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dirham wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 unit of mass 2 history toggle history subsection 2 1 dirham in jewish orthodox law 3 modern day currency 4 see also 5 notes 6 references toggle the table of contents dirham 63 languages العربية الدارجة azərbaycanca تۆرکجه башҡортса беларуская български বাংলা bosanski català کوردی čeština dansk deutsch español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული jju tyap kumoring 한국어 кыргызча മലയാളം bahasa melayu مازِرونی nederlands norsk bokmål occitan polski پنجابی پښتو português română русский ikinyarwanda саха тыла سنڌي srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska тоҷикӣ tagalog türkçe українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia unit of currency in several asian and african states nations in red currently use the dirham nations in green use a currency with a subdivision named dirham the dirham a dirhem b or drahm c is a unit of currency and of mass it is the name of the currencies of morocco the united arab emirates and armenia and is the name of a currency subdivision in jordan libya qatar and tajikistan it was historically a silver coin silver dirham of caliph umar ibn abd al aziz 718 719 ce silver dirham of yazid ii minted in 721 722 ce silver dirham of marwan ii ibn muhammad 749 745 ce silver dirham of as saffah 754 758 ce silver dirham of al hadi minted in 786 787 ce in al haruniya silver dirham of al mu tasim minted at al muhammadiya in 836 837 ce one of the first silver coins of the umayyad caliphate still following sassanid motifs struck in the name of al hajjaj ibn yusuf later silver dirham of the umayyad caliphate minted at balkh in 729 730 ce ah 111 silver dirham of alhakén ii caliph of córdoba silver dirham issued in 1002 by hisham ii caliph of córdoba unit of mass edit the dirham was a unit of mass used across north africa the middle east persia and ifat later known as adal with varying values the value of islamic dirham was 14 qirat 10 dirham equals 7 mithqal 2 975 gm of silver in the late ottoman empire ottoman turkish درهم the standard dirham was 3 207 g 1 400 dirhem equal one oka the ottoman dirham was based on the sasanian drachm in middle persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 drahm which was itself based on the greek dram drachma 2 in egypt in 1895 it was equivalent to 47 661 troy grains 3 088 g 3 there is currently a movement within the islamic world to revive the dirham as a unit of mass for measuring silver although the exact value is disputed either 3 or 2 975 grams 4 history edit silver hoard from lublin czechów comprising 214 silver dirhams issued between 711 712 and 882 883 ce lublin museum the word dirham ultimately comes from drachma δραχμή the greek coin 5 the greek speaking byzantine empire lay partially in the levant and traded with arabia circulating the coin there in pre islamic times and afterward near the end of the 7th century the coin became an islamic currency bearing the name of the sovereign and a religious verse the arabs introduced their own coins the islamic dirham was 8 daniq 6 the dirham was struck in many mediterranean countries including al andalus moorish spain and the byzantine empire miliaresion and could be used as currency in europe between the 10th and 12th centuries notably in areas with viking connections such as viking york 7 and dublin dirham in jewish orthodox law edit the dirham is frequently mentioned in jewish orthodox law as a unit of weight used to measure various requirements in religious functions such as the weight in silver specie pledged in marriage contracts ketubbah the quantity of flour requiring the separation of the dough portion etc jewish physician and philosopher maimonides uses the egyptian dirham to approximate the quantity of flour for dough portion writing in mishnah eduyot 1 2 and i found the rate of the dough portion in that measurement to be approximately five hundred and twenty dirhams of wheat flour while all these dirhams are the egyptian dirham this view is repeated by maran s shulhan arukh hil hallah yoreh deah 324 3 in the name of the tur in maimonides commentary of the mishnah eduyot 1 2 note 18 rabbi yosef qafih explains that the weight of each egyptian dirham was approximately 3 333 grams 8 or what was the equivalent to 16 carob grains 9 which when taken together the minimum weight of flour requiring the separation of the dough portion comes to approximately 1 kilo and 733 grams rabbi ovadiah yosef in his sefer halikhot ʿolam vol 1 pp 288 291 10 makes use of a different standard for the egyptian dirham saying that it weighed approximately 3 0 grams meaning the minimum requirement for separating the priest s portion is 1 kilo and 560 grams others e g rabbi avraham