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rations toggle role and operations subsection 2 1 air force test center 2 1 1 412th test wing 2 2 associate units 2 2 1 31st test and evaluation squadron tail code ot 2 2 2 air force operational test and evaluation center detachment 1 2 2 3 air force operational test and evaluation center detachment 5 2 2 4 air force plant 42 production flight test installation 2 2 5 nasa armstrong flight research center 2 2 6 air force rocket research laboratory 2 2 7 other units and further details 3 based units toggle based units subsection 3 1 united states air force 3 2 united states navy 3 3 nasa 3 4 national geospatial intelligence agency 3 5 royal air force 3 6 royal netherlands air force 4 infrastructure and facilities 5 previous names 6 major commands to which assigned 7 major units assigned 8 geography toggle geography subsection 8 1 environmental concerns 9 demographics toggle demographics subsection 9 1 2020 census 9 2 2010 census 10 education 11 state and federal representation 12 see also 13 references 14 bibliography 15 external links toggle the table of contents edwards air force base 44 languages العربية مصرى asturianu български català cebuano čeština dansk deutsch español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego گیلکی עברית hrvatski magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 qaraqalpaqsha 한국어 lëtzebuergesch नेपाल भाषा nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål diné bizaad polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina српски srpski svenska türkçe українська اردو yorùbá 閩南語 bân lâm gí 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 34 54 20 n 117 53 01 w 34 90556 n 117 88361 w 34 90556 117 88361 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from edwards afb california us air force base in california edwards air force base near lancaster california in the united states an f 35 lightning ii of the 461st flight test squadron taking off at edwards air force base site information type us air force base owner department of defense operator us air force controlled by air force materiel command condition operational website www edwards af mil location edwards afb location within california show map of california edwards afb location within the united states show map of the united states coordinates 34 54 20 n 117 53 01 w 34 90556 n 117 88361 w 34 90556 117 88361 site history built 1933 1933 as muroc bombing and gunnery range in use 1933 present garrison information current commander thomas m tauer garrison 412th test wing airfield information identifiers iata edw icao kedw faa lid edw wmo 723810 elevation 704 3 metres 2 311 ft amsl runways direction length and surface 05r 23l 4 579 3 metres 15 024 ft concrete 05l 23r 3 657 6 metres 12 000 ft concrete 07 25 2 438 4 metres 8 000 ft south base 06 24 1 828 1 metres 5 998 ft asphalt other airfield facilities 1x v stol pad source federal aviation administration 1 2 edwards air force base afb iata edw icao kedw faa lid edw is a united states air force installation in california most of the base sits in kern county but its eastern end is in san bernardino county and a southern arm is in los angeles county the hub of the base is edwards california established in the 1930s as muroc field the facility was renamed muroc army airfield and then muroc air force base before its final renaming in 1950 for world war ii usaaf veteran and test pilot capt glen edwards 3 edwards is the home of the air force test center air force test pilot school and nasa s armstrong flight research center it is the air force materiel command center for conducting and supporting research and development of flight as well as testing and evaluating aerospace systems from concept to combat it also hosts many test activities conducted by america s commercial aerospace industry notable occurrences at edwards include chuck yeager s flight that broke the sound barrier in the bell x 1 4 test flights of the north american x 15 4 the first landings of the space shuttle 5 and the 1986 around the world flight of the rutan voyager history edit origins edit a water stop on the santa fe railroad since 1882 the site was largely unsettled until the early 20th century in 1910 ralph clifford and effie corum built a homestead on the edge of rogers dry lake the corums proved instrumental in attracting other settlers and building infrastructure in the area and when a post office was commissioned for the area they named it muroc a reversal of the corum name due to the presence of a town named coram elsewhere in california 6 7 conscious that march field was located in an area of increasing growth in riverside county and with the need for bombing and gunnery ranges for his units base and 1st wing commander lieutenant colonel henry h hap arnold began the process of acquiring land next to muroc dry lake for a new bombing range