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exposure compensation wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 exposure compensation on still cameras 2 adjustment for lighting distribution 3 exposure compensation using the zone system 4 see also 5 notes 6 references toggle the table of contents exposure compensation 10 languages deutsch فارسی latviešu മലയാളം nederlands norsk bokmål русский svenska తెలుగు 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia photographic technique this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources exposure compensation news newspapers books scholar jstor august 2009 learn how and when to remove this message exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less than optimal image factors considered may include unusual lighting distribution variations within a camera system filters non standard processing or intended underexposure or overexposure cinematographers may also apply exposure compensation for changes in shutter angle or film speed as exposure index among other factors many digital cameras have a display setting and possibly a physical dial whereby the photographer can set the camera to either over or under expose the subject by up to three f stops f numbers in 1 3 stop intervals each number on the scale 1 2 3 represents one f stop decreasing the exposure by one f stop will halve the amount of light reaching the sensor the dots in between the numbers represent 1 3 of an f stop 1 exposure compensation on still cameras edit snowy mountains without exposure compensation same place with 2ev exposure compensation in photography some cameras include exposure compensation as a feature to allow the user to adjust the automatically calculated exposure compensation can be either positive additional exposure or negative reduced exposure and is frequently available in third or half step less commonly in full steps or even quarter step 1 increments 2 usually up to two or three steps in either direction a few film and some digital cameras allow a greater range of up to four 1 five 3 4 or even six 1 steps in both directions camera exposure compensation is commonly stated in terms of ev units 1 ev is equal to one exposure step or stop corresponding to a doubling of exposure exposure can be adjusted by changing either the lens aperture or the exposure time which one is changed usually depends on the camera s exposure mode if the mode is aperture priority exposure compensation changes the exposure time if the mode is shutter priority the aperture is changed if a flash is being used some cameras will adjust flash output as well adjustment for lighting distribution edit the earliest reflected light exposure meters were wide angle averaging types measuring the average scene luminance exposure meter calibration was chosen to result in the best exposures for typical outdoor scenes when measuring a single scene element such as the side of a building in open shade the indicated exposure is in the approximate middle of the film or electronic sensor s exposure range when measuring a scene with atypical distribution of light and dark elements or a single element that is lighter or darker than a middle tone the indicated exposure may not be optimal for example a scene with predominantly light tones e g a white horse often will be underexposed while a scene with predominantly dark tones e g a black horse often will be overexposed that both scenes require the same exposure regardless of the meter indication becomes obvious from a scene that includes both a white horse and a black horse a photographer usually can recognize the difference between a white horse and a black horse a meter usually cannot when metering a white horse a photographer can apply exposure compensation so that the white horse is rendered as white many modern cameras incorporate metering systems that measure scene contrast as well as average luminance and employ sophisticated algorithms to infer the appropriate exposure from these data in scenes with very unusual lighting however these metering systems sometimes cannot match the judgment of a skilled photographer so exposure compensation still may be needed 2 exposure compensation using the zone system edit main article zone system an early application of exposure compensation was the zone system developed by ansel adams and fred archer 3 although the zone system has sometimes been regarded as complex the basic concept is quite simple render dark objects as dark and light objects as light according to the photographer s visualization developed for black and white film the zone system divided luminance 5 into 11 zones with zone 0 representing pure black and zone x 10 representing pure white the meter indication would place whatever was metered on zone v 5 a medium gray the tonal range of color negative film is slightly less than that of black and white film and the tonal range of color reversal film and digital sensors even less accordingly there are fewer zones between pure black and pure white the meter indication however remains zone v the relationship between exposure compensation and exposure zones is straightforward an exposure compensation of one ev is equal to a change of one zone thus exposure compensation of 1 ev is equivalent to placement on zone iv and exposure compensation of 2 ev is equivalent to placement on zone vii the zone system is a very specialized form of exposure compensation and is used most effectively when metering individual scene elements such as a sunlit rock or the bark of a tree in shade many cameras incorporate narrow angle spot meters to facilitate such measurements because of the limited tonal range an exposure compensation range of 2 ev is often sufficient for using the zone system with color film and digital sensors see also edit exposure value exposure index light meter zone system exposure bracketing auto exposure bracketing aeb notes edit 1 2 3 by default the minolta 7000 and 9000 1985 support exposure compensation in half step increments