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gland see anglosphere english language distribution majority native language official or administrative language but not majority native language the english speaking world consists of the 88 countries and territories in which english is an official administrative or cultural language in the 2000s between one and two billion people spoke english 1 2 making it the largest language by number of speakers the third largest language by number of native speakers and the most widespread language geographically the countries in which english is the native language of most people are sometimes termed the anglosphere speakers of english are called anglophones early medieval england was the birthplace of the english language the modern form of the language has been spread around the world since the 17th century first by the worldwide influence of england and later the united kingdom and then by that of the united states through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries english has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional fields such as science navigation and law 3 according to ethnologue as of 2025 the united states and india have the most total english speakers with 319 million and 276 million respectively these are followed by pakistan 112 million the united kingdom 65 million and nigeria 62 million 4 5 including people who speak english as a second language estimates of the total number of anglophones vary from 1 5 billion to 2 billion 2 as of 2022 there were about 400 million native speakers of english 6 david crystal calculated in 2003 that non native speakers outnumbered native speakers by a ratio of three to one 7 besides the major varieties of english american british canadian australian south africa irish new zealand english and their sub varieties countries such as india nigeria the philippines singapore jamaica and trinidad and tobago also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from english based creole languages to standard english other countries and territories such as ghana also use english as their primary official language even though it is not the native language of most of the people english holds official status in numerous countries within the commonwealth of nations 8 majority english speaking countries edit main articles list of countries by english speaking population and anglosphere english speaking peoples monument in london english is the primary natively spoken language in several countries and territories five of the largest of these are sometimes described as the core anglosphere 9 10 11 12 they are the united kingdom the united states australia canada and new zealand the term anglosphere can also depending on situation be extended to include other countries and territories where english or an english creole language is also the primary native language and english is the primary language of government and education such as ireland gibraltar and the commonwealth caribbean 13 while english is also spoken by a majority of people as a second language in a handful of countries such as denmark the netherlands norway and sweden these countries are not considered part of the english speaking world as the language is still viewed primarily as a foreign tongue and does not serve an important cultural role in society 14 countries and territories edit main article list of countries and territories where english is an official language english is an official language de facto or de jure of the following countries and territories 15 north america anguilla antigua and barbuda bahamas barbados belize bermuda british virgin islands canada cayman islands curaçao dominica grenada jamaica montserrat puerto rico saint kitts and nevis saint lucia saint vincent and the grenadines trinidad and tobago turks and caicos islands united states united states virgin islands south america falkland islands guyana europe akrotiri and dhekelia gibraltar guernsey ireland isle of man jersey malta united kingdom africa botswana cameroon eswatini gambia ghana kenya lesotho liberia malawi mauritius namibia nigeria rwanda saint helena ascension and tristan da cunha sierra leone south africa south sudan sudan tanzania uganda zambia zimbabwe asia christmas island cocos keeling islands hong kong india pakistan philippines singapore oceania american samoa australia cook islands fiji guam kiribati marshall islands micronesia nauru new zealand niue norfolk island northern mariana islands palau papua new guinea pitcairn islands samoa solomon islands tokelau tuvalu vanuatu although not official english is also an important language in some former colonies and protectorates of the british empire where it is used as an administrative language examples are brunei malaysia sri lanka and the united arab emirates english as a global language edit see also english in computing international english world englishes world language english as a second or foreign language englishisation and euro english because english is so widely spoken it has often been called a world language the lingua franca of the modern era 16 and while it is not an official language in most countries it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language 7 17 it is by international treaty the official language for aeronautical 18 and maritime 19 communications english is one of the official languages of the united nations and many other international organizations including the international olympic committee it is also one of the two major languages spoken on board the international space station the other being russian the english language has a particular significance in the commonwealth of nations which developed from the british empire 20 english is the medium of inter commonwealth relations 21 the english language as used in the commonwealth is sometimes referred to as commonwealth english most often interchangeably with british english 22 english is studied most often in the european union and the perception of the usefulness of foreign languages among europeans is 67 in favour of english ahead of 17 for german and 16 for french as of 2012 update in some of the non english speaking eu countries the following percentages of adults claimed to be able to converse in english in 2012 90 in the netherlands 89 in malta 86 in sweden and denmark 73 in cyprus croatia and austria 70 in finland and over 50 in greece belgium luxembourg slovenia and germany in 2012 excluding native speakers 38 of europeans consider that they can speak english 23 books magazines and newspapers written in english are available in many countries around the world english is the most commonly used language in the sciences 16 with science citation index reporting as early as 1997 that 95 of its articles were written in english even though only half of them came from authors in english speaking countries in publishing english literature predominates considerably with 28 of all books published in the world leclerc 2011 full citation needed and 30 of web content in 2011 down from 50 in 2000 17 the increasing use of the english language globally has had a large impact on many other languages leading to language shift and language death 24 and to claims of linguistic imperialism