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echo vowel wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 languages 2 syllabaries 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents echo vowel add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia paragogic vowel that repeats the final vowel in a word synharmony redirects here for the process affecting proto slavic syllables see history of proto slavic syllable synharmony this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources echo vowel news newspapers books scholar jstor march 2022 learn how and when to remove this message this article contains special characters without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols an echo vowel also known as a synharmonic vowel is a paragogic vowel that repeats the final vowel in a word in speech for example in chumash when a word ends with a glottal stop and comes at the end of an intonation unit the final vowel is repeated after the glottal stop but is whispered and faint as in jaʔḁ for jaʔ arrow written ya languages edit in modern sanskrit echo vowels are often added in pronunciation to the visarga in rukai an austronesian language vowels are pronounced as full vowels but are predictable and disappear when they are under reduplication or when a suffix beginning with a is added to the word rukai echo vowels and phonemic vowels agent focus suffix reduplication echo vowel wa uŋulu uŋul a ara uŋul uŋulu drinks drink don t drink phonemic vowel wa kanə kanə a ara kanə kanə eats eat don t eat similarly in the related uneapa echo vowels are added after a proto oceanic final consonant such as rumaq house rumaka the makassaric languages also occurs the echo vowels with stems ending in final r l or s e g botol bottle is realized as bótolo in selayar and coastal konjo and as bótoloʔ in makassarese the latter regularly adds a glottal stop to the echo vowel this echo vowel is dropped if a suffix is added but retained if followed by an enclitic 1 language stem base with suffix with enclitic makassar lammor lámmor oʔ cheap lammor i lammór i cheapen lammoroʔ i lámmorok i it s cheap lambus lámbus uʔ straight lambus i lambús i straighten up lambusuʔ i lámbusuk i it s straight lambusuʔ aʔ lámbusuk aʔ i am straight selayar lambus lámbus u straight lambus i lambús i straighten up lambusu i lámbusu i it s straight lambusu a lámbusu a i am straight echo vowels have also been reconstructed for proto macro jê 2 syllabaries edit echo vowels are also found in writing especially with syllabaries for example a word kab may be written as if it were kaba and keb would be written as if it were kebe such a system is found in maya with complications depending on the quality of the preceding vowel in linear b such final consonants were simply not written however consonant clusters were separated with echo vowels the city of knossos is written as if it were konoso linear b 𐀒𐀜𐀰 ko no so in ainu some writers write final r with a subscript kana for ra re ri ro or ru depending on the preceding vowel but others use a subscript ru in all cases see also edit paragoge paragogic vowel references edit basri hasan broselow ellen finer daniel 2012 the end of the word in makassar languages pdf in borowsky toni kawahara shigeto sugahara mariko shinya takahito eds prosody matters essays in honor of elisabeth selkirk advances in optimality theory sheffield bristol conn equinox permanent dead link nikulin andrey 2020 proto macro jê um estudo reconstrutivo doctoral dissertation university of brasília chumash glossary retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title echo_vowel oldid 1350137084 categories orthography phonetics hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from march 2022 all articles needing additional references pages with salishan languages ipa pages with plain ipa all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from september 2023 articles with permanently dead external links articles containing mycenaean greek language text this page was last edited on 20 april 2026 at 10 52 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons 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