow and biogeochemical cycles 7 alongside decomposers they reintroduce vital elements such as carbon nitrogen phosphorus calcium and potassium back into the soil allowing plants to take in these elements and use them for growth 2 they shred the dead plant matter which releases the trapped nutrients in the plant tissues an abundance of detritivores in the soil allows the ecosystem to efficiently recycle nutrients 7 many detritivores live in mature woodland though the term can be applied to certain bottom feeders in wet environments these organisms play a crucial role in benthic ecosystems forming essential food chains and participating in the nitrogen cycle 8 detritivores and decomposers that reside in the desert live in burrows underground to avoid the hot surface since underground conditions provide favorable living conditions for them detritivores are the main organisms in clearing plant litter and recycling nutrients in the desert due to the limited vegetation available in the desert desert detritivores adapted and evolved ways to feed in the extreme conditions of the desert 3 detritivore feeding behaviour is affected by rainfall moist soil increases detritivore feeding and excretion 7 fungi acting as decomposers are important in today s terrestrial environment during the carboniferous period fungi and bacteria had yet to evolve the capacity to digest lignin and so large deposits of dead plant tissue accumulated during this period later becoming the fossil fuels 9 by feeding on sediments directly to extract the organic component some detritivores incidentally concentrate toxic pollutants 10 see also edit decomposer saprotrophic nutrition nepenthes ampullaria consumer resource systems references edit wetzel rg 2001 limnology lake and river ecosystems 3rd ed academic press p 700 isbn 978 0 12 744760 5 1 2 3 keddy p 2017 plant ecology origins processes consequences 2nd ed new york cambridge university press pp 92 93 isbn 978 1 107 11423 4 1 2 sagi n grünzweig jm hawlena d november 2019 burrowing detritivores regulate nutrient cycling in a desert ecosystem proceedings biological sciences 286 1914 20191647 doi 10 1098 rspb 2019 1647 pmc 6842856 pmid 31662076 schmitz oswald j buchkowski robert w burghardt karin t donihue colin m 2015 01 01 pawar samraat woodward guy dell anthony i eds chapter ten functional traits and trait mediated interactions connecting community level interactions with ecosystem functioning advances in ecological research trait based ecology from structure to function vol 52 academic press pp 319 343 doi 10 1016 bs aecr 2015 01 003 archived from the original on 2021 05 30 retrieved 2021 02 20 de smedt pallieter wasof safaa van de weghe tom hermy martin bonte dries verheyen kris 2018 10 01 macro detritivore identity and biomass along with moisture availability control forest leaf litter breakdown in a field experiment applied soil ecology 131 47 54 bibcode 2018appse 131 47d doi 10 1016 j apsoil 2018 07 010 issn 0929 1393 s2cid 92379245 getz wm february 2011 biomass transformation webs provide a unified approach to consumer resource modelling ecology letters 14 2 113 24 bibcode 2011ecoll 14 113g doi 10 1111 j 1461 0248 2010 01566 x pmc 3032891 pmid 21199247 1 2 3 lindsey robbins j vázquez ortega a mccluney k pelini s december 2019 effects of detritivores on nutrient dynamics and corn biomass in mesocosms insects 10 12 453 doi 10 3390 insects10120453 pmc 6955738 pmid 31847249 tenore kr et al scope march 1988 nitrogen in benthic food chains pdf in blackbrun th sorensen j eds nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments vol 21 pp 191 206 archived from the original pdf on 2007 06 10 biello d 28 june 2012 white rot fungi slowed coal formation scientific american archived from the original on 24 december 2020 retrieved 9 august 2020 yang h chen g wang j 2024 02 02 microplastics in the marine environment sources fates impacts and microbial degradation pmc toxics 9 2 41 doi 10 3390 toxics9020041 pmc 7927104 pmid 33671786 v t e feeding behaviours carnivores adult arachnophagy avivore corallivore durophagy egg predation entomophagy hematophagy insectivore lepidophagy man eating animal molluscivore mucophagy myrmecophagy ophiophagy piscivore spongivore vermivore reproductive oophagy paedophagy placentophagy breastfeeding weaning cannibalistic human cannibalism autocannibalism sexual cannibalism herbivores folivore florivore frugivore graminivore seed predation nectarivore mellivory palynivore xylophagy osteophagy cellular phagocytosis myzocytosis others microbivory bacterivore fungivore coprophagia detritivore geophagia omnivore planktivore saprophagy xenophagy lithotroph plastivore pica methods predation ambush predator apex predator egg predator intraguild predator pursuit predator aquatic predation lunge feeder pivot feeder ram feeder suction feeder bait balls bottom feeder feeding frenzy filter feeder browsing cattle feeding fodder grazing forage hypercarnivore hypocarnivore mesocarnivore parasitism kleptoparasitism scavenger necrophage surplus killing trophallaxis antipredator adaptation carnivorous plant carnivorous fungus carnivorous protist category eating behaviors v t e ecology modelling