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tabanus iv the parthian arsacid emperor of the time babak and his eldest son shapur i managed to expand their power over all of persis the subsequent events are unclear following the death of babak around 220 ardashir who at the time was the governor of darabgird got involved in a power struggle of his own with his elder brother shapur at this point ardashir moved his capital further to the south of persis and founded a capital at ardashir khwarrah formerly gur modern day firouzabad 21 after establishing his rule over persis ardashir i rapidly extended the territory of his sassanid persian empire demanding fealty from the local princes of pars and gaining control over the neighboring provinces of kerman isfahan susiana and mesene artabanus marched a second time against ardashir i in 224 their armies clashed at hormizdegan where artabanus iv was killed ardashir was crowned in 226 at ctesiphon as the sole ruler of persia bringing the 400 year old parthian empire to an end and starting the virtually equally long rule of the sassanian empire over an even larger territory once again making persia a leading power in the known world only this time along with its arch rival and successor to persia s earlier opponents the roman republic and the roman empire the byzantine empire the sassanids ruled for 425 years until the muslim armies conquered the empire afterwards the persians started to convert to islam this making it much easier for the new muslim empire to continue the expansion of islam persis then passed hand to hand through numerous dynasties leaving behind numerous historical and ancient monuments each of which has its own values as a world heritage reflecting the history of the province iran and west asia the ruins of bishapur persepolis and firouzabad are all reminders of this the arab invaders brought about an end to centuries of zoroastrian political and cultural dominance over the region supplanted as the faith of the ruling class in the 7th century by islam which and over the next 200 years gradually expanded to include a majority of the population demographics edit language and ethnicity edit the main ethnic group in the province consists of indigenous persians including larestani people and the basseri while qashqai lurs arabs kurds georgians and circassians constitute minorities majority ethnic groups in fars province due to the geographical characteristics of fars and its proximity to the persian gulf fars has long been a residing area for various peoples and rulers of iran however the tribes of fars including mamasani lurs khamseh and kohkiluyeh have kept their native and unique cultures and lifestyles which constitute part of the cultural heritage of iran attracting many tourists kurdish tribes include uriad zangana chegini kordshuli and kuruni 22 among the hundreds of thousands of georgians and circassians that were transplanted to persia under shah abbas i his predecessors and successors a certain amount of them were to guard the main caravan routes many were settled around āspās and other villages along the old isfahan shiraz road by now the vast majority caucasians that were settled in pars have lost their cultural linguistic and religious identity having mostly been assimilated into the population 22 population edit at the time of the 2006 national census the province s population was 4 220 721 people in 1 014 690 households 23 the following census in 2011 counted 4 596 658 people in 1 250 135 households of whom 67 6 were registered as urban dwellers urban suburbs 32 1 villagers small town rural and 0 3 nomad tribes 24 the 2016 census measured the population of the province as 4 851 274 people in 1 443 027 households 2 administrative divisions edit the population history and structural changes of fars province s administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table pars province counties 2006 23 2011 24 2016 2 abadeh 87 203 98 188 100 831 arsanjan 40 916 41 476 42 725 bakhtegan b bavanat 44 069 48 416 50 418 beyza c darab 172 938 189 345 201 489 