chaim naeh say the egyptian dirham weighed approximately 3 205 grams 11 which total weight for the requirement of separating the dough portion comes to 1 kilo and 666 grams rabbi shelomo qorah chief rabbi of bnei barak wrote that the traditional weight used in yemen for each dirham weighed 3 20 grams for a total of 31 5 dirhams given as the redemption of one s firstborn son pidyon haben or 3 36 grams for the 30 dirhams required by the shulhan arukh yoreh de ah 305 1 12 and which in relation to the separation of the dough portion made for a total weight of 1 kilo and 770 72 grams the word drachmon hebrew דרכמון used in some translations of maimonides commentary of the mishnah has in all places the same connotation as dirham 13 modern day currency edit currently the valid national currencies with the name dirham are countries currency iso 4217 code morocco moroccan dirham mad united arab emirates united arab emirates dirham aed armenia armenian dram amd modern currencies with the subdivision dirham or diram are countries currency iso 4217 code subdivision libya libyan dinar lyd dirham qatar qatari riyal qar dirham jordan jordanian dinar jod dirham tajikistan tajikistani somoni tjs diram the unofficial modern gold dinar issued and or proposed by several states and proto states is also divided into dirhams see also edit money portal numismatics portal dinar gold dinar fals notes edit ˈ d ɜːr h æ m dur ham arabic درهم ˈ d ɜːr h ɛ m dur hem ˈ d r ɑː m references edit based on an oka of 1 2828 kg diran kélékian gives 3 21 g dictionnaire turc français constantinople imprimerie mihran 1911 γ μπαμπινιώτης gives 3 203 g λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας athens 1998 dirham encyclopaedia iranica oed ashtor e october 1982 levantine weights and standard parcels a contribution to the metrology of the later middle ages bulletin of the school of oriental and african studies 45 3 471 488 doi 10 1017 s0041977x00041525 issn 0041 977x s2cid 140561646 archived from the original on 2024 01 02 retrieved 2019 11 20 oxford english dictionary 1st edition s v dirhem archived 2020 02 09 at the wayback machine bbc art of persia in addition to islamic dirhams in ninth and tenth century english hoards a counterfeit dirham was found at coppergate in york struck as if for isma il ibn achmad ruling at samarkand 903 07 8 of copper covered by a once silvery wash of tin illustrated in richard hall viking age archaeology series shire archaeology 2010 17 fig 7 mishnah with a commentary of rabbi moses ben maimon ed yosef qafih vol 2 seder neziqim pub mossad harav kook jerusalem 1965 p 189 hebrew title משנה עם פירוש הרמב ם mishnah with a commentary of rabbi moses ben maimon ed yosef qafih vol 3 mossad harav kook jerusalem 1967 s v introduction to tractate menahoth p 68 note 35 hebrew ovadiah yosef sefer halikhot ʿolam vol 1 jerusalem 2002 hebrew title ספר הליכות עולם ovadiah yosef sefer halikhot ʿolam vol 1 jerusalem 2002 p 288 sec 11 abraham chaim naeh sefer kuntres ha shi urim archived 2017 04 24 at the wayback machine jerusalem 1943 p 4 hebrew shelomo qorah ʿarikhat shūlḥan yilqūṭ ḥayyīm vol 13 principles of instruction and tradition benei barak 2012 p 206 hebrew title עריכת שולחן ילקוט חיים oclc 762505465 mishnah with a commentary of rabbi moses ben maimon ed yosef qafih vol 3 seder kodashim pub mossad harav kook jerusalem 1967 s v introduction to tractate menahoth p 68 note 35 hebrew title משנה עם פירוש הרמב ם v t e islamic banking and finance concepts aqad bai al inah bai bithaman ajil bai muajjal bai salam gharar hibah ijarah istisna muamalat mudaraba murabaha musawamah musharaka qard al hasan qirad riba securities trading sharia investments sukuk takaful tawarruq wadiah wakalah waqf zakat currency dinar dirham fals gold dinar mithqal modern gold dinar scholars abdul azim islahi mohammad najatuallah siddiqi taqi usmani rusni hassan umer chapra waleed el ansary other banks in the arab world participation banking works iqtisaduna the economic system in islam the bloc known as the organisation of islamic cooperation oic are nations which officially recognize islam politically authority control databases i̇slâm ansiklopedisi yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title dirham oldid 1360183454 categories denominations currency silver coins obsolete units of measurement ottoman units of measurement units of mass islamic banking islamic banking and finance terminology medieval currencies hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing arabic language text articles containing ottoman turkish 1500 1928 language text webarchive template wayback links articles containing hebrew language text this page was last edited on 19 june 2026 at 19 32 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents dirham 63 languages add topic