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a contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 biography 2 research and contributions toggle research and contributions subsection 2 1 macro processors 2 2 contributions to unix 2 3 computer language design 2 4 algorithms 2 5 darwin 3 awards and recognition 4 views on computing 5 see also 6 references 7 further reading 8 external links toggle the table of contents douglas mcilroy 24 languages العربية مصرى azərbaycanca català کوردی deutsch español فارسی français magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 malagasy norsk bokmål polski português русский simple english svenska українська اردو 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia american computer scientist born 1932 malcolm douglas mcilroy mcilroy at the japan prize foundation in 2011 born malcolm douglas mcilroy 1932 04 24 april 24 1932 age 94 newburgh new york u s education cornell university bs massachusetts institute of technology phd known for macros unix pipelines unix philosophy software componentry echo diff sort join runoff tr unix manual darwin 1961 scientific career fields computer science mathematics engineering workplaces dartmouth college bell labs oxford university association for computing machinery thesis on the solution of the differential equations of conical shells 1959 doctoral advisors eric reissner website www cs dartmouth edu doug malcolm douglas mcilroy born april 24 1932 is an american computer scientist mathematician and programmer as of 2019 he is an adjunct professor of computer science at dartmouth college mcilroy is best known for having originally proposed unix pipelines and developed several unix tools such as echo spell diff sort join graph speak and tr 1 he was also one of the pioneering researchers of macro processors and programming language extensibility he participated in the design of multiple influential programming languages particularly pl i snobol altran tmg and c his seminal work on software componentization 2 and code reuse 3 4 makes him a pioneer of component based software engineering and software product line engineering biography edit malcolm douglas mcilroy was born on april 24 1932 in newburgh new york he earned his bachelor s degree in engineering physics from cornell university 5 and a ph d in applied mathematics from mit in 1959 for his thesis on the solution of the differential equations of conical shells advisor eric reissner 6 he taught at mit from 1954 to 1958 5 mcilroy joined bell laboratories in 1958 from 1965 to 1986 was head of its computing techniques research department the birthplace of the unix operating system and thereafter was distinguished member of technical staff 5 from 1967 to 1968 mcilroy also served as a visiting lecturer at oxford university 5 in 1997 mcilroy retired from bell labs and took a position as an adjunct professor in the dartmouth college computer science department 5 he has previously served the association for computing machinery as national lecturer turing award chairman member of the publications planning committee and associate editor for the communications of the acm the journal of the acm and acm transactions on programming languages and systems he also served on the executive committee of csnet 5 research and contributions edit macro processors edit mcilroy is considered to be a pioneer of macro processors 7 8 9 in 1959 together with douglas e eastwood of bell labs he introduced conditional and recursive macros into popular sap assembler 10 creating what is known as macro sap 11 his 1960 paper was also seminal in the area of extending any including high level programming languages through macro processors 7 10 these contributions started the macro language tradition at bell labs everything from l6 and ambit to c 12 mcilroy s macro processing ideas were also the main inspiration for trac macro processor 13 he also coauthored m6 macro processor in fortran iv 14 which was used in altran 15 and later was ported to and included into early versions of unix 16 contributions to unix edit throughout the 1960s and 1970s mcilroy contributed programs for multics such as runoff 17 and unix operating systems such as diff echo tr join and look 16 versions of which are widespread to this day through adoption of the posix standard and unix like operating systems he introduced the idea of unix pipelines 17 he also implemented tmg compiler compiler in pdp 7 and pdp 11 assembly which became the first high level programming language running on unix prompting development and influencing ken thompson s b programming language 17 and stephen johnson s yacc parser generator 18 mcilroy also took over from dennis ritchie compilation of the unix manual as a labor of love particularly he edited volume 1 of the manual pages for version 7 unix 19 according