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ecosystem diversity wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 impact 2 examples 3 ecosystem diversity as a result of evolutionary pressure 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents ecosystem diversity 12 languages العربية bosanski esperanto español فارسی bahasa indonesia bahasa melayu português slovenščina தமிழ் українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia diversity and variations in ecosystems the earth has many diverse ecosystems and ecologicalsystem diversity these are nasa composite images of the earth 2001 left 2002 right titled the blue marble ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms biodiversity and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil geodiversity it is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ecological diversity can also take into account the variation in the complexity of a biological community including the number of different niches the number of and other ecological processes an example of ecological diversity on a global scale would be the variation in ecosystems such as deserts forests grasslands wetlands and oceans ecological diversity is the largest scale of biodiversity and within each ecosystem there is a great deal of both species and genetic diversity 1 2 3 4 impact edit diversity in the ecosystem is significant to human existence for a variety of reasons ecosystem diversity boosts the availability of oxygen via the process of photosynthesis amongst plant organisms domiciled in the habitat diversity in an aquatic environment helps in the purification of water by plant varieties for use by humans diversity increases plant varieties which serves as a good source for medicines and herbs for human use a lack of diversity in the ecosystem produces an opposite result 5 examples edit some examples of ecosystems that are rich in diversity are deserts forests large marine ecosystems marine ecosystems old growth forests rainforests tundra coral reefs marine ecosystem diversity as a result of evolutionary pressure edit ecological diversity around the world can be directly linked to the evolutionary and selective pressures that constrain the diversity outcome of the ecosystems within different niches tundras rainforests coral reefs and deciduous forests all are formed as a result of evolutionary pressures even seemingly small evolutionary interactions can have large impacts on the diversity of the ecosystems throughout the world one of the best studied cases of this is of the honeybee s interaction with angiosperms on every continent in the world except antarctica 6 in 2010 robert brodschneider and karl crailsheim conducted a study on the health and nutrition in honeybee colonies the study focused on overall colony health adult nutrition and larva nutrition as a function of the effect of pesticides monocultures and genetically modified crops to see if the anthropogenically created problems can have an effect pollination levels 7 the results indicate that human activity does have a role in the destruction of the fitness of the bee colony the extinction or near extinction of these pollinators would result in many plants that feed humans on a wide scale needing alternative pollination methods 8 crop pollinating insects are worth annually 14 6 billion to the us economy 9 and the cost to hand pollinate over insect pollination is estimated to cost 5 715 7 135 more per hectare not only will there be a cost increase but also a decrease in colony fitness leading to a decrease in genetic diversity which studies have shown has a direct link to the long term survival of the honeybee colonies 10 11 according to a study there are over 50 plants that are dependent on bee pollination many of these being key staples to feeding the world 12 another study conducted states that a lack of plant diversity will lead to a decline in the bee population fitness and a low bee colony fitness has impacts on the fitness of plant ecosystem diversity 13 by allowing for bee pollination and working to reduce anthropogenically harmful footprints bee pollination can increase genetic diversity of flora growth and create a unique ecosystem that is highly diverse and can provide a habitat and niche for many other organisms to thrive 14 due to the evolutionary pressures of bees being located on six out of seven continents there can be no denying the impact of pollinators on the ecosystem diversity the pollen collected by the bees is harvested and used as an energy source for wintertime this act of collecting pollen from local plants also has a more important effect of facilitating the movement of genes between organisms 15 the new evolutionary pressures that are largely anthropogenically catalyzed can potentially cause widespread collapse of ecosystems in the north atlantic sea a study was conducted that followed the effects of the human interaction on surrounding ocean habitats they found that there was no habitat or trophic level that in some way was affected negatively by human interaction and that much of the diversity of life was being stunted as a result 16 see also edit environment portal ecology portal earth sciences portal bioregion disparity ecology ecology evolutionary biology genetic diversity nature natural environment species diversity sustainable development references edit cunningham margaret what is biodiversity definition and relation to ecosystem stability study com dsst environment humanity study guide test prep retrieved 29 april 2015 brenda wilmoth lerner k lee lerner eds 2009 ecosystems environmental science in context in context series vol 1 detroit gale pp 242 246 isbn 978 1 4103 3754 2 oclc 277051356 purdy elizabeth 2012 ecosystems in s george philander ed encyclopedia of global warming climate change vol 1 2nd ed thousand oaks ca sage reference pp 485 487 doi 10 4135 9781452218564 isbn 978 1 4129 9261 9 brenda wilmoth lerner k lee lerner eds 2009 ecosystem diversity environmental science in context in context series vol 1 detroit gale pp 239 241 isbn 978 1 4103 3754 2 oclc 277051356 naveh z 1994 09 01 from biodiversity to ecodiversity a landscape ecology approach to conservation and restoration restoration ecology 2 3 180 189 bibcode 1994resec 2 180n doi 10 1111 j 1526 100x 1994 tb00065 x issn 1526 100x dray tammy on what continents are bees not found pets on mom retrieved 2018 10 31 brodschneider robert 2010 nutrition and health in honey bees pdf apidologie 41 3 278 294 doi 10 1051 apido 2010012 s2cid 40046635 bee pollination and technology mission 2015 biodiversity mit retrieved 2018 11 30 goulson dave 2 october 2012 decline of bees forces china s apple farmers to pollinate by hand china dialogue