eqlid 99 003 93 975 93 763 estahban 66 391 66 172 68 850 evaz d farashband 38 679 42 760 45 459 fasa 188 189 203 129 205 187 firuzabad 111 973 119 721 121 417 gerash e 47 055 53 907 jahrom 197 331 209 312 228 532 juyom f kavar g 77 836 83 883 kazerun 258 097 254 704 266 217 khafr h kharameh i 61 580 54 864 khonj 37 978 41 133 41 359 khorrambid 44 669 50 252 50 522 kuhchenar j lamerd 76 971 83 916 91 782 larestan 223 235 226 879 213 920 mamasani 162 694 116 386 117 527 marvdasht 294 621 307 492 323 434 mohr 54 094 59 727 64 827 neyriz 105 241 113 750 113 291 pasargad 29 825 31 504 30 118 qir and karzin 61 432 65 045 71 203 rostam k 46 851 44 386 sarchehan l sarvestan m 40 531 38 114 sepidan 87 801 89 398 91 049 shiraz 1 676 927 1 700 687 1 869 001 zarqan n zarrin dasht 60 444 69 438 73 199 total 4 220 721 4 596 658 4 851 274 cities edit shiraz marvdasht jahrom fasa according to the 2016 census 3 401 675 people over 70 of the population of pars province live in the following cities 2 city population abadeh 59 116 abadeh tashk 7 379 ahel 3 179 alamarvdasht 4 068 ardakan 14 633 arsanjan 17 706 asir 3 042 bab anar 7 061 baba monir 1 379 bahman 7 568 baladeh 5 972 banaruiyeh 9 077 beyram 7 300 beyza 7 252 darab 70 232 darian 10 037 dehram 3 468 dezhkord 3 924 do borji 2 907 dobiran 13 809 duzeh 1 348 efzar 2 657 emad deh 4 235 emam shahr 5 803 eqlid 44 341 eshkanan 9 115 estahban 36 410 evaz 19 987 fadami 4 097 farashband 20 320 fasa 110 825 firuzabad 65 417 galleh dar 13 448 gerash 34 469 hajjiabad 21 675 hamashahr 3 852 hasanabad 2 045 hesami 3 131 ij 6 246 izadkhast 5 910 jahrom 141 634 jannat shahr 13 598 juyom 8 010 kamfiruz 3 713 karzin 8 841 kavar 31 711 kazerun 96 683 khaneh zenyan 4 027 khaniman 3 020 khavaran 4 332 kherameh 18 477 khesht 9 599 khonj 19 217 khumeh zar 6 220 khur 7 338 khuzi 3 245 konartakhteh 6 081 korehi 3 954 kuhenjan 3 281 kupon 3 237 lamerd 29 380 lapui 8 985 lar 62 045 latifi 7 300 madar e soleyman 1 546 marvdasht 148 858 masiri 9 031 mazayjan 3 567 meshkan 4 617 meymand 10 120 miyan deh 5 912 mobarakabad 4 707 mohr 7 784 neyriz 49 850 now bandegan 2 410 nowdan 2 892 nujin 3 769 nurabad 57 058 qaderabad 14 973 qaemiyeh 26 918 qarah bolagh 6 772 qatruyeh 2 895 qir 20 010 qotbabad 7 476 ramjerd 2 550 runiz 5 760 saadat shahr 17 131 safashahr 26 933 sarvestan 18 187 sedeh 6 747 seyyedan 8 574 shahr e pir 8 927 shahr e sadra 91 863 sheshdeh 5 960 shiraz 1 565 572 soghad 12 582 soltanabad 1 928 surian 9 776 surmaq 3 050 varavi 4 622 zahedshahr 9 719 zarqan 32 261 most populous cities edit see also list of cities in fars province by population the following sorted table lists the most populous cities in pars according to the 2016 census results announced by the statistical center of iran 2 most populous urban areas in pars province rank city county population 1 shiraz shiraz 1 565 572 2 marvdasht marvdasht 148 858 3 jahrom jahrom 141 634 4 fasa fasa 110 825 5 kazerun kazerun 96 683 6 sadra shiraz 91 863 7 darab darab 70 232 8 firuzabad firuzabad 65 417 9 lar larestan 62 045 10 abadeh abadeh 59 116 climate and wildlife edit there are three distinct climatic regions in the pars province first the mountainous area of the north and northwest with moderate cold winters and mild summers secondly the central regions with relatively rainy mild winters and hot dry summers the third region located in the south and southeast has cold winters with hot summers the average temperature of shiraz is 16 8 c ranging between 4 7 c and 29 2 c 38 the geographical and climatic variation of the province causes varieties of plants consequently variation of wildlife has been formed in the province additional to the native animals of the province many kinds of birds migrate to the province every year 39 many kinds of ducks storks and swallows migrate to this province in an annual parade the main native animals of the province are gazelle deer mountain wild goat ram ewe and many kinds of birds in the past like in khuzestan plain the persian lion had occurred here 40 41 the province of pars includes many protected wildlife zones the