to sandy fraser the fact that there was a manual that he mcilroy insisted on a high standard for the manual meant that he insisted on a high standard for every one of the programs that was documented 20 computer language design edit mcilroy influenced the design and implementation of snobol programming language his string manipulation macros were used extensively in the initial snobol implementation of 1962 and figured prominently in subsequent work eventually leading to its machine independent implementation language sil the table type associative array was added to snobol4 on mcilroy s insistence in 1969 21 in 1960s he participated in the design of pl i programming language 4 22 he was a member of the ibm share committee that designed the language 23 and together with robert morris wrote the early pl i epl compiler in tmg for the multics project 24 25 around 1965 mcilroy together with w stanley brown implemented the original version of altran programming language for ibm 7094 computers 15 10 mcilroy has also made a significant influence on design of the programming language c e g he proposed the stream output operator 26 algorithms edit in the 1990s mcilroy worked on improving sorting techniques particularly he co authored an optimized qsort with jon bentley 27 in 1969 he contributed an efficient algorithm to generate all spanning trees in a graph first discovered by george j minty in 1965 10 28 darwin edit in 1961 together with victor a vyssotsky and robert morris mcilroy co created darwin the first programming game on an ibm 7090 at bell labs 29 awards and recognition edit in 1995 he was elected as a fellow of the american association for the advancement of science 30 in 2004 he won both the usenix lifetime achievement award the flame 31 and its software tools user group stug award 1 in 2006 he was elected as a member of the national academy of engineering 32 views on computing edit mcilroy is attributed the quote the real hero of programming is the one who writes negative code 33 where the meaning of negative code is taken to be similar to the famous apple developer bill atkinson team anecdote 34 i e when a change in a program source makes the number of lines of code decrease negative code while its overall quality readability or speed improves see also edit homoiconicity references edit 1 2 stug award usenix december 6 2011 retrieved february 5 2020 bown rodney l ed june 2 5 1986 first international conference on ada r programming language applications for the nasa space station volume 2 nasa tm 101202 pdf mcilroy malcolm douglas january 1969 mass produced software components pdf software engineering report of a conference sponsored by the nato science committee garmisch germany 7 11 oct 1968 scientific affairs division nato p 79 1 2 endres albert rombach h dieter 2003 a handbook of software and systems engineering empirical observations laws and theories pearson education p 327 1 2 3 4 5 6 douglas mcilroy hopl online historical encyclopaedia of programming languages m douglas malcolm mcilroy mathematics genealogy project retrieved february 7 2020 1 2 layzell p 1985 the history of macro processors in programming language extensibility the computer journal 28 1 29 33 doi 10 1093 comjnl 28 1 29 david walden 2014 macro memories 1964 2013 pdf tugboat 35 1 krishnamurthi shriram felleisen matthias duba bruce f 2000 from macros to reusable generative programming pdf in czarnecki krzysztof eisenecker ulrich w eds generative and component based software engineering lecture notes in computer science vol 1799 berlin heidelberg springer pp 105 120 doi 10 1007 3 540 40048 6_9 isbn 978 3 540 40048 6 s2cid 2576063 archived from the original pdf on november 25 2004 1 2 3 4 holbrook bernard d brown w stanley computing science technical report no 99 a history of computing research at bell laboratories 1937 1975 bell labs retrieved february 2 2020 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link macro sap macro compiler modification of sap hopl online historical encyclopaedia of programming languages archived from the original on august 13 2008 bell sap sap with conditional and recursive macros hopl online historical encyclopaedia of programming languages archived from the original on august 21 2007 mooers c n deutsch l p 1965 trac a text handling language proceeding acm 65 proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference pp 229 246 doi 10 1145 800197 806048 s2cid 40013081 cole a j 1981 macro processors 2nd revised ed cup archive p 254 1 2 hall a d the altran system for rational function manipulation a survey communications of the acm 14 8 517 521 august 1971 1 2 mcilroy m d 1987 a research unix reader annotated excerpts from the programmer s manual 1971 1986 pdf technical report computing science at t bell laboratories 139 1 2 3 ritchie dennis m 1984 