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elixir programming language wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 features 3 examples 4 see also 5 references 6 further reading toggle the table of contents elixir programming language 28 languages العربية azərbaycanca català کوردی deutsch esperanto español eesti فارسی suomi français עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 lietuvių nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский српски srpski svenska türkçe українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia programming language running on the erlang virtual machine this article relies excessively on references to primary sources please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources find sources elixir programming language news newspapers books scholar jstor june 2023 learn how and when to remove this message elixir paradigms multi paradigm functional concurrent distributed process oriented designed by josé valim first appeared 25 may 2012 14 years ago 2012 05 25 1 2 3 stable release 1 20 4 3 june 2026 3 months ago 3 june 2026 typing discipline dynamic strong gradual since version 1 20 5 platform erlang license apache license 2 0 6 filename extensions ex exs website elixir lang org influenced by clojure erlang ruby influenced gleam lfe elixir is a functional concurrent high level general purpose programming language that runs on the beam virtual machine which is also used to implement the erlang programming language 7 elixir builds on top of erlang and shares the same abstractions for building distributed fault tolerant applications elixir also provides tooling and an extensible design the latter is supported by compile time metaprogramming with macros and polymorphism via protocols 8 the community organizes yearly events in the united states 9 europe 10 and japan 11 as well as minor local events and conferences 12 13 history edit josé valim created the elixir programming language as a research and development project at plataformatec his goals were to enable higher extensibility and productivity in the erlang vm while maintaining compatibility with erlang s ecosystem 14 15 elixir is aimed at large scale sites and apps it uses features of ruby erlang and clojure to develop a high concurrency and low latency language it was designed to handle large data volumes elixir is also used in telecommunications e commerce and finance 16 in 2021 the numerical elixir effort was announced with the goal of bringing machine learning neural networks gpu compilation data processing and computational notebooks to the elixir ecosystem 17 features edit compiles to bytecode for the beam virtual machine of erlang 8 full interoperability with erlang code without runtime impact scalability and fault tolerance thanks to erlang s lightweight concurrency mechanisms 8 built in tooling for managing dependencies code compilation running tests formatting code remote debugging and more an interactive repl inside running programs including phoenix web servers with code reloading and access to internal state everything is an expression 8 pattern matching 8 to promote assertive code 18 type hints for static analysis tools immutable data with an emphasis like other functional languages on recursion and higher order functions instead of side effect based looping shared nothing concurrent programming via message passing actor model 19 lazy and async collections with streams railway oriented programming via the with construct 20 hygienic metaprogramming by direct access to the abstract syntax tree ast 8 libraries often implement small domain specific languages such as for databases or testing code execution at compile time the elixir compiler also runs on the beam so modules that are being compiled can immediately run code which has already been compiled polymorphism via a mechanism called protocols dynamic dispatch as in clojure however without multiple dispatch because elixir protocols dispatch on a single type support for documentation via python like docstrings in the markdown formatting language 8 unicode support and utf 8 strings examples edit the following examples can be run in an iex shell or saved in a file and run from the command line by typing elixir filename classic hello world example iex io puts hello world hello world pipe operator iex elixir string graphemes enum frequencies e 1 i 2 l 1 r 1 x 1 iex values 1 5 map get values enum map 1 2 2 4 6 8 10 iex values 1 5 map get values enum map 1 2 enum sum 30 pattern matching a k a destructuring iex left x left 5 right 8 iex x 5 iex ok _ rest ok 1 2 3 iex rest 2 3 pattern matching with multiple clauses iex case file read path to file do iex ok contents io puts found file contents iex error reason io puts missing file reason iex end list comprehension iex for n 1 5 rem n 2 1 do n n 1 9 25 asynchronously reading files with streams 1 5 task async_stream file read 1 txt stream filter fn ok contents string trim contents end enum join n multiple function bodies with guards def fib n when n in 0 1 do n def fib n do fib n 2 fib n 1 relational databases with the ecto library schema weather do field city defaults to type string field temp_lo integer field temp_hi integer field prcp float default 0 0 end weather where city kraków order_by temp_lo limit 10 repo all sequentially spawning a thousand processes for num 1 1000 do spawn fn io puts num 2 end asynchronously performing a task task task async fn perform_complex_action end other_time_consuming_action task await task citation needed see also edit free and open source software portal concurrent computing distributed computing parallel computing references edit valim josé 25 may 2012 elixir v0 5 0 released elixir lang retrieved 22 january 2026 elixir s evolution history and ecosystem software patterns lexicon 23 november 2024 archived from the original on 22 january 2026 retrieved 22 january 2026 woo jiahao 15 january 2024 the story of elixir oss history archived from the original on 15 january 2024 retrieved 22 january 2026 https github com elixir lang elixir releases cite web missing or empty title help elixir v1 20 released now a gradually typed language elixir lang org 3 june 2026 retrieved 18 july 2026 elixir license at master elixir lang elixir github github most popular programming languages of 2018 elite infoworld blog 30 march 2018 archived from the original on 9 may 2018 retrieved 8 may 2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 elixir elixir lang retrieved 17 february 2013 elixirconf retrieved 11 july 2018 elixirconf retrieved 11 july 2018 erlang elixir fest archived from the original on 30 march 2019 retrieved 18 february 2019 elixir ldn archived from the original on 12 july 2018 retrieved 12 july 2018 empex empire state elixir conference retrieved 12 july 2018 elixir a modern approach to programming for the erlang vm retrieved 17 february 2013 josé valim elixirconf eu 2017 keynote archived from the original on 17 november 2021 retrieved 14 july 2017 behinde the code the one who created elixir retrieved 25 november 2019 numerical elixir nx github retrieved 6 may 2024 writing assertive code with elixir 24 september 2014 retrieved 5 july 2018 loder wolfgang 12 may 2015 erlang and elixir for imperative programmers chapter 16 code structuring concepts section title actor model leanpub retrieved 7 july 2015 cite book cs1 maint location link wlaschin scott may 2013 railway oriented programming f for fun and profit archived from the original on 30 january 2021 retrieved 28 february 2021 further reading edit simon st laurent j eisenberg 22 december 2016 introducing elixir getting started in functional programming 2nd edition o reilly media isbn 978 1491956779 saša jurić february 2024 elixir in action third edition manning publications isbn 9781633438514 v t e programming languages comparison timeline history ada algol simula apl assembly basic visual basic classic net c c c cobol erlang elixir forth fortran go haskell java javascript julia kotlin lisp lua matlab ml caml ocaml standard ml pascal object pascal perl raku php prolog python r ruby rust sas sql scratch shell smalltalk swift more lists alphabetical categorical generational non english based category authority control databases national united states czech republic israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title elixir_ programming_language oldid 1376695138 categories concurrent programming languages functional languages pattern matching programming languages programming languages programming languages created in 2012 software using the apache license brazilian inventions hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles lacking reliable references from june 2023 all articles lacking reliable references use dmy dates from january 2026 cs1 errors missing title cs1 errors bare url cs1 maint location all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from june 2023 this page was last edited on 25 september 2026 at 18 32 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents elixir programming language 28 languages add topic