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Text of the page (random words):
ways is granted based on a set of conditions being met and drivers are required to follow the established road and traffic laws in the location they are driving the word driving has etymology dating back to the 15th century its meaning has changed from primarily driving working animals in the 15th century to automobiles in the 19th century driving skills have also developed since the 15th century with physical mental and safety skills being required to drive this evolution of the skills required to drive have been accompanied by the introduction of driving laws which relate not only to the driver but also to the driveability of a car the term driver originated in the 15th century referring to the occupation of driving working animals such as pack or draft horses it later applied to electric railway drivers in 1889 and motor car drivers in 1896 the world s first long distance road trip by automobile was in 1888 when bertha benz drove a benz patent motorwagen from mannheim to pforzheim germany driving requires both physical and mental skills as well as an understanding of the rules of the road in many countries drivers must pass practical and theoretical driving tests to obtain a driving license physical skills required for driving include proper hand placement gear shifting pedal operation steering braking and operation of ancillary devices mental skills involve hazard awareness decision making evasive maneuvering and understanding vehicle dynamics distractions altered states of consciousness and certain medical conditions can impair a driver s mental skills safety concerns in driving include poor road conditions low visibility texting while driving speeding impaired driving sleep deprived driving and reckless driving laws regarding driving driver licensing and vehicle registration vary between jurisdictions most countries have laws against driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs many jurisdictions use point systems for driver s licenses to track offenses and maintain road safety a modern data driven counterpart in the commercial and insurance sectors is driver scoring which uses telematics to monitor and evaluate driving behavior the world health organization estimates that 1 19 million people are killed annually as a result of road traffic accidents as of 2023 it is the leading cause of death for people aged 5 to 29 1 a driver is the name of someone who drives vehicles etymology edit further information coachman and chauffeur the origin of the term driver as recorded from the 15th century refers to the occupation of driving working animals especially pack horses or draft horses the verb to drive in origin means to force to move to impel by physical force it is first recorded of electric railway drivers in 1889 and of a motor car driver in 1896 early alternatives were motorneer 2 motor man motor driver or motorist french favors conducteur the english equivalent conductor being used from the 1830s not of the driver but of the person in charge of passengers and collecting fares while german influenced areas adopted fahrer used of coach drivers in the 18th century but shortened about 1900 from the compound kraftwagenfahrer and the verbs führen lenken steuern all with a meaning steer guide navigate translating to conduire introduction of the automobile edit in 1899 an automobile was driven to the summit of mount washington new hampshire for the first time the world s first long distance road trip by automobile was in august 1888 when bertha benz wife of benz patent motorwagen inventor karl benz drove 66 mi 106 km from mannheim to pforzheim germany and returned in the third experimental benz motor car which had a maximum speed of 10 mph 16 km h with her two teenage sons richard and eugen but without the consent and knowledge of her husband 3 4 5 she had said she wanted to visit her mother but also intended to generate publicity for her husband s invention which had only been taken on short test drives before 6 in 1899 f o stanley and his wife flora drove their stanley steamer automobile sometimes called a locomobile to the summit of mount washington in new hampshire in the united states to generate publicity for their automobile 7 the 7 6 mile 12 2 km journey took over two hours not counting time to add more water the descent was accomplished by putting the engine in low gear and much braking 7 driving skills edit driving a bus in traffic driving in traffic involves both mechanical vehicle operation and the application of traffic laws to regulate sharing of roadway with fellow drivers it generally requires vehicle handling skills and adherence to road safety regulations although direct operation of a bicycle and a mounted animal are commonly referred to as riding such operators are legally considered drivers and are required to obey the rules of the road driving over a long distance is referred to as a road trip in many countries knowledge of the rules of the road both practical and theoretical is assessed with one or more driving tests and those who pass are issued a driver s license physical skill edit control direction acceleration and deceleration a driver must have physical skills to be able to control direction acceleration and deceleration for motor vehicles the detailed tasks include 8 proper hand placement and seating position starting the vehicle s engine with the starting system and ignition switch setting the transmission to the correct gear depressing the pedals with one s feet to accelerate slow and stop the vehicle and if the vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission to modulate the clutch steering the vehicle s direction with the steering wheel applying brake pressure to slow or stop the vehicle operating other important ancillary devices such as the indicators headlights parking brake and windshield wipers speed and skid control mental skill edit observing the environment driving in a snowy condition can pose serious hazards the snow affects the dynamics of the car avoiding or successfully handling an emergency driving situation can involve the following skills 9 observing the environment for road signs driving conditions and hazards awareness of surroundings especially in heavy and city traffic making good and quick decisions based on factors such as road and traffic conditions evasive maneuvering understanding vehicle dynamics left and right hand traffic distracted driving with a cell phone restrictions on cell phone usage vary some u s jurisdictions require electronic devices to be placed in a hands free mount in order to be used while driving and some disallow specifically the act of texting driver distraction is a significant risk factor in traffic it occurs when attention is diverted away from activities needed for safe driving towards a competing activity 10 distractions can compromise a driver s mental skills as can any altered state of consciousness one study on the subject of mobile phones and driving safety concluded that after controlling for driving difficulty and time on task drivers talking on a phone exhibited greater impairment than drivers who were suffering from alcohol intoxication 11 in the united states according to the national highway traffic safety administration it is estimated that 537 946 drivers used their cell phones while driving during daylight hours as of 2024 12 another survey indicated that music could adversely affect a driver s concentration 13 seizure