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mmet sullivan and erected on magnetic mountain in 1968 smith founded the great passion play an outdoor drama performed from may through october by a cast of approximately 170 actors and numerous live animals 8 the script was later revised from its original form which had included a monologue placing blame for jesus s death on jewish people 9 the production has been viewed by an estimated 7 7 million people making it the largest attended outdoor drama in the united states according to the institute of outdoor theatre of the university of east carolina 8 additional christian themed attractions were developed nearby including a holy land tour with a full scale recreation of the tabernacle in the wilderness a section of the berlin wall and a bible museum housing more than 6 000 bibles eureka springs also became a destination for the back to the land movement during the late 1960s and 1970s attracting hippies counterculture activists and lesbian separatists while initially facing resistance from some residents increased business activity and tourism led to greater mutual acceptance the city developed a reputation as a center for lgbt tourism during the aids crisis community members formed ozark aids resources and service to provide mutual aid and care eureka springs experienced particularly severe losses of residents leaders and businesses during this period 9 architect e fay jones designed thorncrown chapel in 1980 the chapel was listed on the national register of historic places in 2000 and received the twenty five year award from the american institute of architects in 2006 recognizing its long term influence on architectural practice in 1988 the film pass the ammo a satire of televangelism was filmed in eureka springs 6 21st century edit downtown view of eureka springs from atop an observation tower the crescent hotel is visible on the horizon 2008 st james episcopal church in 2007 the eureka springs city council voted to establish a registry of domestic partnerships in 2010 eureka springs became the only city in arkansas to offer city employee health insurance coverage to domestic partners 6 on may 10 2014 eureka springs became the first city in arkansas to issue marriage licenses to same sex couples on may 12 2015 voters approved a non discrimination ordinance ordinance 2223 by a margin of 579 to 261 the ordinance prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity and applied to both residents and tourists making eureka springs the first city in the state to enact such protections 10 on july 22 2015 a state law intended to invalidate local civil rights ordinances went into effect known as the intrastate commerce improvement act the legislation was sponsored by state senator bart hester and prohibited municipalities from enacting civil rights protections beyond those provided under state law 11 in response the mayor of eureka springs stated that the city was prepared to defend its ordinance in court and local officials maintained that the ordinance remained in effect despite the state law 12 eureka springs continues to attract a significant gay and lesbian population the metropolitan community church of the living springs conducts commitment ceremonies for same sex couples municipal tourism materials promote the city as a place of tolerance and mutual respect at the same time organizations such as the american family association have protested the city s acceptance of lgbt residents and visitors 6 the coexistence of a visible lgbt nightlife and prominent christian fundamentalist attractions in the city was examined in the 2018 documentary the gospel of eureka 6 geography edit eureka springs is located in western carroll county the center of the city is in a narrow valley at the headwaters of leatherwood creek a north flowing tributary of the white river houses and streets climb both sides of the valley to the surrounding ridgecrests u s route 62 runs along a ridgecrest through the southern part of the city and leads east 11 miles 18 km to berryville and west 34 miles 55 km to rogers arkansas highway 23 is main street through the center of eureka springs and leads north 11 miles 18 km to the missouri state line the city was founded when the springs at this location were more evident over extraction of water from the springs has greatly diminished their flow rates all of the more than 140 springs in the town are cold water springs 13 climate edit the climate in this area is characterized by hot humid summers and generally mild to cool winters according to the köppen climate classification system eureka springs has a humid subtropical climate abbreviated cfa on climate maps 14 climate data for eureka springs arkansas 1981 2010 normals extremes 1902 2012 month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 80 27 84 29 93 34 96 36 96 36 103 39 111 44 112 44 105 41 95 35 88 31 80 27 112 44 mean daily maximum f c 45 8 7 7 50 6 10 3 60 6 15 9 69 9 21 1 76 