away from populated areas in august 1932 the last tract was not acquired until 1939 the facility established to support the range initially called mohave field for the nearby community of mohave was muroc field 6 in october 1935 five men under a sergeant folgleman were sent to the area from march field they put out circular bombing targets in the desert for the next two years aircraft shuttled back and forth between muroc dry lake and march field for crew bombing practice 8 at this time another colorful character in edwards history pancho barnes built her renowned rancho oro verde fly inn dude ranch that would be the scene of many parties and celebrations to come the dry lake was a hive of hot rodding with racing on the playa the runway on which the space shuttle landed follows the route that hosted racing in the 1930s 6 the first major aerial activity occurred at muroc in 1937 when the entire army air corps participated in a large scale maneuver from then on the bombing range grew in size 8 when arnold became chief of the air corps in 1938 the service was given a renewed focus on research and development muroc field drew attention because the nearby dry lake was so flat arnold described it as level as a billiard table that it could serve as a giant runway ideal for flight testing over us 120 million was spent to develop the base in the 1940s and expand it to 301 000 acres 470 sq mi 1 220 km 2 the base s main 15 000 foot 4 600 m runway was completed in a single pour of concrete 6 world war ii edit map all coordinates using openstreetmap download coordinates as kml gpx all coordinates gpx primary coordinates gpx secondary coordinates on the afternoon of 7 december 1941 the 41st bombardment group and the 6th reconnaissance squadron moved to muroc from davis monthan army airfield arizona with a collection of douglas b 18 bolos north american b 25 mitchells and an a 29 hudson on christmas eve the 30th bombardment group and the 2d reconnaissance squadron arrived from new orleans army airbase louisiana for crew training on 23 july 1942 the muroc bombing and gunnery range muroc lake california was designated as a separate post exempted status 9 the name of the facility at the time was army air base muroc lake 8 in july 1942 muroc army airfield became a separate airfield from march field and was placed under the jurisdiction of fourth air force throughout the war years the primary mission at muroc was providing final combat training for bomber and fighter aircrews just before overseas deployment among its sub bases and auxiliaries were bishop army airfield 37 22 23 n 118 21 49 w 37 37306 n 118 36361 w 37 37306 118 36361 blythe army airfield 33 37 09 n 114 43 00 w 33 61917 n 114 71667 w 33 61917 114 71667 palmdale army airfield 33 37 43 n 118 05 04 w 33 62861 n 118 08444 w 33 62861 118 08444 desert center army airfield 33 44 52 n 115 19 31 w 33 74778 n 115 32528 w 33 74778 115 32528 gary army airfield 33 40 45 n 114 38 36 w 33 67917 n 114 64333 w 33 67917 114 64333 muroc was initially used for iv bomber command operational unit training the north american b 25 mitchell 41st and 30th bombardment groups and the douglas a 20 havoc 47th bombardment groups trained at the station in early 1942 the training provided newly graduated pilots eight to 12 weeks of training as a team using the same aircraft they would use in combat in 1942 the training mission was transferred to iv fighter command with lockheed p 38 lightning otu training for the 78th and 81st fighter groups in 1943 the 360th fighter group and 382d bombardment groups were assigned permanently to muroc for p 38 lightning and b 24 liberator replacement training rtu of personnel 10 first production p 59a with a p 63 behind in the spring of 1942 the mojave desert station was chosen as a secluded site for testing america s first jet the super secret bell aircraft p 59 airacomet jet fighter the immense volume of flight tests being conducted at wright field in ohio helped drive a search for a new isolated site where a top secret airplane could undergo tests away from prying eyes the urgent need to complete the p 59 program without delay dictated a location with good year round flying weather and the risks inherent in the radical new technology to be demonstrated on the aircraft dictated a spacious landing field after examining a number of locations around the country they selected a site along the north shore of the enormous flat surface of rogers dry lake about six miles away from the training base at muroc 6 lockheed xp 80a gray ghost 1945 ground tests began five days after the first xp 59 arrived on 21 september 1942 first flight took place on 30 september when the xp 59 rose to 10 feet 3 0 m altitude for 0 5 miles 0 80 km during taxi testing however the first official flight was 1 october 1942 with naca navy bureau of aeronautics royal air force army bell and general electric personnel on