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on the first earth day included educational lectures given by experts in various environmental fields garbage and litter pick up by students along city roads and highways and tree plantings to replace the trees killed by dutch elm disease 146 147 history of the equinox earth day march 20 the equinoctial earth day is celebrated on the march equinox around march 20 to mark the arrival of astronomical spring in the northern hemisphere and of astronomical autumn in the southern hemisphere an equinox in astronomy is that point in time not a whole day when the sun is directly above the earth s equator occurring around march 20 and september 23 each year in most cultures the equinoxes and solstices are considered to start or separate the seasons although weather patterns evolve earlier john mcconnell 148 first introduced the idea of a global holiday called earth day at the 1969 unesco conference on the environment the first earth day proclamation was issued by san francisco mayor joseph alioto on march 21 1970 celebrations were held in various cities such as san francisco and in davis california with a multi day street party un secretary general u thant supported mcconnell s global initiative to celebrate this annual event and on february 26 1971 he signed a proclamation to that effect saying 149 may there be only peaceful and cheerful earth days to come for our beautiful spaceship earth as it continues to spin and circle in frigid space with its warm and fragile cargo of animate life united nations secretary general kurt waldheim observed earth day with similar ceremonies on the march equinox in 1972 and the united nations earth day ceremony has continued each year since on the day of the march equinox the united nations also works with organizers of the april 22 global event margaret mead added her support for the equinox earth day and in 1978 declared 150 earth day is the first holy day which transcends all national borders yet preserves all geographical integrities spans mountains and oceans and time belts and yet brings people all over the world into one resonating accord is devoted to the preservation of the harmony in nature and yet draws upon the triumphs of technology the measurement of time and instantaneous communication through space earth day draws on astronomical phenomena in a new way which is also the most ancient way by using the vernal equinox the time when the sun crosses the equator making the length of night and day equal in all parts of the earth to this point in the annual calendar earth day attaches no local or divisive set of symbols no statement of the truth or superiority of one way of life over another but the selection of the march equinox makes planetary observance of a shared event possible and a flag that shows the earth as seen from space appropriate kurt waldheim at the moment of the equinox it is traditional to observe earth day by ringing the japanese peace bell which japan donated to the united nations 151 over the years celebrations have occurred in various places worldwide at the same time as the un celebration on march 20 2008 in addition to the ceremony at the united nations ceremonies were held in new zealand and bells were sounded in california vienna paris lithuania tokyo and many other locations the equinox earth day at the un is organized by the earth society foundation 152 earth day ringing the peace bell is celebrated around the world in many towns ringing the peace bell in vienna 153 berlin and elsewhere a memorable event took place at the un in geneva celebrating a minute for peace ringing the japanese shinagawa peace bell with the help of the geneva friendship association and the global youth foundation 154 directly after in deep mourning about the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant catastrophe ten days before besides the spring equinox for the northern hemisphere the observance of the spring equinox for the southern hemisphere in september is of equal importance the international day of peace 155 is celebrated on september 21 and can thus be considered to accord with the original intentions of john mcconnell u thant and others april 22 observances growing eco activism before earth day 1970 in 1968 morton hilbert and the u s public health service organized the human ecology symposium an environmental conference for students to hear from scientists about the effects of environmental degradation on human health 156 this was the beginning of earth day for the next two years hilbert and students worked to plan the first earth day 157 in april 1970 along with a federal proclamation from u s sen gaylord nelson the first earth day was held 158 project survival an early environmentalism awareness education event was held at northwestern university on january 23 1970 this was the first of several events held at university campuses across the united states in the lead up to the first earth day also ralph nader began talking