disorders and alzheimer s disease are among the leading medical causes of mental impairment among drivers in the united states and europe 14 whether or not physicians should be allowed or even required to report such conditions to state authorities remains highly controversial 14 safety edit safety is always the most important thing safety issues in driving include driving in poor road conditions and low visibility texting while driving speeding drug impaired driving and driving under the influence distracted driving sleep deprived driving reckless driving and street racing teenagers edit there is a high rate of injury and death caused by motor vehicle accidents that involve teenage drivers 15 there is evidence that the less teenagers drive the risk of injury drops 15 there is a lack of evidence as to whether educational interventions to promote active transport and share information about the risks cost and stresses involved with driving are effective at reducing or delaying car driving in the teenage years 15 driveability edit driveability of a vehicle means the smooth delivery of power as demanded by the driver typical causes of driveability degradation are rough idling misfiring surging hesitation or insufficient power 16 driving laws edit drivers are subject to the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are driving international conventions edit some jurisdictions submit to some or all of the requirements of the geneva convention on road traffic of 1949 17 additionally the vienna convention on road signs and signals standardises road signs traffic lights and road markings to improve safety local driving laws edit driver s license from spain spanish driving licenses use a point system the rules of the road driver licensing and vehicle registration schemes vary considerably between jurisdictions as do laws imposing criminal responsibility for negligent driving vehicle safety inspections and compulsory insurance most countries also have differing laws against driving while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs aggressive driving and road rage have become problems for drivers in some areas some countries require annual renewal of the driver s license this may require getting through another driving test or vision screening test to get recertified 18 also some countries use a points system for the driver s license both techniques annual renewal with tests points system may or may not improve road safety compared to when the driver is not continuously or annually evaluated 19 ownership and insurance edit car ownership does not require a driver s license at all as such even with a withdrawn driver s license former drivers are still legally allowed to possess a car and thus have access to it in the usa between 1993 and 1997 13 8 of all drivers involved in fatal crashes had no driver s license 20 in some countries such as the uk the car itself needs have a certificate that proves the vehicle is safe and roadworthy also it needs to have a minimum of third party insurance 21 driver training edit drivers may be required to take lessons with an approved driving instructor or are strongly encouraged to do so and must pass a driving test before being granted a license almost all countries allow all adults with good vision and health to apply to take a driving test and if successful to drive on public roads in many countries even after passing one s driving test new drivers are initially subject to special restrictions under graduated driver licensing rules for example in australia novice drivers are required to carry p provisional plates 22 while in new zealand it is called restricted r 23 many u s states now issue graduated drivers licenses to novice minors while graduated driver licensing rules vary between jurisdictions typical restrictions include newly licensed minors not being permitted to drive or operate a motorized vehicle at night or with a passenger other than family members zero blood alcohol and limited power to weight ratio of the vehicle 24 driving bans edit it is possible for a driver to be suspended or disqualified banned from driving either for a short time or permanently this is usually in response to a serious traffic offence for example causing death due to drunk driving repeated minor traffic offences for example accruing too many demerit points for speeding or for a specific medical condition which prevents driving pending a future assessment for example a traumatic brain injury some jurisdictions implement road space rationing where vehicles are banned from driving on certain days depending on a variety of criteria most commonly the letters and digits in their vehicle registration plate a few countries banned women driving in the past in oman women were not allowed to drive until 1970 25 in saudi arabia women were not issued driving licenses until 2018 saudi women had periodically staged driving protests against these restrictions and in september 2017 the saudi government agreed to lift the ban which went into effect in june 2018 26 see also edit hands free driving professional driver references edit global status report on road safety 2023 report world health organization december 13 2023 retrieved june 20 2026 cite report cs1 maint date and year link century dictionary 1891 the first road trip pdf archived from the original pdf on 2021 04 30 retrieved 2011 05 15 archived at ghostarchive and the wayback machine making of carl bertha film 8 may 2011 via www youtube com gps download outbound trip the car is born documentary 1 2 jensen christopher june 17 2011 taming a mountain road with horses and cars the new york times retrieved 2011 09 29 that was the day that f o stanley and his wife flora decided it would be good publicity for their steam powered stanley locomobile if it were the first car to be driven up the 7 6 mile mount washington carriage road getting moving driving test advice archived from the original on 2009 03 16 think driving is all about practical skills easy to drive archived from the original on 2008 01 17 european commission 2022 road safety thematic report driver distraction european road safety bservatory brussels european commission directorate general for transport strayer david drews frank crouch dennis 2003 fatal distraction a comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver pdf university of utah department of psychology archived from the original pdf on 2009 04 11 driver electronic device use in 2024 national center for statistics and analysis national highway traffic safety administration april 2026 retrieved june 20 2026 hard rock and classic music could lead to road accidents new survey says infoniac com 1 2 appel jacob 2009 06 01 must physicians report impaired driving rethinking a duty on a collision course with itself the journal of clinical ethics 20 2 136 140 doi 10 1086 jce200920204 issn 1046 7890 pmid 19554818 s2cid 43453501 1 2 3 ward aimee lewis sharon r weiss harold 2020 08 16 mobility management to prevent reduce or delay driving a car in teenagers the cochrane database of systematic reviews 2020 8 cd009438 doi 10 1002 14651858 cd009438 pub2 issn 1469 493x pmc 8094927 pmid 32799320 state of california air resources board pdf archived from the original pdf on 2008 09 10 geneva convention on road traffic 1949 pdf assessing the fitness to drive mobility and transport european commission october 17 2016 desapriya e wijeratne h subzwari s babul wellar s turcotte k rajabali f kinney j pike i 2011 desapriya ediriweera ed vision scre...