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ael following the iraqi invasion and annexation of neighboring kuwait during the leadup to the 1991 gulf war funding for the first two boats dolphin and leviathan was fully subsidized by the german government to restart the construction program and the third tekumah received a 50 subsidy during the first gulf war it was revealed that german firms had assisted iraq with modernizing its ballistic missile and chemical weapon programs thanks in part to lax enforcement by german customs in violation of the missile technology control regime protocols which west germany had acceded to in 1987 22 these enhanced missiles brought israeli cities into iraqi targeting range for the first time and the iraqi weapons research program included factories and necessary supplies for the creation of weaponized mustard and nerve gas 23 24 though not a belligerent in the gulf war israeli cities were nevertheless bombarded by these upgraded iraqi missiles 25 26 to compensate israel for war related damage and economic losses 24 27 and keep german shipyards occupied with a high profile project in the post cold war defense spending downturn 28 29 then chancellor of germany helmut kohl approved an assistance package to german industry including the construction of two dolphin class submarines 30 31 the names dolphin and leviathan hail from the retired israeli wwii era submarines of the british t class the third boat tekuma translation revival commemorates dakar the third israeli boat of the t class which was lost in 1968 with all israeli crew in the mediterranean sea during delivery the names of the newer boats tanin and rahav are taken from retired gal class submarines which were themselves named after even older israeli s class submarines 32 additional procurement edit the silhouette profile of the dolphin i submarine non aip the silhouette profile of the dolphin ii submarine equipped with aip in 2006 israel signed a contract with thyssenkrupp to purchase two additional submarines from its hdw subsidiary 30 the two new boats are an upgraded version displacing 28 heavier than the older dolphin s featuring an air independent propulsion system similar to the one used on german type 212 submarines 30 on 6 july 2006 the government of germany decided to finance an advance to start the construction about 170 million planned for delivery in 2012 33 the two submarines cost overall around 1 3 billion of up to one third was subsidized by germany 27 in 2010 both israel and germany denied having talks regarding the potential purchase of a sixth submarine 34 yet in 2011 israel ordered a sixth dolphin class submarine for which it was reported to pay the unsubsidized cost of us 1 billion 35 however in july 2011 during a meeting between german defense minister thomas de maizière and israeli prime minister binyamin netanyahu and defense minister ehud barak an agreement was reached to subsidize 135 million of the us 500 700 million cost of the sixth submarine 36 37 ins tanin a dolphin ii submarine while under construction at hdw s shipyard in kiel in july 2012 in 2016 it was revealed that a new sonar developed by rafael advanced defense systems was being fitted on all dolphin submarines in the last two years the new capabilities provided to the dolphin submarines by the israeli sonar also include detection of vessels with a low noise signature the algorithms used in the sonar systems enable it to ignore many of the noises that can disrupt the range of the systems activity while detecting very distant noises 38 in late 2016 reports emerged of negotiations for the purchase of three additional thyssenkrupp built submarines 39 the former defense minister moshe ya alon who opposed the acquisition during his tenure called for the attorney general avichai mandelblit to investigate the negotiations which included prime minister benjamin netanyahu s personal attorney david shimron for work while on retainer to the offices of miki ganor which represents thyssenkrupp in israel 40 41 on 23 november 2016 mandelblit decided to ask the state prosecutor to move forward with an investigation into the case 42 in july 2021 with the newly formed government in power and the netanyahu led government out of power mk gantz the new defense minister as well as mk sa ar began an official process into initiating a state investigation into the case 3000 submarine procurement case saying an official inquiry committee that will investigate all aspects of the affair is the need of the hour 43 however the government s submarine procurement investigation was delayed as the thyssenkrupp negotiations for the purchase of new submarines with additional capabilities was ongoing and likely to cost 2 4b 44 in october 2017 israel and germany confirmed that they finalised a memorandum of understanding covering the israeli navy s purchase of three more dolphin class submarines to be delivered starting in 2027 45 later dubbed the dakar class the deal was formally