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ecological impact of explosives wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 magnitude of exposure 2 degradation 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents ecological impact of explosives add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia effects of explosive materials on the environment ecological impacts of explosives are the effects that both unexploded explosives and post explosion by products have on the environment 1 explosive derived contaminants may have adverse effects on the environmental as well as human health in addition to their military use in warfare explosives are also used in construction and demolition of greatest concern to the environment are secondary explosives such as tnt rdx and hmx because they are produced and used in the greatest quantities 2 explosives and their residual post explosion products can partition between multiple environmental compartments including aquatic soil atmosphere and the biosphere 2 3 magnitude of exposure edit explosives have important applications in the military and in both mining and construction work in fact the manufacture of explosives comprises a large amount of the chemical industry 4 in the course of their production handling loading and disposal explosives are released into the environment it is there that they are dispersed by mechanical processes or dissolved or volatilized and partially converted to secondary products 4 over the past 150 years millions of tons of explosives have been produced for military applications and other activities that have led to the accidental contamination of energetic materials in the soil and groundwater 5 exact numbers cannot be obtained and estimations are generally conservative because people make their own bombs which is not a small activity in regions dealing with armed conflict the united states army had estimated that over 1 2 million tons of soils have been contaminated with explosives on their training grounds alone in the year 2004 it was estimated that 2 520 000 metric tons of explosive agents were sold for consumption in the united states alone 6 figure 1 shows the world consumption of explosives in 2008 7 generally explosives are dispersed mainly when used in combat most explosives are used as warfare agents by militaries globally however modern uses for 2 4 6 trinitrotoluene tnt are associated with construction and demolition rather than combat because of its use in construction and demolition it has become perhaps the most widespread explosive and thus its toxicity is the most characterized and reported the concentration of tnt in contaminated soil can reach 50 g kg 1 of soil where the highest concentrations can be found on or near the surface in the last decade the united states environmental protection agency usepa has declared tnt a pollutant whose removal is priority 8 the usepa maintains that tnt levels in soil should not exceed 17 2 gram per kilogram of soil and 0 01 milligrams per liter of water 5 degradation edit explosives and their post explosion by products may be degraded by abiotic processes that include hydrolysis oxidation or photolysis explosives may also be broken down through metabolism by microorganisms 2 see also edit environmental impact of war formerly used defense sites biodegradation advanced oxidation process tnt ecological impact references edit pennington jc brannon jm february 2002 environmental fate of explosives thermochimica acta 384 1 2 163 172 bibcode 2002tcac 384 163p doi 10 1016 s0040 6031 01 00801 2 1 2 3 juhasz al naidu r 2007 explosives fate dynamics and ecological impact in terrestrial and marine environments reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology vol 191 pp 163 215 doi 10 1007 978 0 387 69163 3_6 isbn 978 0 387 69162 6 pmid 17708075 cite book journal ignored help kalderis d juhasz al boopathy r comfort s 2011 soils contaminated with explosives environmental fate and evaluation of state of the art remediation processes iupac technical report pure and applied chemistry 83 7 1407 1484 doi 10 1351 pac rep 10 01 05 1 2 burrows ep rosenblatt dh mitchell wr parmer dl 1989 organic explosives and related compounds environmental and health considerations pdf technical report us army biomedical research and development laboratory archived pdf from the original on december 26 2014 1 2 ayoub k van hullebusch ed cassir m bermond a 2010 application of advanced oxidation processes for tnt removal a review j hazard mater 178 1 3 10 28 doi 10 1016 j jhazmat 2010 02 042 pmid 20347218 kramer d 2004 explosives pdf u s geological survey minerals yearbook 24 1 24 6 chemical industries newsletter ihs global inc 2009 cite journal cite journal requires journal help esteve núñez a caballero a ramos jl 2001 biological degradation of 2 4 6 trinitrotoluene microbiol mol biol rev 65 3 335 52 table of contents doi 10 1128 mmbr 65 3 335 352 2001 pmc 99030 pmid 11527999 v t e human impact on the environment general anthropocene ecological footprint environmental impact assessment environmental issues list of issues human impact prehistoric on marine life list of global issues impact assessment planetary boundaries social ecology ethics causes causes of climate change agriculture animal agriculture cannabis cultivation irrigation meat production cocoa production palm oil us bitcoin ai corporate behavior deforestation and climate change energy industry biofuels biodiesel coal electricity energy fashion fracking us nuclear power oil shale petroleum reservoirs transportation genetic pollution environmental crime explosives industrialisation land use manufacturing cleaning agents concrete fashion plastics nanotechnology paint paper pesticides pharmaceuticals and personal care marine life fishing fishing down the food web marine pollution overfishing mining overconsumption groundwater depletion overexploitation overgrazing particulates pollution quarrying reservoirs tourism transportation aviation rail roads shipping urbanization urban sprawl war effects biodiversity threats biodiversity loss decline in amphibian populations decline in insect populations climate change runaway climate change in the united states defaunation deforestation desertification ecocide ecological crisis effects of climate change on agriculture effects of climate change multiple breadbasket failure effects of climate change on livestock environmental degradation environmental insecurity environmental issues in the united states coral reefs erosion externalities of cars externality forest dieback freshwater cycle greenhouse gas emissions habitat destruction holocene extinction nitrogen cycle land consumption land degradation land surface effects on climate loss and damage climate change loss of green belts ocean acidification ozone depletion phosphorus cycle resource depletion technofossilization tropical cyclones and climate change water degradation water pollution water scarcity mitigation alternative fuel vehicle propulsion bioswale birth control blue roof cleaner production climate change mitigation community resilience cultured meat cycling advocacy decoupling ecological engineering ecological restoration environmental engineering environmental mitigation green building green roof industrial ecology mitigation banking organic farming rainwater harvesting recycling reforestation urban renewable energy reuse sustainability sustainable architecture sustainable consumption sustainable energy sustainable transport urban forest urban forestry waste minimization water conservation category by country assessment mitigation retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ecological_impact_of_explosives oldid 1321258795 categories environmental impact of mining pollutants explosive chemicals hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata cs1 errors periodical ignored cs1 errors missing periodical this page was last edited on 9 november 2025 at 16 10 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia 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