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external anal sphincter wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 anatomy toggle anatomy subsection 1 1 structure 1 2 function 1 3 attachments 1 4 innervation 1 5 histology 2 gallery 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents external anal sphincter 17 languages العربية català deutsch español فارسی français hrvatski italiano 한국어 nederlands polski português română русский ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ српски srpski türkçe edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia flat plane of skeletal muscle fibers anal sphincter muscles of male perineum details nerve branch from the fourth sacral and contributions f rom the inferior hemorrhoidal branch of the pudendal nerve actions keep the anal canal and orifice closed identifiers latin sphincter ani externus ta98 a04 5 04 012 ta2 2426 fma 21930 anatomical terms of muscle edit on wikidata the external anal sphincter or sphincter ani externus is an oval tube of skeletal muscle fibers 1 distally it is adherent to the skin surrounding the margin of the anus 2 it exhibits a resting state of tonic contraction 1 and also contracts during the bulbospongiosus reflex 3 4 5 6 anatomy edit the external anal sphincter is far more substantial than the internal anal sphincter the proximal portion of external anal sphincter overlaps the internal anal sphincter which terminates distally a little distance proximal to the anal orifice superficially where the two overlap they are separated by the intervening conjoint longitudinal muscle 1 structure edit historically the sphincter was described as consisting of three parts deep superficial and subcutaneous this is not supported by current anatomical knowledge some sources still describe it in two layers deep or proximal and superficial or distal or subcutaneous 1 some of the muscles fibres decussate at the anterior midline and posterior midline so forming an anterior commissure and posterior commissure 1 function edit the external anal sphincter keeps feces retained inside the rectum and prevents them from coming out of the rectum involuntarily attachments edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information july 2023 the muscle attaches anteriorly onto the perineal body and posteriorly onto the anococcygeal ligament 1 innervation edit the sphincter receives innervation from the bilaterally paired inferior anal nerve each a branch of the pudendal nerve which is derived from ventral rami of s2 s4 it may also receive additional motor innervation from the nerve to levator ani 1 histology edit the sphincter consists mostly of slow twitch fibers that allow extended continuous contraction 1 gallery edit intestines anatomy of the human anus sagittal vertical section of bladder penis and urethra see also edit internal anal sphincter puborectalis muscle references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 standring susan 1201 gray s anatomy the anatomical basis of clinical practice 42th ed new york p 683 isbn 978 0 7020 7707 4 oclc 1201341621 cite book isbn date incompatibility help gray henry 1918 gray s anatomy 20th ed pp 424 425 vodušek db deletis v 2002 intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the sacral nervous system neurophysiology in neurosurgery a modern intraoperative approach 153 165 doi 10 1016 b978 012209036 3 50011 1 isbn 9780122090363 s2cid 78605592 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link sarica y karacan i july 1987 bulbocavernosus reflex to somatic and visceral nerve stimulation in normal subjects and in diabetics with erectile impotence the journal of urology 138 1 55 58 doi 10 1016 s0022 5347 17 42987 9 pmid 3599220 jiang xz zhou ck guo lh chen j wang hq zhang dq et al december 2009 role of bulbocavernosus reflex to stimulation of prostatic urethra in pathologic mechanism of primary premature ejaculation zhonghua yi xue za zhi in chinese 89 46 3249 3252 pmid 20193361 podnar s february 2012 clinical elicitation of the penilo cavernosus reflex in circumcised men bju international 109 4 582 585 doi 10 1111 j 1464 410x 2011 10364 x pmid 21883821 s2cid 27143105 this article incorporates text in the public domain from page 425 of the 20th edition of gray s anatomy 1918 external links edit see tfd anatomy photo 42 13 0100 suny downstate medical center archived from the original on march 5 2016 the male perineum and the penis the external anal sphincter perineum at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university analtriangle3 pelvis at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university rectum v t e muscles of perineum perineum anal triangle sphincter ani external internal ischioanal fossa pudendal canal middle perineal body urogenital triangle superficial perineal pouch superficial transverse perineal bulbospongiosus ischiocavernosus deep perineal pouch deep transverse perineal urethral sphincters fascia superficial perineal fascia colles fascia in scrotum and penis dartos fascia deep perineal fascia deep perineal fascia superficial investing fascia gallaudet s in penis deep fascia of the penis buck s urogenital diaphragm inferior fascia perineal membrane superior fascia pelvic diaphragm inferior fascia superior fascia v t e anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract excluding the mouth upper pharynx muscles spaces peripharyngeal retropharyngeal parapharyngeal retrovisceral danger prevertebral pterygomandibular raphe pharyngeal raphe buccopharyngeal fascia pharyngobasilar fascia pyriform sinus esophagus sphincters upper lower glands crop stomach curvatures greater lesser angular incisure cardia body fundus pylorus gastric mucosa gastric folds microanatomy gastric pits gastric glands cardiac glands fundic glands pyloric glands foveolar cells parietal cells gastric chief cells enterochromaffin like cells lower small intestine microanatomy intestinal villi microvilli intestinal glands enterocytes enteroendocrine cells goblet cells paneth cells duodenum suspensory muscle major duodenal papilla minor duodenal papilla duodenojejunal flexure brunner s glands jejunum no substructures ileum ileocecal valve peyer s patches microfold cells large intestine cecum appendix colon ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon splenic flexure descending colon sigmoid colon continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix rectum transverse folds ampulla anal canal anus anal columns anal valves anal sinuses pectinate line internal anal sphincter anocutaneous line external anal sphincter wall serosa adventitia subserosa muscular layer submucosa circular folds mucosa muscularis mucosa authority control databases terminologia anatomica portal anatomy retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title external_anal_sphincter oldid 1353354069 categories perineum anus muscular system hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 errors isbn date cs1 maint periodical has isbn cs1 chinese language sources zh articles to be expanded from july 2023 all articles to be expanded wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of gray s anatomy 1918 this page was last edited on 9 may 2026 at 19 45 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents external anal sphincter 17 languages add topic