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Text of the page (random words):
esperanto braille wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 alphabet toggle alphabet subsection 1 1 transcribing foreign letters 2 punctuation 3 numbers 4 formatting 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents esperanto braille 14 languages asturianu башҡортса беларуская esperanto español فارسی magyar 日本語 ქართული latviešu nederlands русский türkçe українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia braille alphabet of the esperanto language esperanto braille script type alphabet print basis esperanto alphabet languages esperanto related scripts parent systems braille esperanto braille part of a series on esperanto flag esperanto language grammar phonology orthography braille vocabulary etymology history zamenhof proto esperanto unua libro dua libro la esperantisto fundamento de esperanto declaration of boulogne montevideo resolution manifesto of rauma manifesto of prague modern evolution of esperanto culture esperanto movement esperantist esperantujo esperanto football team literature music film la espero libera folio literatura mondo native speakers libraries pop culture references publications symbols profanity zamenhof day organizations and services world esperanto congress akademio de esperanto universal esperanto association world esperanto youth organization international youth congress esperanto youth week world anational association encyclopedia pasporta servo plouézec meetings europe democracy esperanto panamerican congress skolta esperanto ligo by country austria bulgaria china czech republic hungary japan korea malaysia poland romania slovakia soviet union related topics auxiliary language constructed language ido homaranismo linguistic discrimination wikimedia outline esperanto wikipedia vikipedio vikivortaro vikicitaro vikifontaro vikilibroj vikikomunejo vikispecoj vikinovaĵoj vikivojaĵo v t e the esperanto language has a dedicated braille alphabet one esperanto braille magazine esperanta ligilo has been published since 1904 and another aŭroro since 1920 alphabet edit the basic braille alphabet is extended for the print letters with diacritics the circumflex is marked by adding dot 6 lower right to the base letter ĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝ therefore the letter ĵ has the same form as the unused french english braille letter w to write a w in a foreign name dot 3 is added w 1 see next section esperanto ŭ is made by reflecting u so that dot 1 becomes dot 4 ŭ the alphabet is thus as follows 2 a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z contracted braille is in limited use 3 transcribing foreign letters edit beside the basic latin foreign letters q w x y there are dedicated letters for the umlauted vowels that occur in print german ä ö ü q w x y ä ö ü additional accented letters in other languages are handled by separate braille cells for the diacritics these do not have a one to one correspondence with print ́ and ő ű from ö ü ̀ ̄ ̃ ̂ ̌ ̈ ̇ ̊ ̆ ̧ ̨ ̣ ̩ ̸ ̵ etc these conventions are used for foreign names adapted to esperanto braille unassimilated text in another braille alphabet is indicated by the code punctuation edit single punctuation space and abbr the apostrophe and abbreviation point are both transcribed which is distinct from the period stop a series of colons is a common dinkus for dividing sections of texts paired punctuation outer quotes inner quotes quotation marks in ink print esperanto are highly variable and tend to follow the conventions of the country a text is published in this is irrelevant for rendering in braille numbers edit the apostrophe abbreviation point is used to group digits within numbers like the comma in english in both print and braille esperanto the comma is used as the decimal mark so print english 100 000 00 print esperanto 100 000 00 braille formatting edit capitals are only marked for proper names they are not used at the beginning of a sentence digit capital emph emphasis span alternative emphasis span foreign braille text for emphasis bold or italics in print a simple is used to mark each of one to three words for longer emphatic text there are two formats either a colon precedes the simple emphatic sign and an additional sign is placed before the last emphasized word or the sign is placed before and after the emphasized text in contracted grade 2 braille a different sign is used for capital letters dot 6 as in most braille orthographies proper names are not contracted and words preceded by this sign are not contracted in esperanto braille references edit redirecting to google groups world braille usage unesco 2013 archived from the original on 2014 09 08 retrieved 2021 06 14 esperanta stenografio nizhny novgorod 2003 external links edit ligo internacia de blindaj esperantistoj archived 2018 02 16 at the wayback machine v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title esperanto_braille oldid 1340643673 categories french ordered braille alphabets esperanto orthography hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing esperanto language text webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 26 february 2026 at 21 32 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents esperanto braille 14 languages add topic