6 24 8 83 3 28 5 88 5 31 4 88 9 31 6 80 0 26 7 69 8 21 0 58 4 14 7 47 4 8 6 68 3 20 2 daily mean f c 36 0 2 2 40 1 4 5 49 3 9 6 58 4 14 7 66 5 19 2 73 7 23 2 78 5 25 8 78 0 25 6 69 6 20 9 59 5 15 3 48 6 9 2 38 1 3 4 58 0 14 4 mean daily minimum f c 26 1 3 3 29 6 1 3 38 0 3 3 46 9 8 3 56 4 13 6 64 1 17 8 68 6 20 3 67 2 19 6 59 3 15 2 49 1 9 5 38 8 3 8 28 7 1 8 47 7 8 7 record low f c 17 27 16 27 1 18 17 8 29 2 41 5 45 7 43 6 29 2 15 9 5 15 15 26 17 27 average precipitation inches mm 2 65 67 2 88 73 4 40 112 4 38 111 5 10 130 4 31 109 3 69 94 3 45 88 4 62 117 3 71 94 4 31 109 3 43 87 46 93 1 192 average snowfall inches cm 4 1 10 3 9 9 9 2 7 6 9 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 0 3 0 76 2 6 6 6 13 8 35 average precipitation days 0 01 in 7 1 8 0 9 9 10 0 11 9 10 3 8 2 7 4 8 0 8 2 8 4 8 2 105 6 average snowy days 0 1 in 2 5 2 5 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 8 1 source noaa 15 16 demographics edit historical population census pop note 1880 3 984 1890 3 706 7 0 1900 3 572 3 6 1910 3 228 9 6 1920 2 429 24 8 1930 2 276 6 3 1940 1 770 22 2 1950 1 958 10 6 1960 1 437 26 6 1970 1 670 16 2 1980 1 989 19 1 1990 1 900 4 5 2000 2 278 19 9 2010 2 073 9 0 2020 2 166 4 5 2025 est 2 258 4 2 u s decennial census 17 2014 estimate 18 the advocate described eureka springs as the gayest small town in america 19 over 30 of eureka springs residents identify as lgbt 20 2020 census edit as of the 2020 census eureka springs had a population of 2 166 the median age was 55 7 years 11 4 of residents were under the age of 18 and 32 4 of residents were 65 years of age or older for every 100 females there were 88 5 males and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 87 6 males age 18 and over 21 22 0 0 of residents lived in urban areas while 100 0 lived in rural areas 23 there were 1 153 households in eureka springs of which 14 6 had children under the age of 18 living in them of all households 28 9 were married couple households 24 6 were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present and 36 9 were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present about 46 6 of all households were made up of individuals and 22 6 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older 21 there were 1 439 housing units of which 19 9 were vacant the homeowner vacancy rate was 2 7 and the rental vacancy rate was 6 1 21 eureka springs racial composition 24 race number percentage white non hispanic 1 833 84 63 black or african american non hispanic 10 0 46 native american 33 1 52 asian 24 1 11 other mixed 140 6 46 hispanic or latino 126 5 82 2000 census edit as of the census 25 of 2000 there were 2 278 people 1 119 households and 569 families residing in the city the population density was 336 2 inhabitants per square mile 129 8 km 2 there were 1 301 housing units at an average density of 192 0 per square mile 74 1 km 2 the racial makeup of the city was 93 94 white 0 04 black or african american 0 70 native american 0 79 asian 0 09 pacific islander 2 28 from other races and 2 15 from two or more races 3 99 of the population were hispanic or latino of any race there were 1 119 households of which 19 2 had children under the age of 18 living with them 37 4 were married couples living together 10 9 had a female householder with no husband present and 49 1 were classified as non families by the united states census bureau of 1 119 households 250 were unmarried partner households 50 heterosexual 110 same sex male and 90 same sex female households 41 0 of all households were made up of individuals and 13 4 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older the average household size was 1 97 and the average family size was 2 64 in the city the population was spread out with 17 2 under the age of 18 5 8 from 18 to 24 24 4 from 25 to 44 33 4 from 45 to 64 and 19 3 who were 65 years of age or older the median age was 46 years for every 100 females there were 81 8 males for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 81 2 males the median income for a household in the city was 25 547 and the median income for a family was 40 341 males had a median income of 27 188 versus 17 161 for females the per capita income for the city was 18 439 about 4 4 of families and 12 2 of the population were below the poverty line including 8 7 of those under age 18 and 13 0 of those age 65 or over arts and culture edit events edit halloween is one of the busiest holidays of the year in eureka springs the weekend before halloween the city hosts the annual eureka springs zombie crawl one of the largest zombie parades in the country it s also the home of the nightmare in the ozarks film festival which takes place in late october the may festival of the arts is an annual month long celebration of the arts in eureka springs 26 the eureka springs food and wine festival is an annual fall event featuring food and wine citation needed the eureka gras mardi gras extravaganza 27 was introduced in 2006 and features