about the importance of ecology in 1970 the 1960s had been a very dynamic period for ecology in the us pre 1960 grassroots activism against ddt in nassau county new york and widespread opposition to open air nuclear weapons tests with their global nuclear fallout had inspired rachel carson to write her influential bestseller silent spring 1962 significance of april 22 global selfie earth day april 22 2014 nelson chose the date to maximize participation on college campuses for what he conceived as an environmental teach in he determined the week of april 19 25 was the best bet as it did not fall during exams or spring breaks 159 moreover it did not conflict with religious holidays such as easter or passover and was late enough in spring to have decent weather more students were likely to be in class and there would be less competition with other mid week events so he chose wednesday april 22 the day also fell after the anniversary of the birth of noted conservationist john muir the national park service john muir national historic site has a celebration every year on or around earth day april 21 22 or 23 called birthday earth day in recognition of earth day and john muir s contribution to the collective consciousness of environmentalism and conservation 160 161 unbeknownst to nelson 162 april 22 1970 was coincidentally the 100th anniversary of the birth of vladimir lenin when translated to the gregorian calendar which the soviets adopted in 1918 time reported that some suspected the date was not a coincidence but a clue that the event was a communist trick and quoted a member of the daughters of the american revolution as saying subversive elements plan to make american children live in an environment that is good for them 163 j edgar hoover director of the u s federal bureau of investigation may have found the lenin connection intriguing it was alleged the fbi conducted surveillance at the 1970 demonstrations 164 the idea that the date was chosen to celebrate lenin s centenary still persists in some quarters 165 166 an idea borne out by the similarity with the subbotnik instituted by lenin in 1920 as days on which people would have to do community service which typically consisted in removing rubbish from public property and collecting recyclable material subbotniks were also imposed on other countries within the compass of soviet power including eastern europe and at the height of its power the soviet union established a nationwide subbotnik to be celebrated on lenin s birthday april 22 which had been proclaimed a national holiday celebrating communism by nikita khrushchev in 1955 criticisms critics of earth day claim that the environmental movement is a middle class anti business movement that deals in mainstream conservation politics it allegedly overlooks the needs of minorities and the poor who are victims of environmental racism and classism 167 another criticism of earth day is that after so many years its continued repetitious existence promotes the illusion that current human efforts are enough to eliminate future environmental disaster 168 clarification needed see also environment portal 1970 in the environment arbor day carbon footprint earth a song by lil dicky earth anthem earth charter earth hour earth overshoot day earth strike ecology flag environmental politics expo 74 celebrating tomorrow s fresh new environment international day of forests international environmental agreement international mother earth day world soil day ira einhorn live earth pale blue dot politics of global warming world environment day an awareness day of the united nations environment programme unep world water day references 1 2 earth day 2020 what is it and how do people mark it around the world the independent april 21 2020 retrieved february 19 2021 1 billion people are taking part in earth day here are some reasons to be hopeful this year euronews april 20 2022 retrieved march 9 2023 1 2 the 50th anniversary of earth day unites tens of millions of people across the world in action and a multi platform event yahoo april 24 2020 archived from the original on april 22 2021 retrieved february 19 2021 frazier reed april 22 2015 julian koenig well known adman named earth day npr retrieved march 10 2025 1 2 3 labor and environmentalists have been teaming up since the first earth day grist april 2 2010 retrieved april 28 2020 1 2 meet mr earth day the man who helped organize the annual observance time retrieved april 28 2020 1 2 the rumpus interview with earth day organizer denis hayes the rumpus net april 2 2009 retrieved april 28 2020 striepe becky april 21 2013 earth day care2 healthy living care2 com archived from the original on april 23 2013 retrieved april 24 2013 planet vs plastics global theme for earth day 2024 earthday org n d retrieved january 20 2024 staff the bullitt foundation bullitt org archived from the original on august 7 2011 retrieved april 22 2011 the rumpus interview with earth day organizer denis hayes the rumpus net