the evolution of the unix time sharing system at t bell laboratories technical journal 63 6 part 2 1577 93 doi 10 1002 j 1538 7305 1984 tb00054 x archived from the original on may 6 2010 as pdf johnson stephen c 1975 yacc yet another compiler compiler technical report murray hill new jersey at t bell laboratories 32 retrieved january 31 2020 dzonsons kristaps schwarze ingo history of unix manpages practical unix manuals the creation of the unix operating system bell labs archived from the original on september 14 2004 griswold ralph 1978 a history of the snobol programming languages acm sigplan notices 13 8 acm 275 308 doi 10 1145 960118 808393 issn 0362 1340 s2cid 5413577 lawson harold bromberg howard june 12 1997 the world s first cobol compilers archived from the original on june 4 2004 michael s mahoney august 18 1989 interview with m d mcilroy princeton edu murray hill r a frieburghouse the multics pl 1 compiler multicians org tom van vleck ed the choice of pl i multicians org stroustrup bjarne a history of c 1979 1991 pdf jon l bentley m douglas mcilroy november 1993 engineering a sort function software practice experience 23 11 narsingh deo 1974 graph theory with applications to engineering and computer science prentice hall p 480 ramón jiménez héctor january 21 2016 platform for massive multiplayer programming games bachelor thesis polytechnic university of catalonia p 5 retrieved august 27 2026 in 1961 victor vyssotsky a mathematician and computer scientist working at bell labs along with robert morris sr and doug mcilroy created darwin 23 the first programming game elected fellows listing of fellows who are current members aaas org american association for the advancement of science flame award usenix december 6 2011 retrieved february 5 2020 dr m douglas mcilroy nae edu national academy of engineering retrieved february 5 2020 these quotes were heard during a talk he gave to the dlslug 12 3 09 macpaint and quickdraw source code computer history museum july 18 2010 further reading edit brock david c mcilroy malcom d september 30 2019 mcilroy malcom doug douglas oral history part 1 of 2 computer history museum p 59 brock david c mcilroy malcom d november 6 2019 mcilroy malcom doug douglas oral history part 2 of 2 computer history museum p 52 external links edit wikiquote has quotations related to doug mcilroy bell labs archived homepage at bell labs mcilroy s history of unix speech audio includes many autobiographical notes along with discussion of many of the major unix authors cs dartmouth edu doug mcilroy s homepage biography publications by m d mcilroy doug mcilroy facts ancestry of linux ancestry of linux how the fun began archived 2020 08 03 at the wayback machine presentation november 2005 presentation archived 2020 08 02 at the wayback machine audio archived 2020 08 02 at the wayback machine video code google com original unix spell source code written by doug mcilroy v t e multics developer mit bell labs general electric honeywell groupe bull people david d clark fernando j corbató monte davidoff peter j denning jack dennis stuart feldman robert m graham bernard greenberg douglas mcilroy robert morris peter g neumann joe ossanna michael a padlipsky dennis ritchie jerry saltzer glenda schroeder michael schroeder richard soley ken thompson tom van vleck victor a vyssotsky software space travel maclisp macsyma multics emacs multics relational data store multics like systems domain os general comprehensive operating system george icl vme multiple console time sharing system primos stratus vos related project mac compatible time sharing system predecessor category v t e timelines of computing computing before 1950 1950 1979 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s scientific women in computing computer science algorithms artificial intelligence binary prefixes cryptography machine learning quantum computing and communication software free and open source software hypertext technology operating systems dos family windows linux programming languages virtualization development malware internet internet conflicts web browsers web search engines notable people kathleen antonelli john vincent atanasoff charles babbage john backus jean bartik george boole vint cerf john cocke stephen cook edsger w dijkstra j presper eckert douglas engelbart adele goldstine lois haibt betty holberton margaret hamilton tony hoare grace hopper david a huffman bob kahn alan kay brian kernighan andrew koenig semyon korsakov donald knuth joseph kruskal nancy leveson ada lovelace douglas mcilroy marlyn meltzer john von neumann klára dán von neumann dennis ritchie guido van rossum claude shannon frances spence bjarne stroustrup ruth teitelbaum ken thompson linus torvalds alan turing paul vixie larry wall stephen wolfram niklaus wirth steve wozniak konrad zuse authori...