a new orleans style mardi gras celebration parades and masquerade balls king s day in january begins the celebration which ends on the day of mardi gras in february or march 28 there are four annual gay and lesbian events called diversity weekends and a week long pride celebration in june the city also holds an annual ufo conference and several auto shows 29 points of interest edit crescent hotel c 1886 thorncrown chapel blue spring heritage center christ of the ozarks crescent hotel eureka springs north arkansas railway lake leatherwood park thorncrown chapel education edit public education edit the community is supported by comprehensive public education from the eureka springs school district and its facilities eureka springs high school 9 12 eureka springs middle school 5 8 eureka springs elementary school pk 4 private education edit private school education is provided at clear spring school pk 12 the academy of excellence pk 8 media edit radio and tv edit for over the air television eureka springs is served by the market based out of springfield missouri for cable the springfield affiliates can be received as well as a couple of stations in fayetteville fort smith as well as all four little rock stations the local radio station is kesa newspaper edit carroll county news is published twice weekly along with regional visitors guides 30 lovely county citizen is a tabloid that is distributed free it publishes the eureka springs visitors guide es independent established in july 2012 is published in tabloid print format and distributed free arkansas democrat gazette northwest arkansas edition is the only daily newspaper distributed in the area filming location edit the film pass the ammo was filmed in the city with the auditorium featured in several scenes there are burn marks still visible on the auditorium from the film s special effects the movie chrystal was filmed in eureka springs parts of the movie elizabethtown were filmed in eureka springs the 1982 miniseries the blue and the gray was filmed around the area the scifi channel s reality series ghost hunters investigated the crescent hotel during episode 13 of the second season and found that the claims of ghosts in the hotel are true infrastructure edit transportation edit transit edit fixed route and ada paratransit transit service is provided in eureka springs by eureka springs transit 31 there is also intercity bus service is provided by jefferson lines in nearby berryville 32 roadways edit u s route 62 arkansas highway 23 notable people edit arts and culture edit elsie bates freund offered the summer art school of the ozarks in eureka springs from 1940 to 1951 and lived in the city for part of the year for the rest of her life candace camp schoolteacher in eureka springs before becoming a romance novelist irene castle silent film actress and ballroom dancer spent her last years in eureka springs frances currey folk art painter spent her final years in a nursing home in eureka springs crescent dragonwagon co founded the writers colony at dairy hollow lived in eureka springs for a number of years glenn gant painter resided much of his life in eureka springs emme gerhard photographer lived in eureka springs for a time charles christian hammer classical guitarist spent much of his life in eureka springs julius hegyi served on the faculty of the inspiration point fine arts colony as conductor and violinist from 1951 to 1956 ben kynard jazz saxophonist born in eureka springs byrd mock writer and publisher retired to eureka springs in 1956 rachel beasley ray poet and author lived in eureka springs for much of her life ned shank co founded the writers colony at dairy hollow lived in eureka springs for a number of years marla shelton 1930s and 1940s film actress was born in eureka springs jonathan stalling poet chinese literature expert was raised in eureka springs frank stanford poet briefly lived in eureka springs 33 business and politics edit norman g baker charlatan ran a hospital that led to his conviction for mail fraud powell clayton former governor arkansas u s senator and later ambassador to mexico was a prominent citizen and businessman in the 1880s and 1890s 34 claude a fuller arkansas and member of the united states house of representatives lived most of his life in and was twice mayor of eureka springs lizzie dorman fyler women s rights activist founded the arkansas woman suffrage association in 1881 while living in eureka springs joseph morrison hill opened his first law practice in eureka springs and was later chief justice of the arkansas supreme court festus orestes butt member of the arkansas senate arkansas house of representatives and mayor of eureka springs military edit marcellus h chiles united states army captain medal of honor recipient was born in eureka springs education edit mary carson breckinridge frontier nursing service founder taught at crescent college and conservatory while living in eureka springs religion edit william evande...