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polypodiophyta, anthocerotophyta, bryophyta, marchantiophyta, chlorophyta, rhodophyta, supergroup, mongolia, floragreif, tao, wilf, zhou, zhe, kun, august, 2014, 1361, 0002, 9122, issn, 3732, ajb, 1400229, 1350, 101, american, botany, center, herbert, smith, dena, eds, january, 2008, geological, america, 8137, 2435, 1130, spe435, paleontology, friis, else, marie, crane, pedersen, kaj, raunsgaard, 2011, new, york, 521, 59283, sun, naeem, cao, burleigh, chen, 391, jse, 12211, 2016jsyev, 363s, 363, systematics, rosidae, dense, sampling, analysis, heywood, 1978, london, oxford, 217674, december, 1992, archived, original, winrock, international, widely, distributed, fixer, christenhusz, byng, 217, 11646, 2016phytx, 201c, 201, known, annual, increase, 121, 10654, 18083, hdl, 1095, 8339, 00996, 105, 161, linnean, update, orders, iii, widespread, evidence, mcginitie, wardell, ranch, flora, locality, samples, washakie, basin, laney, shale, member, recorded, records, extensive, documentation, 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geny 2 fossil history 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents elaeagnaceae 50 languages العربية مصرى asturianu azərbaycanca تۆرکجه беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская bosanski català cebuano čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français nordfriisk עברית hrvatski hornjoserbsce magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული қазақша 한국어 lietuvių latviešu മലയാളം nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски svenska тоҷикӣ ไทย türkçe українська tiếng việt winaray 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia family of flowering plants elaeagnaceae scientific classification kingdom plantae clade tracheophytes clade angiosperms clade eudicots clade rosids order rosales family elaeagnaceae juss 1789 1 type genus elaeagnus l genera elaeagnus l hippophae l shepherdia nutt synonyms 1 hippophaeaceae g meyer the elaeagnaceae are a plant family the oleaster family of the order rosales comprising small trees and shrubs native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere south into tropical asia and australia the family has about 60 species in three genera 2 they are commonly thorny with simple leaves often coated with tiny scales or hairs most of the species are xerophytes found in dry habitats several are also halophytes tolerating high levels of soil salinity the elaeagnaceae often harbor nitrogen fixing actinomycetes of the genus frankia in root nodules making them useful for soil reclamation 3 this characteristic together with their production of plentiful seeds often results in the elaeagnaceae being regarded as weeds the stems and leaves are covered with silvery brown or golden hairs which are either peltate or scaly shepherdia and hippophae are unisexual the female and male borne on different plants dioecious there are no petals the perianth comprising a single whorl of two to eight fused sepals in the male flower the receptacle is often flat while in the bisexual and female flowers it is tubular there are four to eight stamens with free filaments and bilocular anthers the ovary is superior with one carpel containing a single erect anatropous ovule the style is long and bears a single stigma the fruit is an achene or a drupe a fruit like structure enclosed by the thickened lower part of the persistent calyx it contains a single seed with little or no endosperm and a straight embryo with thick fleshy cotyledons a number of species are grown as ornamental shrubs notably elaeagnus angustifolia oleaster elaeagnus pungens elaeagnus umbellata and elaeagnus macrophylla which are mainly grown as deciduous or evergreen shrubs for their attractive foliage and hippophae rhamnoides sea buckthorn is grown for its bright orange berries in autumn and winter the fruits of a number of species are edible for example those of shepherdia argentea silver buffalo berry its fruits are used as jelly and are also eaten dried with sugar in various parts of the united states and canada the berries of shepherdia canadensis russet buffalo berry when dried or smoked are used as food by inuit yupik and aleut peoples the berries of hippophae rhamnoides are made into a sauce in france and into jelly elsewhere the wood of this species is fine grained and is used for woodturning the fruit of the japanese shrub elaeagnus multiflora cherry elaeagnus are used in preserves and are used in alcoholic beverage 4 phylogeny edit modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships 5 rhamnaceae outgroup elaeagnaceae elaeagnus shepherdia hippophae fossil history edit fossil pollen of elaeagnacites is described from the late cretaceous santonian of china and pollen similar to that of elaeagnaceae is widespread in the paleocene 6 there are pollen evidence of elaeagnus from the upper eocene florissant formation colorado mcginitie s wardell ranch flora locality in colorado of middle to late middle eocene and similar samples from the washakie basin laney shale member