signed in january 2022 with the then envisaged delivery of the first boat occurring within nine years 46 these boats would replace the first three dolphin i class submarines which by then would be about 30 years old germany would provide industrial subsidies to german companies building and outfitting the submarines covering a third of purchase costs 47 armament and systems edit then idf chief of staff benny gantz reviewing a dolphin i submarine in 2014 each submarine is fitted with 6 533 mm 21 0 in torpedo tubes and 4 650 mm 26 in torpedo tubes 10 the very large 650 mm tubes can be used for laying mines larger submarine launched cruise missiles or swimmer delivery vehicles and with liners the tubes could be used for standard torpedoes and submarine launched missiles 48 the boats were first armed with atlas elektronik dm2a3 torpedoes using wire guided active homing to deliver a 260 kg 570 lb warhead at a maximum speed of 40 knots 74 km h 46 mph to a target over 13 km 8 1 mi away in passive homing mode a speed of 22 knots 41 km h 25 mph and a range up to 28 km 17 mi is possible israel has also procured the more advanced dm2a4 torpedo successor to their dm2a3s which are electrically propelled equipped with fiber optic communications and has countermeasure resistant signals processing and mission logic 49 a wet and dry compartment is installed for deploying underwater special operations teams 10 50 51 jane s defence weekly reported that the dolphin class submarines are believed to be nuclear armed offering israel a sea based second strike capability 18 19 in adherence to missile technology control regime rules 48 the us clinton administration rejected an israeli request in 2000 to purchase tomahawk long range slcms the u s navy has deployed nuclear armed and conventional tomahawk missiles for its submarine fleet which are launched from standard heavy 533 mm torpedo tubes 52 the federation of american scientists and globalsecurity org reported that the four larger torpedo tubes are capable of launching israeli built nuclear armed popeye turbo cruise missiles a variant of the popeye standoff missile and the u s navy recorded an israeli submarine launched cruise missile test in the indian ocean ranging 1 500 km 930 mi 10 14 53 the dolphin class uses the isus 90 1 tcs weapon control system supplied by stn atlas elektronik for automatic sensor management fire control navigation and operations the installed radar warning receiver is a 4ch v 2 timnex electronic support measures system scanning from 5 ghz to 20 ghz frequency bands and able to pinpoint radar sites with accuracy between 5 and 10 degrees of angle depending on frequency 54 the surface search radar is an elta unit operating on i band the sonar suite includes the advanced atlas elektronik csu 90 hull mounted passive and active search and attack sonar the prs 3 passive ranging sonar is also supplied by atlas elektronik the flank array is a fas 3 passive search sonar a notable design feature is the prismatic hull cross section and smoothly faired transitions from the hull to the sail improving the boat s stealth characteristics the ship and internal features are constructed of nonmagnetic materials significantly reducing the chances of it being detected by magnetometers or setting off magnetic naval mines the submarines have two kollmorgen periscopes 10 the dolphin s can mount an external special forces hangar aft of their sail 55 the dolphin s are equipped with three v 16 396 se 84 diesel engines 56 built by mtu friedrichshafen now rolls royce power systems developing 3 12 mw 4 180 hp sustained power the submarines are equipped with three siemens 750 kw alternators and a siemens 2 85 mw sustained power motor driving a single shaft the propulsion system provides a speed of 20 knots 37 km h 23 mph submerged and a snorkeling speed of 11 knots 20 km h 13 mph the hull is rated for dives up to 350 m 1 150 ft the maximum unrefuelled range is 8 000 nautical miles 15 000 km 9 200 mi traveling on the surface at 8 knots 15 km h 9 2 mph and over 400 nautical miles 740 km 460 mi at 8 knots 15 km h 9 2 mph submerged they are designed to remain unsupplied for up to 30 days on station 10 operational service edit ins dolphin a dolphin i submarine seen here in 2010 according to news reports the submarines are normally based in the mediterranean 57 although one dolphin class was sent to the red sea for exercises briefly docking at the naval base of eilat in june 2009 which israeli media interpreted as a warning to iran 58 in 2009 the israeli newspaper haaretz quoting an israeli defence official reported that the very small eilat naval station is unsuited strategically to base the dolphin class boats specifically noting the tight entrance of the gulf of aqaba at the straits of tiran as one held by potential adversaries including saudi arabia on the east and the demilitarized egyptian sinai to the west eilat is a 10 km 6 2 mi strip of coast between egypt and jordan according to the london sunday