over a range of 4 0 ev however in conjunction with the minolta program back super 70 90 pbs 70 pbs 90 or the 100 exposure back eb 90 quarter steps are supported over an effective range of 6 0 ev in order to cope with the finer granularity aperture and shutter speed settings are displayed in a proprietary suffixed notation that is a full f stop of 2 8 is displayed as 2 8 0 the next quarter steps would be 2 8 1 2 8 2 2 8 3 before it would continue with 4 0 0 etc photographers commonly refer to exposure changes in terms of stops but properly an aperture stop is a device that regulates the amount of light while a step is a division of a scale the standard exposure scale consists of power of two steps a one step exposure increase doubles the exposure while a one step decrease halves the exposure these steps are what are commonly referred to as stops the nikon f5 1996 and f6 2004 support an exposure compensation range of 5 0 ev as do all of the nikon mirrorless z system cameras with firmware 2 0 the sony alpha dslr a850 and dslr a900 support an extended exposure compensation range of 5 0 ev sony press release as of 2 december 2010 archived 25 august 2011 at the wayback machine zones refer to exposure adams 1981 distinguishes among exposure zones negative density values and print values the negative density value is controlled by exposure and the negative development the print value is controlled by the negative density value and the paper exposure and development references edit exposure compensation by geoff lawrence van der walt ed october 11 2009 iso and film speed basic photography illustrated photography archived from the original on oct 3 2011 retrieved 7 july 2011 adams ansel 1981 the negative boston new york graphic society isbn 0 8212 1131 5 v t e photography equipment camera box camera light field digital field instant phone pinhole press rangefinder slr still tlr toy view darkroom enlarger safelight film base format holder stock available films discontinued films filter flash beauty dish cucoloris gobo hot shoe lens hood monolight reflector snoot softbox lens long focus prime zoom wide angle fisheye swivel telephoto manufacturers monopod movie projector slide projector tripod head zone plate terminology 35 mm equivalent focal length abbreviations list angle of view aperture backscatter black and white chromatic aberration circle of confusion clipping color balance color temperature depth of field depth of focus exposure exposure compensation exposure value f number film format 35mm large medium film speed focal length guide number hyperfocal distance lens flare metering mode perspective distortion telephoto compression photograph photographic printing albumen photographic processes reciprocity red eye effect science of photography shutter speed sync zebra patterning zone system genres abstract aerial aircraft architectural astrophotography banquet candid conceptual conservation cloudscape documentary eclipse ethnographic erotic fashion fine art fire fireworks forensic glamour high speed landscape monochrome nature neues sehen nude photojournalism pictorialism pornography portrait post mortem ruins selfie space selfie social documentary sports still life stock straight photography street underwater vernacular wedding wildlife techniques afocal blur bokeh bracketing brenizer burst mode combination printing contre jour crittercam pigeon photography ettr fill flash focus stacking hand colouring harris shutter high speed holography infrared intentional camera movement kirlian kite aerial lo fi photography lomography long exposure luminogram macro manipulation mordançage multiple exposure multi exposure hdr capture night panning panoramic photogram photomontage pre release capture print toning redscale rephotography rollout scanography schlieren photography sabattier effect slow motion stereoscopy stopping down strip slit scan sprocket hole sun printing tilt shift miniature faking time lapse ultraviolet vignetting xerography zoom burst composition diagonal method framing headroom lead room rule of thirds simplicity golden triangle composition history timeline of photography technology albumen print ambrotype analog film photography autochrome lumière calotype camera obscura daguerreotype dufaycolor heliography lippmann plate painted photography backdrops photography and the law photographic plate salt print tintype visual arts regional albania australia bangladesh canada china colombia denmark greece india japan korea luxembourg new zealand norway philippines serbia slovenia sudan taiwan turkey ukraine united states uzbekistan vietnam digital photography digital camera dslr milc camera back digiscoping comparison of digital and film photography film scanner image sensor cmos aps ccd three ccd camera foveon x3 sensor photo response non uniformity image sharing pixel color photography print film chromogenic print reversal film color management color space primary color cmyk color model rgb color model photographic processing anthotype bleach bypass c 41 process carbon print collodion process cross processing cyanotype developer digital image processing dye coupler e 6 process fixer gelatin silver print gum printing instant film k 14 process photogravure print permanence push processing salt print stop bath lists largest photographs most expensive photographs museums devoted to one photographer photographs considered the most important photographers norwegian polish street women photography periodicals related conservation and restoration of photographs film photographic plates polaroid art stereoscopy say cheese retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title exposure_compensation oldid 1353451349 category photographic techniques hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from august 2009 all articles needing additional references webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 10 may 2026 at 10 36 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available 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