hand 8 11 77 as with virtually all of the test programs conducted during the war years most of the actual flight test work on the p 59 was conducted by the contractor although army air forces aaf pilots flew the aircraft from time to time and flight test engineers from wright field reviewed the data the formal preliminary military test and evaluation program did not commence until the fall of 1943 a year after the first flight designed to validate the contractor s reports this preliminary evaluation consisted of a very limited number of flights and was essentially completed within a month formal operational suitability and accelerated service tests did not get underway until 1944 well after the aaf had decided that the airplane would not be suitable for combat operations and would instead be relegated to a training role 6 the p 59s were tested at muroc from october 1942 through february 1944 without a single accident and though the aircraft did not prove to be combat worthy the successful conduct of its test program combined with the success of the lockheed xp 80 program which followed it in early 1944 sealed the future destiny of the remote high desert installation muroc would thenceforth become synonymous with the cutting edge of the turbojet revolution in america 6 aircraft testing continued at this desert army air base then on 8 november 1943 the base title was changed to muroc army air field muroc 12 in the fall of 1944 eighth air force ran tests to determine how well conventional fighters stood up against jets also in october 1944 a small detachment arrived at the base for experimental work in rocket firing and achieved such success that they remained through most of 1945 8 other world war ii test flights included the northrop jb 1 bat in 1943 a replica of a japanese cruiser nicknamed muroc maru was constructed in rogers dry lake where it was used for bombing training until 1950 13 postwar era edit chuck yeager next to experimental aircraft bell x 1 1 glamorous glennis 1947 with the end of the war fourth air force relinquished command of muroc army airfield on 16 october 1945 and jurisdiction was transferred to air technical service command becoming air materiel command in 1946 test work on the lockheed p 80 shooting star was the primary mission of the base for the greater part of the fall of 1945 8 the consolidated vultee xp 81 single seat long range escort fighter and republic xp 84 thunderjet fighter arrived at the base in early 1946 for flight testing it was obvious even at this embryonic stage of base development that the army air force desert station was destined to become a proving ground for aircraft and a testing site for experimental airplanes 8 the success of these programs attracted a new type of research activity to the base in late 1946 the rocket powered bell x 1 was the first in a long series of experimental airplanes designed to prove or disprove aeronautical concepts to probe the most challenging unknowns of flight and solve its mysteries 6 further evidence of things to come was experienced on 14 october 1947 when captain charles chuck yeager flew the small bullet shaped airplane to become the first human to exceed the speed of sound 8 northrop yb 49 taking off for the first time on 21 october 1947 four months later on 10 february 1948 muroc aaf was re designated muroc air force base with the establishment of the united states air force as a separate military service units attached or assigned to the base at the time were the 4144th army air force base unit the 3208th strategic bomb test squadron along with communications and weather detachments on 20 august 1948 the 4144th air force base unit was re designated as the 2759th af base unit and with the adoption of the hobson plan as the 2759th experimental wing 8 with the x 1 flight testing at muroc began to assume two distinct identities highly experimental research programs such as the x 3 x 4 x 5 and xf 92a were typically flown in conjunction with the national advisory committee for aeronautics or naca and were conducted in a methodical fashion to answer largely theoretical questions then as now the great bulk of flight testing at muroc focused on evaluations of the capabilities of aircraft and systems proposed for the operational inventory 6 captain glen edwards namesake of the base usaaf veteran and test pilot the base was renamed in edwards honor in 1949 in december 1949 muroc was renamed edwards air force base in honor of captain glen edwards 1918 1948 who was killed a year earlier in the crash of the northrop yb 49 flying wing 6 during world war ii he flew a 20 havoc light attack bombers in the north african campaign on 50 hazardous low level missions against german tanks convoys troops bridges airfields and other tactical targets edwards from alberta canada became a test pilot in 1943 and spent much of his time at muroc army air field on calif...