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as one of the founders of the japanese red cross society whose charity work was known throughout the first sino japanese war early life edit masako ichijō was born on 9 may 1849 in heian kyō japan she was the third daughter of tadayoshi ichijō former minister of the left and head of the fujiwara clan s ichijō branch her adoptive mother was one of prince fushimi kuniie s daughters but her biological mother was tamiko niihata the daughter of a doctor from the ichijō family unusual for the time she had been vaccinated against smallpox as a child masako was somewhat of a prodigy she was able to read poetry from the kokin wakashū by the age of 4 and had composed some waka verses of her own by the age of 5 by age seven she was able to read some texts in classical chinese with some assistance and was studying japanese calligraphy by the age of 12 she had studied the koto and was fond of noh drama she excelled in the studies of finances ikebana and japanese tea ceremony 2 masako in traditional clothes 1865 the major obstacle to masako s eligibility to become empress consort was that she was 3 years older than emperor meiji but this issue was resolved by changing her official birth date from 1849 to 1850 2 they became engaged on 2 september 1867 when she adopted the given name haruko which was intended to reflect her serene beauty and diminutive size the tokugawa bakufu promised 15 000 ryō in gold for the wedding and assigned her an annual income of 500 koku but as the meiji restoration occurred before the wedding could be completed the promised amounts were never delivered the wedding was delayed partly due to periods of mourning for emperor kōmei for her brother saneyoshi and the political disturbances around kyoto between 1867 and 1868 2 empress of japan edit haruko and emperor meiji s wedding was finally officially celebrated on 11 january 1869 2 she was the first imperial consort to receive the title of both nyōgō and of kōgō literally the emperor s wife translated as empress consort in several hundred years however it soon became clear that she was unable to bear children emperor meiji already had 12 children by five concubines though as is custom in the japanese monarchy empress haruko adopted yoshihito her husband s eldest son by yanagihara naruko who became crown prince on 8 november 1869 the imperial house departed from kyoto for the new capital of tokyo 3 in a break with tradition emperor meiji insisted that the empress and senior ladies in waiting should attend the regular educational lectures given to him concerning national conditions and developments in foreign nations 4 influence edit on 30 july 1886 empress haruko attended the peeresses school graduation ceremony in western style clothing on 10 august the imperial couple received foreign guests in western clothing for the first time when hosting a western music concert 5 the imperial family in 1900 from left to right princess fusako crown princess sadako princess nobuko emperor mutsuhito princess toshiko empress haruko crown prince yoshihito and princess masako from this point onward the empress and her entourage wore only western style clothes in public in january 1887 empress haruko herself issued a memorandum on the subject stating traditional japanese dress was not only unsuited to modern life but western style dress was closer than the kimono to the clothes worn by ancient japanese women 6 in the diplomatic field empress haruko hosted the wife of former united states president ulysses s grant during his visit to japan she was also present for her husband s meetings with hawaiian king kalākaua in 1881 later that same year she helped host the visit of the sons of future british king edward vii princes albert victor and george later george v who presented her with a pair of pet wallabies from australia 7 the emperor and the empress ride a horse drawn carriage to attend the constitutional celebration on 11 february 1889 on 26 november 1886 empress haruko accompanied her husband to yokosuka kanagawa to observe the new imperial japanese navy cruisers naniwa and takachiho firing torpedoes and performing other maneuvers from 1887 the empress was often at the emperor s side in official visits to army maneuvers 8 when emperor meiji fell ill in 1888 empress haruko took his place in welcoming envoys from siam launching warships and visiting tokyo imperial university 9 in 1889 empress haruko accompanied emperor meiji on an official visit to nagoya and the former imperial capital of kyoto while he continued on to inspect naval bases at kure and sasebo she visited nara to worship at the principal shinto shrines 10 known throughout her tenure for supporting charity work and women s education during the first sino japanese war 1894 95 empress haruko worked for the establishment of the japanese red cross society she participated in the society s administration