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ethiopian philosophy wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 beginnings of ethiopian philosophy 2 mature ethiopian philosophy toggle mature ethiopian philosophy subsection 2 1 zera yacob 2 2 walda heywat 3 see also 4 sources 5 further reading 6 external links toggle the table of contents ethiopian philosophy 5 languages العربية bahasa indonesia italiano 한국어 português edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia set of philosophies attributed to ethiopia and eritrea part of a series on philosophy philosophy portal contents outline glossary history categories philosophies by period ancient egyptian greek medieval renaissance modern contemporary analytic continental by region african egyptian ethiopian south african eastern chinese indian indonesian japanese korean vietnamese indigenous american aztec middle eastern iranian western united states british french german italian russian by religion buddhist confucian christian hindu islamic jain jewish taoist branches epistemology ethics logic metaphysics aesthetics education history language law metaphilosophy mind ontology phenomenology political religion science philosophers aesthetic philosophers epistemologists ethicists logicians metaphysicians philosophers of mind religion philosophers social and political philosophers women in philosophy v t e ethiopian philosophy or abyssinian philosophy is the philosophical corpus of the territories of present day ethiopia and eritrea besides via oral tradition it was preserved early in written form through ge ez manuscripts this philosophy occupies a unique position within african philosophy clarification needed beginnings of ethiopian philosophy edit the character of ethiopian philosophy is determined by the particular conditions of evolution of the ethiopian culture thus ethiopian philosophy arises from the confluence of greek and patristic philosophy with traditional ethiopian modes of thought because of the early isolation from its sources of christian spirituality byzantium and alexandria ethiopia received some of its philosophical heritage through arabic versions the literature developed under these circumstances is the result of a twofold effort of creative assimilation on one side of a tuning of orthodoxy to traditional modes of thought never eradicated and vice versa and on the other side of absorption of greek pagan and early patristic thought into this developing ethiopian christian synthesis as a consequence the moral reflection of religious inspiration is prevalent and the use of narrative parable apothegm and rich imagery is preferred to the use of abstract argument this sapiential literature consists in translations and adaptations of some greek texts namely of the physiologus cca 5th century a d the life and maxims of skendes 11th century a d and the book of the wise philosophers 1510 22 mature ethiopian philosophy edit in the 17th century the religious beliefs of ethiopians were challenged by king suseynos adoption of catholicism and by a subsequent presence of jesuit missionaries the attempt to forcefully impose catholicism upon his constituents during suseynos reign inspired further development of ethiopian philosophy during the 17th century zera yacob 1599 1692 is the most important exponent of this renaissance his treatise hatata 1667 is a work often included in the narrow canon of universal philosophy zera yacob edit zera yacob had a culture entirely theological although of humble birth he earned respect for his intellectual capacities and went on to pursue the traditional ethiopian theological education zera yacob mastered coptic theology and catholic theology and he had extensive knowledge of jewish and islamic religions his spiritual vade mecum was david s book of psalms in which he sought comfort and inspiration knowing thus two christian interpretations of the bible as well as the two other major abrahamic religions and seeing the contradictions between them zera yacob is led to refuse the authority of the ethiopian tradition and of any tradition in general he comes to think that the tradition is infested by lies because men in their arrogance believe that they know everything and thus refuse to examine things with their own mind blindly accepting what has been transmitted to them by their forefathers the philosopher accepts then as unique authority his reason and accepts from the scriptures and from the dogmas only what resists a rational inquiry he affirms that the human reason can find the truth if it searches it and does not get discouraged in front of the difficulties thus by his piece meal examination this is what hatätä means zera yacob arrives at an argument for the existence of god an essence uncreated and eternal based on the impossibility of an infinite chain of causes and at the conviction that the creation is good because god is good this belief is the basis for a criticism of ascetic morals and of some jewish and islamic moral precepts as well by identifying the will of god with what is rational zera yacob rejects most of these moral precepts e g concerning polygamy or fasting or sexual or alimentary interdictions as blasphemy he seems to think that all is good for the good one reminding thus of the mode of thought expressed in the profession of faith of the other great zera yaqob the emperor from the 15th century walda heywat edit zera yacob had a disciple walda heywat who also wrote a philosophical treatise systematising his master s thought he accorded more attention to the practical and educational problems and he tried to connect zera yacob s philosophy with the kind of wisdom expressed