of early eocene 7 a fossil elaeagnus orchidioides flower is recorded from the late pliocene of willershausen kalefeld hesse germany there are two fossil wood records with extensive documentation of anatomical features elaeagnus semiannulipora from the early miocene of yamagata japan and eieagnaceoxylon shepherdioides considered similar to shepherdia from the pliocene beaufort formation northwestern banks island canada four fossil leaves have been described with diagnostic features of elaeagnus from the late miocene of eastern tibet modern altitude of 3910 m the silverberry genus elaeagnus elaeagnaceae reaches its greatest diversity 54 species and endemism 36 species in this area the diversification of elaeagnus in the qinghai tibet plateau and adjacent areas might have been driven by continuous uplift at least since the late miocene causing formation of complex topography and climate with high rainfall seasonality 8 references edit 1 2 angiosperm phylogeny group 2009 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iii botanical journal of the linnean society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x hdl 10654 18083 christenhusz m j m byng j w 2016 the number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 bibcode 2016phytx 261 201c doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 elaeagnus a widely distributed temperate nitrogen fixer winrock international december 1992 archived from the original on 18 may 2009 retrieved 4 may 2009 heywood v h ed 1978 flowering plants of the world london oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 217674 5 sun m naeem r su jx cao zy burleigh jg soltis ps soltis de chen zd 2016 phylogeny of the rosidae a dense taxon sampling analysis journal of systematics and evolution 54 4 363 391 bibcode 2016jsyev 54 363s doi 10 1111 jse 12211 friis else marie crane peter r pedersen kaj raunsgaard 2011 early flowers and angiosperm evolution cambridge new york cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 59283 3 meyer herbert w smith dena m eds january 2008 paleontology of the upper eocene florissant formation colorado geological society of america doi 10 1130 spe435 isbn 978 0 8137 2435 5 su tao wilf peter xu he zhou zhe kun august 2014 miocene leaves of elaeagnus elaeagnaceae from the qinghai tibet plateau its modern center of diversity and endemism american journal of botany 101 8 1350 1361 doi 10 3732 ajb 1400229 issn 0002 9122 you can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in german october 2009 click show for important translation instructions machine translation like deepl or google translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must follow the llm translation guideline revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the english wikipedia do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality if possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article you must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation a model attribution edit summary is content in this edit is translated from the existing german wikipedia article at de ölweidengewächse see its history for attribution you may also add the template translated de ölweidengewächse to the talk page for more guidance see wikipedia translation you can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in russian october 2009 click show for important translation instructions machine translation like deepl or google translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must follow the llm translation guideline revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the english wikipedia do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality if possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article you must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation a model attribution edit summary is content in this edit is translated from the existing russian wikipedia article at ru лоховые see its history for attribution you may also add the template translated ru лоховые to the talk page for more guidance see wikipedia translation external links edit elaeagnaceae of mongolia in floragreif v t e families of flowering plants apg iv supergroup plant rhodophyta chlorophyta marchantiophyta bryophyta anthocerotophyta polypodiophyta acrogymnospermae angiospermae basal angio sperms amborellales amborellaceae nymphaeales hydatellaceae cabombaceae nymphaeaceae austrobaileyales austrobaileyaceae trimeniaceae schisandraceae mesangiospermae magnoliidae canellales canellaceae winteraceae piperales aristolochiaceae saururaceae piperaceae magnoliales myristicaceae magnoliaceae degeneriaceae himantandraceae eupomatiaceae annonaceae laurales calycanthaceae siparunaceae gomortegaceae atherospermataceae hernandiaceae monimiaceae lauraceae chloranthidae chloranthales chloranthaceae lilidae monocots acorales acoraceae alismatales araceae tofieldiaceae alismataceae butomaceae hydrocharitaceae scheuchzeriaceae aponogetonaceae juncaginaceae maundiaceae zosteraceae potamogetonaceae posidoniaceae ruppiaceae cymodoceaceae petrosaviales