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rly proponents of the electric guitar on record include les paul eddie durham george barnes lonnie johnson sister rosetta tharpe t bone walker and charlie christian during the 1950s and 1960s the electric guitar became the most important instrument in popular music 1 it has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to folk to country music blues and jazz it served as a major component in the development of electric blues rock and roll rock music heavy metal music and many other genres of music electric guitar design and construction varies greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck bridge and pickups guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring loaded hinged bridge which lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects the sound of an electric guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending tapping and hammering on using audio feedback or slide guitar playing there are several types of electric guitar early forms were hollow body semi acoustic guitars while solid body guitars developed later string configurations include the six string guitar the most common type which is usually tuned e a d g b e from lowest to highest strings the seven string guitar which typically adds a low b string below the low e the eight string guitar which typically adds a low e or f string below the low b and the twelve string guitar which has six two string courses similar to a mandolin in rock the electric guitar is often used in two roles as a rhythm guitar which plays the chord sequences or progressions and riffs and sets the beat as part of a rhythm section and as a lead guitar which provides instrumental melody lines melodic instrumental fill passages and solos in a small group such as a power trio one guitarist may switch between both roles in larger groups there is often a rhythm guitarist and a lead guitarist history edit the frying pan 1932 many experiments with electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins and banjos to amplify the sound hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge however these detected vibrations from the bridge on top of the instrument resulting in a weak signal 2 electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers the demand for amplified guitars began during the big band era as orchestras increased in size guitar players soon realized the necessity in guitar amplification and electrification 3 the first electric guitars used in jazz were hollow archtop acoustic guitar bodies with electromagnetic transducers the first electrically amplified stringed instrument to be marketed commercially was a cast aluminium lap steel guitar nicknamed the frying pan designed in 1931 by george beauchamp the general manager of the national stringed instrument corporation with paul barth who was vice president 4 george beauchamp along with adolph rickenbacker invented the electromagnetic pickups 5 coils that were wrapped around a magnet would create an electromagnetic field that converted the vibrations of the guitar strings into electrical signals which could then be amplified commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the ro pat in corporation elect ro pat ent in strument company in los angeles 6 7 a partnership of beauchamp adolph rickenbacker originally rickenbacher and paul barth 8 in 1934 the company was renamed the rickenbacker electro stringed instrument company in that year beauchamp applied for a united states patent for an electrical stringed musical instrument and the patent was later issued in 1937 9 10 11 12 by the time it was patented other manufacturers were already making their own electric guitar designs 13 early electric guitar manufacturers include rickenbacker in 1932 dobro in 1933 national audiovox and volu tone in 1934 vega epiphone electrophone and electar and gibson in 1935 and many others by 1936 electro spanish by ken roberts 1935 by early mid 1935 electro string instrument corporation had achieved success with the frying pan and set out to capture a new audience through its release of the electro spanish model b and the electro spanish ken roberts which was the first full 25 inch scale electric guitar ever produced 14 9 10 11 12 the electro spanish ken roberts was revolutionary for its time providing players a full 25 inch scale with easy access to 17 frets free of the body 15 unlike other lap steel electrified instruments produced during the time the electro spanish ken roberts was designed to play while standing upright with the guitar on a strap as with acoustic guitars 15 the electro spanish ken roberts was also the first instrument to feature a hand operated vibrato as a standard arrangement 15 a device called the vibrola invented by doc kauffman 15 16 it is estimated that fewer than 50 electro spanish ken roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937 fewer than 10 are known to survive today 9 10 11 12 the solid body electric guitar is made of solid wood without functionally resonating air spaces the first solid body spanish standard guitar was offered by vivi tone no later than 1934 this model featured a guitar shaped body of a single sheet of plywood affixed to a wood frame another early substantially solid spanish electric guitar called the electro spanish was marketed by the rickenbacker guitar company in 1935 and made of bakelite by 1936 the slingerland company introduced a wooden solid body electric model the slingerland songster 401 and a lap steel counterpart the songster 400 gibson s first production electric guitar marketed in 1936 was the es 150 model es for electric spanish and 150 reflecting the 150 price of the instrument along with matching amplifier the es 150 guitar featured a single coil hexagonally shaped bar pickup which was designed by walt fuller it became known as the charlie christian pickup named for the jazz guitarist who was among the first to perform with the es 150 guitar the es 150 achieved some popularity but suffered from unequal loudness across the six strings a functioning solid body electric guitar was designed and built in 1940 by les paul from an epiphone acoustic archtop as an experiment he built a log guitar a wood post with a neck attached and two hollow body halves attached to the sides for appearance only gibson initially rejected these designs which inspired the 1952 gibson les paul designed by ted mccarty feedback associated with amplified hollow bodied electric guitars was understood early in the production of electric guitars gage brewer s ro pat in of 1932 had a top so heavily reinforced that it functioned similarly to modern semi hollow bodies 2 types edit solid body edit the fender stratocaster has one of the most often emulated electric guitar shapes 17 18 unlike acoustic guitars solid body electric guitars have no vibrating soundboard to amplify string vibration instead solid body instruments depend on electric pickups and an amplifier amp and speaker the solid body ensures that the amplified sound reproduces the string vibration alone thus avoiding the wolf tones and unwanted feedback 19 associated with amplified acoustic guitars these guitars are generally made of hardwood covered with a hard polymer finish often polyester