april 17 2020 retrieved april 20 2020 how earth day gave birth to the environmental movement the harvard gazette january 1990 archived from the original on march 28 2010 retrieved april 22 2010 1 2 earth day let s pledge to keep our environment clean says mamata the statesman april 22 2018 1 2 3 4 5 wheeling kate ufberg max april 18 2017 the ocean is boiling the complete oral history of the 1969 santa barbara oil spill pacific standard retrieved may 9 2018 1 2 bastian jonathan april 21 2017 how the 1969 santa barbara oil spill sparked earth day kcrw retrieved may 9 2018 1 2 mcginnes j marc march 1981 environmental law series links campus and community in santa barbara the journal of environmental education 12 3 4 6 bibcode 1981jened 12c 4m doi 10 1080 00958964 1981 10801903 the 1969 santa barbara oil spill that changed oil and gas exploration forever la times boissoneault lorraine the cuyahoga river caught fire at least a dozen times but no one cared until 1969 smithsonian magazine nels on 126 dutton pdf archived from the original pdf on september 26 2021 retrieved march 18 2021 international mother earth day 2021 theme quotes history celebrations s a news april 22 2021 retrieved april 22 2021 researchers and staff desert laboratory on tumamoc hill retrieved july 12 2025 stephen m russell ecology evolutionary biology retrieved july 12 2025 martin tom may 10 2024 martha ames burgess part 4 p b retrieved june 25 2025 via tom martin s oral history project fall bernard 1967 last reflections on a war doubleday isbn 978 0811709040 terri hellenbeck meet the 79 year old man who will oversee vermont s energy future sevendaysvt com retrieved february 19 2021 john schwartz the profoundly radical message of earth day s first organizer the new york times april 20 2020 retrieved february 19 2021 mccloskey s congressional district included stanford where hayes had been student body president the previous year and hayes was friends with fred dutton and with professor paul ehrlich who served on the teach in s governing board 1 2 the first earth day history november 24 2009 retrieved april 22 2021 robertson nan april 22 1970 angry coordinator of earth day new york times garfield bob march 29 1999 ad age advertising century the top 100 campaigns adage com to the careful observer the values that underpinned the vw ads actually were aligned with many of the values of earth day the think small campaign rebutted the industry s preoccupation with conspicuous consumption with what might be termed conspicuous frugality the ads were dismissive of massive v 8 engines tailfins and bushels of chrome they took pride in high mileage low maintenance they viewed cars as transportation not status symbols yardley william june 18 2014 julian koenig who sold americans on beetles and earth day dies at 93 the new york times proquest 1536672646 two new york times ads separated by half a century call millions to action earth day february 1 2020 senator nelson did not initially care for the change and he continued to insist on calling the event environmental teach in through april ultimately however nelson too adopted the new name and later took enormous pride in being termed the father of earth day one consequence of leaving the name in the public domain was that bad actors could use it as well over time major corporate polluters rapacious timber operators oil companies and other bad environmental actors have run their own earth day campaigns often leading to public misperceptions that they are funding or otherwise aligned with the earth day network hamilton had earlier worked for save the children savethechildren org earth day the history of a movement earth day network retrieved august 16 2013 lewis jack november 1985 the birth of epa united states environmental protection agency archived from the original on september 22 2006 yoder kate june 12 2024 how the recycling symbol lost its meaning grist retrieved june 29 2024 about earth day network archived from the original on april 23 2007 retrieved april 15 2013 earth day theme continues in u s antipollution activity goes beyond one day event the new york times history com editors brown v board of education history com october 27 2009 retrieved february 19 2021 history of federal voting rights laws justice gov retrieved february 19 2021 billock jennifer april 22 2018 an organizer of earth day looks back on how it began mental floss the dirty dozen rides again legal planet org retrieved february 19 2021 former congressman pete mccloskey authors new book titled the story of the first earth day how grassroots activism changed the world businesswire com retrieved february 19 2021 doug scott linkedin com retrieved february 19 2021 michigan teach in faces societal issues pdf environmental action vol 1 no 6 march 26 1970 p 2 archived from the original pdf on april 16 2021 retrieved march 18 2021 speakers included senator nelson senator muskie walter reuther ralph nader and barry commoner when michigan students put the car on tri...