times the israeli navy decided in may 2010 to keep at least one submarine equipped with nuclear tipped slcm there permanently as a deterrent in response to rumored ballistic missiles moved from syria to lebanon 19 if the boats are based at the larger haifa naval base access to the persian gulf area either requires openly sailing on the surface through the egyptian controlled suez canal as permitted in the egypt israel peace treaty or a long voyage sailing around africa according to the convention of constantinople signed by the ruling great powers of the time including the uk france and the ottoman empire on march 2 1888 the suez maritime canal shall always be free and open in time of war as in time of peace to every vessel of commerce or of war without distinction of flag 59 denied crossing at the suez canal and blockade of the straits of tiran occurred in both in 1956 and 1967 leading to israel twice seizing the sinai to break the blockade 60 the egypt israel peace treaty allows for the free passage of israeli vessels through the suez canal and recognizes the strait of tiran and the gulf of aqaba as international waterways even if a red sea or indian ocean base is unavailable other nations have used submarine tenders ships that resupply rearm and refuel submarines at sea when nearby friendly bases are unavailable according to two contradictory sudanese media reports in november or december 2011 two israeli air raids against gaza bound weapon smugglers in sudan were accompanied by israeli submarine activity off the sudanese coast 61 62 the sudanese government claims no strikes took place in february 2012 ynet the online version of the israeli newspaper yediot achronot reported that for security reasons applicants for the submarine service with dual citizenship or citizenship in addition to israeli which is common in israel with a relatively high percentage of olim immigrants must officially renounce all other citizenships to be accepted into the training program 63 israel national news and the jerusalem post both had articles on sunday july 14 2013 which quoted that day s london sunday times saying that the july 5 israeli missile strike against the syrian port of latakia previously reported by cnn as an israel air force strike was made in coordination with the united states and long range missiles were launched from a dolphin class submarine the attack targeted newly unloaded russian made yakhont long range high performance anti ship missiles and associated radars 64 65 66 in december 2020 an idf submarine transited the suez canal and the red sea en route to the persian gulf in possible preparation for any iranian retaliation over the november assassination of a senior iranian nuclear scientist mohsen fakhrizadeh 67 speculation regarding ins drakon edit ins drakon with larger sail although unconfirmed by either the german or israeli government there was speculation that the drakon would be longer than previous boats of its class and might have new weapon capabilities including a vertical launch system vls 68 the boat was reported to have been taken out of the water but re launched again in august 2023 with the re launch photographs confirmed a much larger sail which might accommodate its vertical launch missile silos if these fitted to the vessel 69 according to analysis conducted by matus smutny the sail could also contain a special release compartment for unmanned underwater vehicles uuvs aerial drones and or other special operations and intelligence gathering equipment the revised sail could also be related to some kind of proof of concept for technology to be used in the upcoming dakar class 70 submarines in the class edit name shipyard status contract steel cutting launched comm notes dolphin i ins dolphin nordseewerke emden active jun 1991 71 1994 71 1996 72 27 jul 1999 71 73 ins leviathan nordseewerke emden active 1995 71 1997 72 nov 1999 71 73 ins tekuma nordseewerke emden active 9 feb 1995 71 1996 71 9 jul 1998 74 oct 2000 71 73 dolphin ii ins tanin hdw kiel active aug 2006 75 3 may 2012 76 23 sep 2014 77 73 ins rahav hdw kiel active 29 apr 2013 78 12 jan 2016 79 73 ins drakon hdw kiel active mar 2012 80 12 nov 2024 81 82 5 aug 2026 citation needed 73 see also edit list of submarine classes in service equivalent submarines of the same era type 212a song class gotland class scorpène class heroine class lada class other references to the israeli navy dakar class list of ships of the israeli navy references edit 1 2 israel receives most advanced and expensive submarine ever built for its navy strengthening underwater deterrence 5 august 2025 archived from the original on 6 august 2026 1 2 3 cavas christopher p 15 august 2014 israel s deadliest submarines are nearly ready intercepts defense news retrieved 25 december 2014 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link 1 2 israel s largest submarine arrives as navy prepares to expand fleet calcalistech com 23 september 2026 retrieved 23 september 2026 hdw class...