especially in peacetime activities wherein she created a money fund for the international red cross renamed the empress shōken fund it is presently used for international welfare activities after emperor meiji moved his military headquarters from tokyo to hiroshima to be closer to the lines of communications with his troops empress haruko joined him in march 1895 while in hiroshima she insisted on visiting hospitals full of wounded soldiers every other day of her stay 11 death edit after emperor meiji s death in 1912 empress haruko was granted the title empress dowager 皇太后 kōtaigō by her adoptive son emperor taishō she died in 1914 at the imperial villa in numazu shizuoka and was buried in the east mound of the fushimi momoyama ryo in fushimi kyoto next to her husband the meiji shrine in tokyo was dedicated to her and her late husband 12 on 9 may 1914 she received the posthumous name empress dowager shōken 昭憲皇太后 shōken kōtaigō 1 her railway carriage can be seen today in the meiji mura museum in inuyama aichi prefecture honours edit national edit grand cordon of the order of the precious crown 1 november 1888 foreign edit she received the following orders and decorations 13 russian empire grand cross of the order of st catherine 13 december 1887 spain dame of the order of queen maria luisa 29 november 1889 siam dame of the order of the royal house of chakri 12 october 1899 14 german empire dame of the order of louise 1st class 19 may 1903 kingdom of bavaria dame of honour of the order of theresa 29 february 1904 korean empire grand cordon of the order of the auspicious phoenix 27 july 1908 ancestry edit ancestors of empress shōken 15 16 ichijō michika 1722 1769 8 ichijō teruyoshi 1756 1795 17 ikeda shizuko 4 ichijō tadayoshi 1774 1837 18 tokugawa shigenori 8th lord of kishū 1746 1829 9 tokugawa atsu hime 19 sasaki o fusanokata 2 ichijō tadayoshi 1812 1863 20 hosokawa okinori 5th lord of uto 1723 1785 10 hosokawa narishige 8th lord of kumamoto 1755 1835 5 hosokawa tomiko d 1824 11 yoshizawa 1 empress dowager shōken 24 prince fushimi kuniyori 1733 1802 12 prince fushimi sadayoshi 1776 1841 25 matsuki 6 prince fushimi kuniie 1802 1872 26 ichijō teruyoshi 1756 1795 13 ichijō teruko d 1828 27 tokugawa atsu hime 3 princess fushimi junko 1827 1908 14 toriishoji 7 toriishoji nobuko see also edit empress of japan ōmiya palace notes edit 1 2 大正3年宮内省告示第9号 imperial household ministry s 9th announcement in 1914 1 2 3 4 keene donald 2005 emperor of japan meiji and his world pp 106 108 keene p 188 keene p 202 donald keene emperor of japan meiji and his world 1852 1912 2010 keene p 404 keene pp 350 351 keene p 411 keene p 416 keene p 433 keene p 502 liu david u b 2015 the ancestral the religiopolitical in goldenberg naomi fitzgerald timothy stack trevor eds religion as a category of governance and sovereignty brill p 153 isbn 9789004290594 刑部芳則 2017 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 pdf in japanese 明治聖徳記念学会紀要 p 141 royal thai government gazette 11 february 1900 บอกอรรคราชทูตสยาม เรื่องเฝ้าถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์เอมเปรสกรุงญี่ปุ่นถวายเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ บรมมหาจักรีวงษ์ฝ่ายใน ซึ่งสมเด็จพระบรมราชินีนารถมีพระราชเสาวณีย์โปรดเกล้า ฯ ให้เชิญมาถวายเอมเปรสญี่ปุ่น pdf in thai archived from the original pdf on may 8 2019 retrieved 2019 05 08 cite journal cite journal requires journal help genealogy reichsarchiv in japanese retrieved 28 october 2017 references edit fujitani takashi 1998 splendid monarchy power and pageantry in modern japan berkeley university of california press isbn 978 0 520 20237 5 oclc 246558189 hoyt edwin p 1992 hirohito the emperor and the man new york praeger publishers isbn 978 0 275 94069 0 oclc 23766658 keene donald 2002 emperor of japan meiji and his world 1852 1912 new york columbia university press isbn 978 0 231 12340 2 oclc 237548044 lebra sugiyama takie 1996 above the clouds status culture of the modern japanese nobility berkeley university of california press isbn 978 0 520 20237 5 oclc 246558189 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to empress shōken the empress shoken fund japanese royalty preceded by takatsukasa tsunako title granted posthumously empress consort of japan 1869 1912 succeeded by kujō sadako preceded by kujō asako empress dowager of japan 1912 1914 succeeded by kujō sadako v t e empresses consort of japan legendary jōmon 660 bc 291 bc himetataraisuzu hime isuzuyori hime nunasokonakatsu hime amonotoyototsu hime yosotarashi hime oshihime yayoi 290 bc 269 ad kuwashi hime utsushikome ikagashikome mimaki hime saho hime hibasu hime harima no inabi no ōiratsume yasakairi hime okinagatarashi hime yamato kofun 269 539 nakatsuhime princess iwa princess yata princess kusakanohatabino oshisaka no ōnakatsuhime princess nakashi kusaka no hatabi no hime princess naniwa no ono princess kasuga no ōiratsume kasuga no iratsume princess tashiraka princess kasuga