in the earlier sapiential literature walda heywat recurs intensively to illustrations and parables and many times the source of his examples is the book of the wise philosophers although his work is arguably less original than that of his master s it can be considered more ethiopian since it represents a synthesis through which some ideas engendered by zera yacob s rejection of tradition are brought together with traditional christian inspired wisdom it is more ethiopian also in the sense that it addresses some practical social and moral issues that most ethiopians of his time encountered in their lives thus walda heywat s work is less speculative but more national in character than the treatise of his master zera yacob see also edit ethiopian calendar sources edit sumner claude the source of african philosophy the ethiopian philosophy of man stuttgart franz steiner verlag wiesbaden 1986 sumner claude ethiopia philosophy in in e craig ed routledge encyclopedia of philosophy london routledge 1998 kiros teodros the meditations of zara yaquob kiros teodros zara yacob rationality of the human heart red sea press 2005 further reading edit teodros kiros zera yacob and traditional ethiopian philosophy in wiredu and abraham eds a companion to african philosophy 2004 enno littmann philosophi abessini corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium vol 18 scriptores aethiopici presses républicaines 1904 contains the ge ez text of the treatises of zera yacob and walda heywat claude sumner ethiopian philosophy vol i the book of the wise philosophers commercial printing press 1974 claude sumner ethiopian philosophy vol ii the treatise of zara yaecob and walda hewat text and authorship commercial printing press 1976 claude sumner ethiopian philosophy vol iii the treatise of zara yaecob and walda hewat an analysis commercial printing press 1978 claude sumner ethiopian philosophy vol iv the life and maxims of skandes commercial printing press 1974 claude sumner ethiopian philosophy vol v the fisalgwos commercial printing press 1976 claude sumner classical ethiopian philosophy commercial printing press 1985 contains an english translation and brief introduction for each of the texts presented in volumes i v of sumner ethiopian philosophy claude sumner the light and the shadow zera yacob and walda heywat two ethiopian philosophers of the seventeenth century in wiredu and abraham eds a companion to african philosophy 2004 external links edit a brief introduction to ethiopian philosophy with bibliography and textual selections ethiopian philosophy a blog devoted to zera yacob and walda heywat v t e philosophy branches applied philosophy logic metaphilosophy philosophical methodology philosophy of education philosophy of information philosophy of language philosophy of mathematics philosophy of religion philosophy of science political philosophy practical philosophy social philosophy theoretical philosophy aesthetics aesthetic response formalism institutionalism epistemology empiricism fideism naturalism particularism rationalism skepticism solipsism ethics consequentialism deontology morality absolutism nihilism particularism skepticism universalism value theory virtue metaphysics free will compatibilism determinism hard incompatibilism hard libertarianism mind behaviorism dualism eliminativism emergentism epiphenomenalism functionalism objectivism subjectivism ontology action event process reality atomism conceptualism idealism materialism monism naturalism nominalism physicalism relativism realism and anti realism by era ancient agriculturalism chinese naturalism confucianism jain anekantavada syādvāda legalism logicians mazdakism mithraism mohism taoism yangism zoroastrianism zurvanism buddhist abhidharma madhyamaka pudgalavada sarvāstivadā sautrāntika svatantrika and prasangika śūnyatā tibetan yogacara greek and roman dispositio cyrenaics cynicism eretrian school hellenistic pyrrhonism stoicism epicureanism academic skepticism megarian school neopythagoreanism platonism academy middle neo peripatetic school pre socratic ionians pythagoreans eleatics atomists sophists school of the sextii second sophistic hindu ājīvika ajñana cārvāka mīmāṃsā nyaya vaisheshika samkhya yoga medieval buddhist chan huayan tiantai zen confucian korean neo xuanxue navya nyāya jewish renaissance humanism christian augustinianism byzantine occamism scholasticism scotism thomism islamic aristotelianism averroism avicennism illuminationism judeo islamic kalam sufi vedanta acintya bheda abheda advaita bhedabheda dvaita nimbarka sampradaya shuddhadvaita vishishtadvaita modern anarchism classical realism collectivism conservatism determinism dualism edo neo confucianism empiricism existentialism foundationalism historicism holism humanism anti idealism absolute british german italian objective subjective transcendental individualism kokugaku liberalism materialism modernism monism naturalism natural law nihilism new confucianism neo scholasticism pessimism pragmatism phenomenology positivism reductionism rationalism social contract socialism transcendentalism utilitarianism people cartesianism kantianism neo kierkegaardianism krausism hegelianism marxism newtonianism nietzscheanism spinozism contemporary kyoto school objectivism postcritique russian cosmism analytic applied ethics analytic feminism analytical marxism communitarianism consequentialism critical rationalism experimental philosophy falsificationism foundationalism vs coherentism internalism and externalism logical positivism legal positivism meta ethics moral realism quinean naturalism normative ethics ordinary language 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