retrieved 2018 10 31 genetic diversity key to survival of honey bee colonies sciencedaily 17 june 2013 retrieved 2018 10 31 tarpy david r vanengelsdorp dennis pettis jeffrey s 2013 genetic diversity affects colony survivorship in commercial honey bee colonies naturwissenschaften 100 8 723 728 bibcode 2013nw 100 723t doi 10 1007 s00114 013 1065 y issn 0028 1042 pmid 23728203 s2cid 253636199 pollination and bee plants pdf 1998 archived from the original pdf on 30 september 2007 retrieved 31 october 2018 excerpted from beekeeper s handbook sammataro avitabile hays brooks 22 august 2018 plant biodiversity essential to bee health upi united press international retrieved 2018 10 31 tucker jessica 2014 06 17 why bees are important to our planet one green planet retrieved 2018 10 31 liu min compton stephen g peng fo en zhang jian chen xiao yong 2015 06 07 movements of genes between populations are pollinators more effective at transferring their own or plant genetic markers proceedings of the royal society b biological sciences 282 1808 20150290 doi 10 1098 rspb 2015 0290 issn 0962 8452 pmc 4455804 pmid 25948688 lotze heike k milewski inka october 2004 two centuries of multiple human impacts and successive changes in a north atlantic food web ecological applications 14 5 1428 1447 bibcode 2004ecoap 14 1428l doi 10 1890 03 5027 hdl 10222 29280 issn 1051 0761 1 v t e ecology modelling ecosystems trophic components general abiotic component abiotic stress behaviour biogeochemical cycle biomass biotic component biotic stress carrying capacity competition ecosystem ecosystem ecology ecosystem model green world hypothesis keystone species list of feeding behaviours metabolic theory of ecology productivity resource restoration producers autotrophs chemosynthesis chemotrophs foundation species kinetotrophs mixotrophs myco heterotrophy mycotroph organotrophs photoheterotrophs photosynthesis photosynthetic efficiency phototrophs primary nutritional groups primary production consumers apex predator bacterivore carnivores chemoorganotroph foraging generalist and specialist species intraguild predation herbivores heterotroph heterotrophic nutrition insectivore mesopredators mesopredator release hypothesis omnivores optimal foraging theory planktivore predation prey switching decomposers chemoorganoheterotrophy decomposition detritivores detritus microorganisms archaea bacteriophage lithoautotroph lithotrophy marine microbial cooperation microbial ecology microbial food web microbial intelligence microbial loop mycoloop microbial mat microbial metabolism phage ecology food webs biomagnification ecological efficiency ecological pyramid energy flow food chain trophic level example webs lakes rivers soil tritrophic interactions in plant defense marine food webs cold seeps hydrothermal vents intertidal kelp forests north pacific gyre san francisco estuary tide pool processes ascendency bioaccumulation cascade effect climax community competitive exclusion principle consumer resource interactions copiotrophs dominance ecological network ecological succession energy quality energy systems language f ratio feed conversion ratio feeding frenzy mesotrophic soil nutrient cycle oligotroph paradox of the plankton trophic cascade trophic mutualism trophic state index defense counter animal coloration anti predator adaptations camouflage deimatic behaviour herbivore adaptations to plant defense mimicry plant defense against herbivory predator avoidance in schooling fish v t e ecology modelling ecosystems other components population ecology abundance allee effect consumer resource model depensation ecological yield effective population size intraspecific competition logistic function malthusian growth model maximum sustainable yield overpopulation overexploitation population cycle population dynamics population modeling population size predator prey lotka volterra equations recruitment small population size stability resilience resistance random generalized lotka volterra model species biodiversity density dependent inhibition ecological effects of biodiversity ecological extinction endemic species flagship species gradient analysis indicator species introduced species invasive species native species latitudinal gradients in species diversity minimum viable population neutral theory occupancy abundance relationship population viability analysis priority effect rapoport s rule relative abundance distribution relative species abundance species diversity species homogeneity species richness species distribution species area curve umbrella species species interaction antibiosis biological interaction commensalism community ecology ecological facilitation interspecific competition mutualism parasitism storage effect symbiosis spatial ecology biogeography cross boundary subsidy ecocline ecotone ecotype disturbance edge effects foster s rule habitat fragmentation ideal free distribution intermediate disturbance hypothesis insular biogeography land change modeling landscape ecology landscape epidemiology landscape limnology metapopulation patch dynamics r k selection theory resource selection function source sink dynamics niche ecological trap ecosystem engineer environmental niche modelling guild habitat marine semiaquatic terrestrial limiting similarity niche apportionment models niche construction niche differentiation ontogenetic niche shift other networks assembly rules bateman s principle bioluminescence ecological collapse ecological debt ecological deficit ecological energetics ecological indicator ecological threshold ecosystem diversity emergence extinction debt kleiber s law liebig s law of the minimum marginal value theorem thorson s rule xerosere other allometry alternative stable state balance of nature biological data visualization ecological economics ecological footprint ecological forecasting ecological humanities ecological stoichiometry ecopath ecosystem based fisheries endolith evolutionary ecology functional ecology industrial ecology macroecology microecosystem natural environment regime shift sexecology systems ecology urban ecology theoretical ecology outline of ecology loreau michel 2010 01 12 linking biodiversity and ecosystems towards a unifying ecological theory philosophical transactions of the royal society b biological sciences 365 1537 49 60 doi 10 1098 rstb 2009 0155 issn 0962 8436 pmc 2842700 pmid 20008385 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ecosystem_diversity oldid 1378614962 categories biodiversity systems ecology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 5 october 2026 at 06 31 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents ecosystem diversity 12 languages add 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