petrosaviaceae dioscoreales nartheciaceae burmanniaceae dioscoreaceae pandanales triuridaceae velloziaceae stemonaceae cyclanthaceae pandanaceae liliales campynemataceae corsiaceae melanthiaceae petermanniaceae alstroemeriaceae colchicaceae philesiaceae ripogonaceae smilacaceae liliaceae asparagales orchidaceae boryaceae blandfordiaceae asteliaceae lanariaceae hypoxidaceae doryanthaceae ixioliriaceae tecophilaeaceae iridaceae xeronemataceae asphodelaceae amaryllidaceae asparagaceae arecales dasypogonaceae arecaceae commelinales hanguanaceae commelinaceae philydraceae pontederiaceae haemodoraceae zingiberales strelitziaceae lowiaceae heliconiaceae musaceae cannaceae marantaceae costaceae zingiberaceae poales typhaceae bromeliaceae rapateaceae xyridaceae eriocaulaceae mayacaceae thurniaceae juncaceae cyperaceae restionaceae flagellariaceae joinvilleaceae ecdeiocoleaceae poaceae ceratophyllidae ceratophyllales ceratophyllaceae eudicots buxales buxaceae proteales sabiaceae nelumbonaceae platanaceae proteaceae ranunculales eupteleaceae papaveraceae circaeasteraceae lardizabalaceae menispermaceae berberidaceae ranunculaceae trochodendrales trochodendraceae dilleniales dilleniaceae gunnerales myrothamnaceae gunneraceae superrosids saxifragales peridiscaceae paeoniaceae altingiaceae hamamelidaceae cercidiphyllaceae daphniphyllaceae iteaceae grossulariaceae saxifragaceae crassulaceae aphanopetalaceae tetracarpaeaceae penthoraceae haloragaceae cynomoriaceae rosids vitales vitaceae fabids cucurbitales apodanthaceae anisophylleaceae corynocarpaceae coriariaceae cucurbitaceae tetramelaceae datiscaceae begoniaceae fabales quillajaceae fabaceae surianaceae polygalaceae fagales nothofagaceae fagaceae myricaceae juglandaceae casuarinaceae ticodendraceae betulaceae rosales rosaceae barbeyaceae dirachmaceae elaeagnaceae rhamnaceae ulmaceae cannabaceae moraceae urticaceae zygophyllales krameriaceae zygophyllaceae celastrales lepidobotryaceae celastraceae malpighiales pandaceae irvingiaceae ctenolophonaceae rhizophoraceae erythroxylaceae ochnaceae bonnetiaceae clusiaceae calophyllaceae podostemaceae hypericaceae caryocaraceae lophopyxidaceae putranjivaceae centroplacaceae elatinaceae malpighiaceae balanopaceae trigoniaceae dichapetalaceae euphroniaceae chrysobalanaceae humiriaceae achariaceae violaceae goupiaceae passifloraceae lacistemataceae salicaceae peraceae rafflesiaceae euphorbiaceae linaceae ixonanthaceae picrodendraceae phyllanthaceae oxalidales huaceae connaraceae oxalidaceae cunoniaceae elaeocarpaceae cephalotaceae brunelliaceae malvids brassicales akaniaceae tropaeolaceae moringaceae caricaceae limnanthaceae setchellanthaceae koeberliniaceae bataceae salvadoraceae emblingiaceae tovariaceae pentadiplandraceae gyrostemonaceae resedaceae capparaceae cleomaceae brassicaceae crossosomatales aphloiaceae geissolomataceae strasburgeriaceae staphyleaceae guamatelaceae stachyuraceae crossosomataceae geraniales geraniaceae francoaceae huerteales gerrardinaceae petenaeaceae tapisciaceae dipentodontaceae malvales cytinaceae muntingiaceae neuradaceae malvaceae sphaerosepalaceae thymelaeaceae bixaceae cistaceae sarcolaenaceae dipterocarpaceae myrtales combretaceae lythraceae onagraceae vochysiaceae myrtaceae melastomataceae crypteroniaceae alzateaceae penaeaceae picramniales picramniaceae sapindales biebersteiniaceae nitrariaceae kirkiaceae burseraceae anacardiaceae sapindaceae rutaceae simaroubaceae meliaceae superasterids berberidopsidales aextoxicaceae berberidopsidaceae caryophyllales frankeniaceae tamaricaceae plumbaginaceae polygonaceae droseraceae nepenthaceae drosophyllaceae dioncophyllaceae ancistrocladaceae rhabdodendraceae simmondsiaceae physenaceae asteropeiaceae macarthuriaceae microteaceae caryophyllaceae achatocarpaceae amaranthaceae stegnospermataceae limeaceae lophiocarpaceae kewaceae barbeuiaceae gisekiaceae aizoaceae phytolaccaceae petiveriaceae sarcobataceae nyctaginaceae molluginaceae montiaceae didiereaceae basellaceae halophytaceae talinaceae portulacaceae anacampserotaceae cactaceae santalales olacaceae opiliaceae balanophoraceae santalaceae misodendraceae schoepfiaceae loranthaceae asterids cornales nyssaceae hydrostachyaceae hydrangeaceae loasaceae curtisiaceae grubbiaceae cornaceae ericales balsaminaceae marcgraviaceae tetrameristaceae fouquieriaceae polemoniaceae lecythidaceae sladeniaceae pentaphylacaceae sapotaceae ebenaceae primulaceae theaceae symplocaceae diapensiaceae styracaceae sarraceniaceae roridulaceae actinidiaceae clethraceae cyrillaceae ericaceae mitrastemonaceae lamiids icacinales oncothecaceae icacinaceae metteniusales metteniusaceae garryales eucommiaceae garryaceae gentianales rubiaceae gentianaceae loganiaceae gelsemiaceae apocynaceae boraginales boraginaceae vahliales vahliaceae solanales convolvulaceae solanaceae montiniaceae sphenocleaceae hydroleaceae lamiales plocospermataceae carlemanniaceae oleaceae tetrachondraceae calceolariaceae gesneriaceae plantaginaceae scrophulariaceae stilbaceae linderniaceae byblidaceae mar...
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