citation needed english itself has become more open to language shift as multiple regional varieties feed back into the language as a whole 25 references edit crystal david 2004 the language revolution john wiley sons isbn 978 0 745 63313 8 1 2 crystal david 2008 two thousand million english today 24 3 6 doi 10 1017 s0266078408000023 s2cid 145597019 the routes of english a detailed look at how many people speak english globally rosetta stone blog rosettastone com retrieved 7 august 2026 english archived 9 march 2023 at the wayback machine ethnologue dallas texas sil international 2022 what are the top 200 most spoken languages ethnologue 2022 archived from the original on 18 june 2023 retrieved 13 may 2023 1 2 crystal david 2003 english as a global language 2nd ed cambridge university press p 69 isbn 978 0 521 53032 3 archived from the original on 15 april 2023 retrieved 19 march 2023 mufwene salikoko s 14 march 2016 english the empire is dead long live the empire the conversation retrieved 12 june 2024 mycock andrew wellings ben july 2019 the uk after brexit can and will the anglosphere replace the eu pdf cicero foundation archived pdf from the original on 6 june 2020 the core anglosphere states the usa the uk canada australia and new zealand vucetic srdjan 2011 the anglosphere a genealogy of a racialized identity in international relations stanford university press isbn 9780804772242 gregg samuel 17 february 2020 getting real about the anglosphere law liberty archived from the original on 17 october 2022 from what might be called the core anglosphere nations britain canada new zealand australia and the united states szczepański jarosław 2025 the anglosphere as non contiguous region remarks on canzuk australian journal of international affairs 79 6 954 968 doi 10 1080 10357718 2025 2505070 issn 1035 7718 lloyd john 2000 the anglosphere project new statesman archived from the original on 13 december 2015 retrieved 30 november 2012 the anglosphere and its others the english speaking peoples in a changing world order british academy british academy archived from the original on 22 april 2017 retrieved 20 may 2023 field listing languages the world factbook central intelligence agency archived from the original on 10 december 2022 retrieved 16 july 2023 1 2 david graddol 1997 the future of english pdf the british council archived from the original pdf on 19 february 2007 retrieved 15 april 2007 1 2 northrup 2013 icao promotes aviation safety by endorsing english language testing international civil aviation organization 13 october 2011 archived from the original on 29 june 2014 retrieved 16 june 2014 imo standard marine communication phrases international maritime organization archived from the original on 27 december 2003 about us the commonwealth archived from the original on 10 september 2022 retrieved 25 march 2024 joining the commonwealth commonwealth archived from the original on 7 march 2022 retrieved 27 march 2022 commonwealth english oxford english dictionary retrieved 7 may 2024 european commission june 2012 special eurobarometer 386 europeans and their languages pdf report eurobarometer special surveys archived from the original pdf on 7 february 2015 retrieved 12 february 2015 david crystal 2000 language death preface viii cambridge university press cambridge jambor paul z april 2007 english language imperialism points of view journal of english as an international language 2 103 123 archived from the original on 25 september 2013 retrieved 16 june 2014 bibliography edit australian bureau of statistics 28 march 2013 2011 census quickstats australia archived from the original on 6 november 2015 retrieved 25 march 2015 afhan meytiyev 26 september 2013 english and diplomacy pdf scotland s census 2011 archived from the original pdf on 19 february 2025 retrieved 25 march 2020 bao z 2006 variation in nonnative varieties of english in brown keith ed encyclopedia of language linguistics elsevier pp 377 380 doi 10 1016 b0 08 044854 2 04257 7 isbn 978 0 08 044299 0 crystal david 19 november 2004b subcontinent raises its voice the guardian retrieved 4 february 2015 crystal david 2006 chapter 9 english worldwide in denison david hogg richard m eds a history of the english language cambridge university press pp 420 439 isbn 978 0 511 16893 2 national records of scotland 26 september 2013 census 2011 release 2a scotland s census 2011 retrieved 25 march 2015 the routes of english 1 august 2015 northern ireland statistics and research agency 11 december 2012 census 2011 key statistics for northern ireland december 2012 pdf statistics bulletin table ks207ni main language retrieved 16 december 2014 northrup david 20 march 2013 how english became the global language palgrave macmillan isbn 978 1 137 30306 6 office for national statistics 4 march 2013 language in england and wales 2011 2011 census analysis retrieved 16 december 2014 ryan camille august 2013 language use in the united states 2011 pdf american community survey reports p 1 archived from the original pdf on 5 february 2016 retrieved 16 december 2014 statistics canada 22 august 2014 population by mother tongue and age groups total 2011 counts for canada provinces and territories archived from the original on 23 september 2015 retrieved 25 march 2015 statistics new zealand april 2014 2013 quickstats about culture and identity pdf p 23 archived from the original pdf on 15 january 2015 retrieved 25 march 2015 census 2011 census in brief pdf pretoria statistics south africa 2012 table 2 5 population by first language spoken and province number isbn 9780621413885 archived pdf from the original on 13 may 2015 english and diplomacy archived 19 february 2025 at the wayback machine v t e geographical distribution of languages language geography romance speaking world iberophone portuguese list spanish list catalan other french francophonie list italian list romanian list germanic speaking world english anglophone list german list dutch list slavic speaking world macedonian polish russian list ukrainian celtic speaking world irish scottish gaelic welsh other languages arab world list sinophone list persosphere list indosphere malay world list uralic speaking world esperantujo hindustani list tamil list swahili list category portals language australia canada ireland new zealand south africa united kingdom united states world authority control databases national czech republic retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title english speaking_world oldid 1377942378 categories english language countries and territories where english is an official language country classifications cultural regions hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use oxford spelling from may 2025 all wikipedia articles written in british english with oxford spelling use dmy dates from may 2025 webarchive template wayback links articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012 all articles containing potentially dated statements all articles with incomplete citations articles with incomplete citations from june 2014 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from december 2023 this page was last edited on 2 october 2026 at 02 07 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact 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