ecosystems trophic components general abiotic component abiotic stress behaviour biogeochemical cycle biomass biotic component biotic stress carrying capacity competition ecosystem ecosystem ecology ecosystem model green world hypothesis keystone species list of feeding behaviours metabolic theory of ecology productivity resource restoration producers autotrophs chemosynthesis chemotrophs foundation species kinetotrophs mixotrophs myco heterotrophy mycotroph organotrophs photoheterotrophs photosynthesis photosynthetic efficiency phototrophs primary nutritional groups primary production consumers apex predator bacterivore carnivores chemoorganotroph foraging generalist and specialist species intraguild predation herbivores heterotroph heterotrophic nutrition insectivore mesopredators mesopredator release hypothesis omnivores optimal foraging theory planktivore predation prey switching decomposers chemoorganoheterotrophy decomposition detritivores detritus microorganisms archaea bacteriophage lithoautotroph lithotrophy marine microbial cooperation microbial ecology microbial food web microbial intelligence microbial loop mycoloop microbial mat microbial metabolism phage ecology food webs biomagnification ecological efficiency ecological pyramid energy flow food chain trophic level example webs lakes rivers soil tritrophic interactions in plant defense marine food webs cold seeps hydrothermal vents intertidal kelp forests north pacific gyre san francisco estuary tide pool processes ascendency bioaccumulation cascade effect climax community competitive exclusion principle consumer resource interactions copiotrophs dominance ecological network ecological succession energy quality energy systems language f ratio feed conversion ratio feeding frenzy mesotrophic soil nutrient cycle oligotroph paradox of the plankton trophic cascade trophic mutualism trophic state index defense counter animal coloration anti predator adaptations camouflage deimatic behaviour herbivore adaptations to plant defense mimicry plant defense against herbivory predator avoidance in schooling fish v t e ecology modelling ecosystems other components population ecology abundance allee effect consumer resource model depensation ecological yield effective population size intraspecific competition logistic function malthusian growth model maximum sustainable yield overpopulation overexploitation population cycle population dynamics population modeling population size predator prey lotka volterra equations recruitment small population size stability resilience resistance random generalized lotka volterra model species biodiversity density dependent inhibition ecological effects of biodiversity ecological extinction endemic species flagship species gradient analysis indicator species introduced species invasive species native species latitudinal gradients in species diversity minimum viable population neutral theory occupancy abundance relationship population viability analysis priority effect rapoport s rule relative abundance distribution relative species abundance species diversity species homogeneity species richness species distribution species area curve umbrella species species interaction antibiosis biological interaction commensalism community ecology ecological facilitation interspecific competition mutualism parasitism storage effect symbiosis spatial ecology biogeography cross boundary subsidy ecocline ecotone ecotype disturbance edge effects foster s rule habitat fragmentation ideal free distribution intermediate disturbance hypothesis insular biogeography land change modeling landscape ecology landscape epidemiology landscape limnology metapopulation patch dynamics r k selection theory resource selection function source sink dynamics niche ecological trap ecosystem engineer environmental niche modelling guild habitat marine semiaquatic terrestrial limiting similarity niche apportionment models niche construction niche differentiation ontogenetic niche shift other networks assembly rules bateman s principle bioluminescence ecological collapse ecological debt ecological deficit ecological energetics ecological indicator ecological threshold ecosystem diversity emergence extinction debt kleiber s law liebig s law of the minimum marginal value theorem thorson s rule xerosere other allometry alternative stable state balance of nature biological data visualization ecological economics ecological footprint ecological forecasting ecological humanities ecological stoichiometry ecopath ecosystem based fisheries endolith evolutionary ecology functional ecology industrial ecology macroecology microecosystem natural environment regime shift sexecology systems ecology urban ecology theoretical ecology outline of ecology retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title detritivore oldid 1335297973 categories detritivores eating behaviors microbial growth and nutrition mycology soil biology animals by eating behaviors hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata this page was last edited on 28 january 2026 at 13 07 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table 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