or lacquer in large production facilities the wood is stored for three to six months in a wood drying kiln before being cut to shape premium custom built guitars are frequently made with much older thus fully dried cured and stabilized that is to say less prone to deformation hand selected wood one of the first solid body guitars was invented by les paul gibson did not present their gibson les paul guitar prototypes to the public as they did not believe the solid body style would catch on another early solid body spanish style guitar resembling what would become gibson s les paul guitar a decade later was developed in 1941 by o w appleton of nogales arizona 20 appleton made contact with both gibson and fender but was unable to sell the idea behind his app guitar to either company 21 in 1946 merle travis commissioned steel guitar builder paul bigsby to build him a solid body spanish style electric 22 bigsby delivered the guitar in 1948 the first mass produced solid body guitar was fender esquire and fender broadcaster later to become the fender telecaster first made in 1950 five years after les paul made his prototype the gibson les paul appeared soon after to compete with the broadcaster 23 another notable solid body design is the fender stratocaster which was introduced in 1954 and became extremely popular among musicians in the 1960s and 1970s for its wide tonal capabilities and more comfortable ergonomics than other models different styles of guitar have different pick up styles the main being 2 or 3 single coil pick ups or a double humbucker with the stratocaster being a triple single coil guitar the history of electric guitars has been summarized by guitar world magazine and the earliest electric guitar on their top 10 list is the ro pat in electro a 25 frying pan 1932 described as the first fully functioning solid body electric guitar to be manufactured and sold 24 it was the first electric guitar used in a publicly promoted performance performed by gage brewer in wichita kansas in october 1932 25 26 27 the most recent electric guitar on this list was the ibanez jem 1987 which featured 24 frets an impossibly thin neck and was designed to be the ultimate shredder machine numerous other important electric guitars are on the list including gibson es 150 1936 fender telecaster 1951 gibson les paul 1952 gretsch 6128 duo jet 1953 fender stratocaster 1954 rickenbacker 360 12 1964 van halen frankenstrat 1975 paul reed smith custom 1985 many of these guitars were successors to earlier designs 24 electric guitar designs eventually became culturally important and visually iconic with various model companies selling miniature model versions of particularly famous electric guitars for example the gibson sg used by angus young from the group ac dc chambered body edit some otherwise solid bodied guitars such as the gibson les paul supreme the prs singlecut and the fender telecaster thinline are built with hollow chambers in the body these chambers are designed to not interfere with the critical bridge and string anchor point on the solid body in the case of gibson and prs these are called chambered bodies the motivation for this may be to reduce weight to achieve a semi acoustic tone see below or both 28 29 30 semi acoustic edit main article semi acoustic guitar epiphone semi acoustic hollow body guitar semi acoustic guitars have a hollow body similar to an acoustic guitar and electromagnetic pickups mounted directly into the body they work in a similar way to solid body electric guitars except that because the hollow body also vibrates the pickups convert a combination of string and body vibration into an electrical signal many models known as semi hollow bodies have a solid block running through the middle of the soundbox designed to reduce acoustic feedback they do not provide enough acoustic volume for live performance but they can be used unplugged for quiet practice semi acoustic guitars are noted for being able to provide a sweet plaintive or funky tone they are used in many genres including jazz blues funk sixties pop and indie rock they generally have cello style f shaped sound holes which can be blocked off to further reduce feedback whereas chambered guitars are made like solid body guitars from a single block of wood semi acoustic guitar bodies are made from multiple pieces of wood in an archtop form a method of construction different from the typical steel string acoustic guitar the top is formed from a moderately thick piece of wood which is then carved into a thin outward curving shape whereas conventional acoustic guitars have a thin flat top electric acoustic edit main article acoustic electric guitar some steel string acoustic guitars include a built in system to electrically amplify their output without altering their tone as an alternative to using a separate microphone the system may consist of piezoelectric pickups mounted under the bridge or a low mass microphone usually a condenser mic inside the body of the guitar that converts the vibrations in the body into electronic signals combinations of these types of pickups may be used with an integral mixer preamp graphic equalizer such instruments are called electric acoustic guitars they are regarded as acoustic guitars rather than electric guitars because the pickups do not produce a signal directly from the vibration of the strings but rather from the vibration of the guitar top or body and the amplification of the sound merely increases volume not alters tone construction edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed may 2015 learn how and when to remove this message 1 headstock 1 1 machine heads 1 2 truss rod cover 1 3 string guide 1 4 nut 2 neck 2 1 fretboard 2 2 inlay fret markers 2 3 frets 2 4 neck joint 3 body 3 1 neck pickup 3 2 bridge pickup 3 3 saddles 3 4 bridge 3 5 fine tuners and tailpiece assembly 3 6 whammy bar vibrato arm 3 7 pickup selector switch 3 8 volume and tone control knobs 3 9 output connector output jack ts 3 10 strap buttons 4 strings 4 1 bass strings 4 2 treble strings electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck bridge and pickups however some features are present on most guitars the photo below shows the different parts of an electric guitar the headstock 1 contains the metal machine heads 1 1 which use a worm gear for tuning the nut 1 4 a thin fret like strip of metal plastic graphite or bone supports the strings at the headstock end of the instrument the frets 2 3 are thin metal strips that stop the string at the correct pitch when the player pushes a string against the fingerboard the truss rod 1 2 is a metal rod usually adjustable that counters the tension of the strings to keep the neck straight position markers 2 2 provide the player with a reference to the playing position on the fingerboard 31 the neck and fretboard 2 1 extend from the body at the neck joint 2 4 the neck is either glued or bolted to the body the body 3 is typically made of wood with a hard polymerized finish strings vibrating in the magnetic field of the pickups 3 1 3 2 produce an electric current in the pickup winding that passes through the tone and volume controls 3 8 to the output jack some guitars have piezo pickups in addition to or instead of magnetic pickups some g...