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digital potentiometer wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 design 2 limitations 3 applications 4 alternatives 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents digital potentiometer 8 languages العربية deutsch français हिन्दी bahasa indonesia русский tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia digitally controlled electronic component digital potentiometer schematic symbol example a digital potentiometer also called a resistive digital to analog converter 1 or informally a digipot is a digitally controlled electronic component that mimics the analog functions of a potentiometer it is often used for trimming and scaling analog signals by microcontrollers design edit digital potentiometer principle using a resistor ladder a digital potentiometer is built either from a resistor ladder integrated circuit or a digital to analog converter although a resistor ladder construction is the more common citation needed every step on the resistor ladder has its own switch which can connect this step to the output terminal of the potentiometer the selected step on the ladder determines the resistance ratio of the digital potentiometer the number of steps is normally indicated with a bit value e g 8 bits equals 256 steps 8 bits is the most common but resolutions between 5 and 10 bits 32 to 1024 steps are available 2 a digital potentiometer uses protocols like i²c or a serial peripheral interface bus for signalling some use simpler up down protocols typical uses of digital potentiometers are in circuits requiring gain control of amplifiers frequently instrumentation amplifiers small signal audio balancing and offset adjustment the resistor material is usually polysilicon or thin film 3 most digital potentiometers use only volatile memory which means they forget their position when they are powered down on power up they will report a default value often their midpoint value when these are used their last position may be stored by the microcontroller or fpga to which they are interfaced some digipots do include their own non volatile storage 4 so their default reading on power up will be the same as they showed before they were powered down 5 limitations edit while quite similar to normal potentiometers digital potentiometers are constrained by current limit in the range of tens of milliamperes also most digital potentiometers limit the voltage range on the two input terminals of the resistor to the digital supply range e g 0 5 vdc so additional circuitry may be required to replace a conventional potentiometer although digital potentiometers with separate dual supply analog voltages are also available 6 further instead of the seemingly continuous control that can be obtained from a multiturn resistive potentiometer digital potentiometers have discrete steps in resistance another constraint is that special logic is often required to check for zero crossing of an analog ac signal to allow the resistance value to be changed without causing an audible click in the output for audio amplifiers schematic needed volatile digital potentiometers also differ from electro mechanical ones in that on power up the resistance will default to possibly a different value after a power cycle similarly their resistance is only valid when the correct dc supply voltage is present when voltage is removed the resistance between the two end points and the nominal wiper are undefined in an operational amplifier circuit the off state impedance of a real potentiometer can help stabilize the dc operating point of the circuit during the power up stage this may not be the case when a digital potentiometer is used both electro mechanical and digital potentiometers generally have poor tolerances typically 20 7 poor temperature coefficients 8 up to many hundreds of ppm per degree c 8 and a stop resistance that is typically about 0 5 1 of the full scale resistance note that stop resistance is the residual resistance when the terminal to wiper resistance is set to the minimum value citation needed with a digital potentiometer the resistance might be depended on supply voltage 7 digital potentiometer have a limited band width due to parasitic capacitance in device parts with lower end to end resistance typically have a greater band width the transmission gate switching element in the digital potentiometer cause harmonic distortions a multiplying dac used as a digital potentiometer can eliminate most of these limitations 9 typically a signal span of 15v to 15v is possible with 16 bit control i e 65535 discrete set points and drift and non linearity are negligible however a dac has to be initialised each time the system is powered on which is typically done by software in an embedded microcontroller a multiplying dac can not be directly used as a rheostat 2 wire connection but in that mode a digipot performs badly anyway due to its temperature coefficient and resistance tolerance citation needed applications edit lcd contrast brightness sensor calibration digital volume control programmable comparators programmable low high pass filters alternatives edit motorized potentiometer vactrol see also edit console automation references edit digital potentiometers frequently asked questions analog devices archived from the original on 2011 09 07 digital potentiometer family selection guide ad5207 2 channel 256 position digital potentiometer datasheet pdf technical report analog devices digital potentiometers where and how to use education analog devices 3 october 2014 retrieved 14 may 2023 ds1855 dual nonvolatile digital potentiometer and secure memory analog devices 5 october 2001 retrieved 14 may 2023 dual nonvolatile digital potentiometer and secure memory pdf analog com retrieved 14 may 2023 7 8 bit single 36v 18v digital pot with spi serial interface and volatile memory pdf microchip retrieved 14 may 2023 1 2 understanding digital potentiometer resistor variations pdf microchip retrieved 14 may 2023 1 2 ds1845 ds1855 temperature coefficient analysis analog devices 7 june 2002 retrieved 14 may 2023 multiplying dac makes programmable resistor edn 24 june 1999 retrieved 14 may 2023 external links edit digital potentiometer the resistor guide designing with intersil digitally controlled potentiometers xdcps retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title digital_potentiometer oldid 1373580985 category resistive components hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from august 2013 articles with unsourced statements from may 2021 this page was last edited on 6 september 2026 at 19 11 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents digital potentiometer 8 languages add topic