no yamada princess tachibana no nakatsu asuka 539 710 princess ishi hime hirohime princess nukatabe princess hashihito no anahobe princess takara princess hashihito yamato hime no ōkimi princess unonosarara nara 710 794 fujiwara asukabehime princess inoe fujiwara no otomuro heian 794 1185 fujiwara no tarashiko 1 tachibana no kachiko princess koshi 1 princess seishi fujiwara no onshi fujiwara no anshi princess masako fujiwara no koshi fujiwara no junshi fujiwara no teishi fujiwara no shōshi fujiwara no seishi fujiwara no kenshi fujiwara no ishi princess teishi fujiwara no genshi princess shōshi fujiwara no hiroko fujiwara no kanshi princess kaoruko fujiwara no kenshi princess teishi 2 princess tokushi princess reishi 2 fujiwara no tamako fujiwara no kiyoko fujiwara no yasuko fujiwara no nariko fujiwara no tashi fujiwara no teishi fujiwara no kinshi princess muneko 2 princess yoshiko fujiwara no ikushi taira no tokuko princess sukeko 2 kamakura 1185 1333 princess sukeko 2 fujiwara no ninshi princess noriko 2 fujiwara no reishi princess shōshi 2 fujiwara no ritsushi princess kuniko 2 fujiwara no ariko fujiwara no chōshi fujiwara no shunshi princess rishi 2 fujiwara no kisshi princess teruko 2 fujiwara no kimiko fujiwara no saneko fujiwara no kishi princess reishi saionji shōshi fujiwara no kinshi princess shōshi 3 saionji kishi princess junshi northern court 1333 1392 none muromachi 1333 1573 empress consort of emperor chōkei azuchi momoyama 1573 1603 none edo 1603 1868 tokugawa masako takatsukasa fusako princess yukiko princess yoshiko takatsukasa tsunako 1 empire of japan 1868 1947 ichijō masako kujō sadako princess nagako state of japan 1947 present princess nagako shōda michiko owada masako unless otherwise noted as bc years are in ce ad 1 individuals that were given the title of empress posthumously 2 individuals elevated to the rank of empress due to their position as honorary mother of the emperor 3 shōshi served briefly as honorary empress for her younger brother emperor go daigo imperial house category v t e empresses dowager of japan legendary jōmon 660 bc 291 bc himetataraisuzu hime isuzuyori hime nunasokonakatsu hime amonotoyototsu hime yosotarashi hime yayoi 290 bc 269 ad oshihime kuwashi hime utsushikome ikagashikome mimaki hime yasakairi hime futaji irihime okinagatarashi hime yamato kofun 269 539 nakatsuhime oshisaka no ōnakatsuhime princess tachibana no nakatsu asuka 539 710 princess ishi hime nara 710 794 fujiwara asukabehime ki no tochihime 1 takano no niigasa 1 heian 794 1185 takano no niigasa 1 fujiwara no otomuro 1 fujiwara no ryoshi 1 tachibana no kachiko princess seishi fujiwara no junshi fujiwara no akirakeiko fujiwara no takaiko 2 fujiwara no sawako 1 fujiwara no inshi 1 princess hanshi fujiwara no onshi fujiwara no anshi 1 princess masako fujiwara no chikako 1 fujiwara no senshi fujiwara no junshi fujiwara no tōko 1 fujiwara no shōshi fujiwara no kenshi fujiwara no yoshiko 1 princess teishi princess shōshi fujiwara no hiroko fujiwara no shigeko 1 fujiwara no kanshi fujiwara no kenshi 1 fujiwara no ishi 1 fujiwara no kiyoko fujiwara no tashi minamoto no yoshiko 1 fujiwara no teishi taira no shigeko fujiwara no kinshi kamakura 1185 1333 fujiwara no kinshi minamoto no michiko 1 saionji kishi 3 northern court 1333 1392 none muromachi 1333 1573 ano no renshi niwata asako 1 madenokōji eiko 1 azuchi momoyama 1573 1603 none edo 1603 1868 konoe hisako 1 nijō ieko ichijō tomiko konoe koreko princess yoshiko takatsukasa yasuko empire of japan 1868 1947 kujō asako ichijō masako kujō sadako state of japan 1947 present kujō sadako princess nagako unless otherwise noted as bc years are in ce ad 1 individuals that were given the title of empress dowager posthumously 2 title removed in 896 due to a suspected affair with head priest of the toko ji temple title posthumously restored in 943 3 was made high empress or de jure empress dowager during her husband s reign imperial house authority control databases international isni viaf 2 gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data japan israel academics cinii artists kulturnav people ddb other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title empress_shōken oldid 1367682671 categories 1849 births 1914 deaths nobility from kyoto japanese empresses consort people of the meiji era emperor meiji ichijō family japanese philanthropists japanese women philanthropists 19th century japanese women grand cordons imperial family of the order of the precious crown recipients of the order of saint catherine 19th century empresses consort hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing japanese language text cs1 japanese language sources ja cs1 errors missing periodical cs1 thai language sources th commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 4 august 2026 at 15 04 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about 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