most important protected zones are toot siah black berry hunt forbidden zone which is located at the end of boanat region basiran hunt forbidden zone which is located 4 kilometers south to abadeh bamu national park which is located north east of shiraz estahban forest park parke jangaly which is located on the outskirts of touraj mountain hermoodlar protected zone which is located east to larestan 39 crown imperial plain sepidan arjan meadow 22 km 2 8 5 sq mi and lake parishan 40 km 2 15 sq mi are designated wetlands of international importance under the ramsar convention eram garden economy edit agriculture is of great importance in pars 42 the major products include cereal wheat and barley citrus fruits dates sugar beets and cotton pars has major petrochemical facilities along with an oil refinery a factory for producing tires a large electronics industry and a sugar mill tourism is also a large industry in the province unesco has designated an area in the province called arzhan known as dasht e arjan as a biosphere reserve shiraz provincial capital of pars is the namesake of shirazi wine a large number of wine factories existed in the city transportation edit shiraz airport is the main international airport of the province and the second in the country the cities of jahrom lar and lamerd also have airports linking them with shiraz and tehran and nearby persian gulf countries such as the uae and bahrain shiraz is along the main route from tehran to southern iran citation needed higher education edit the pars province is home to many higher education institutes and universities the main universities of the province include shiraz university shiraz university of arts shiraz university of medical sciences 43 shiraz university of technology salman farsi university of kazerun jahrom university jahrom university of medical sciences fasa university of medical sciences islamic azad university of shiraz and islamic azad university of jahrom notable people edit tomb of hafez tomb of saadi this list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items january 2014 cyrus the great founder of the achaemenian empire ardashir the unifier founder of the sassanian empire karim khan founder of the zand dynasty lotf ali khan the last ruler of the zand dynasty saadi writer and poet born and died in shiraz hafez shirazi poet born and died in shiraz barbad the persian musician of the sassanid era born in jahrom mulla sadra iranian shia islamic philosopher and theologian qotb al din kazeruni born in kazerun mansur hallaj persian mystic killed in the 9th century ad salman the persian a companion of the islamic prophet muhammad and the first persian who converted to islam gholamhossein saber artist reza malekzadeh born in kazerun christiane amanpour s father is originally from sarvestan fars sibawayh one of the founders of arabic grammar died in shiraz hakim salman jahromi the special doctor of abbas the great he was from jahrom ibn muqaffa or ruzbeh dadwayh persian writer and translator from the 8th century ad zahra kazemi photographer born in shiraz ladan and laleh bijani famous conjoined twins born in shiraz khwaju kermani buried in shiraz jamshid amouzegar seyyed zia eddin tabatabaee born in shiraz ibn khafif a 9th century sage buried in shiraz sheikh ruzbehan afshin ghotbi football manager of iranian national team meulana shahin shirazi persian jewish poet and wiseman junayd shirazi mohsen kadivar ata ollah mohajerani representative of shiraz in the majlis saeed emami gholam reza azhari siyyid mírzá alí muhammad the báb mohammad hashem pesaran the most honored iranian economist firouz naderi iranian american scientist and the associate director of nasa s jet propulsion laboratory jpl responsible for project formulation and strategy he was born in shiraz ebrahim golestan filmmaker and literary figure kaveh golestan photojournalist and artist habibollah peyman iranian politician mohsen safaei farahani iranian politician simin daneshvar academic renowned novelist fiction writer and translator see also edit media related to fars province at wikimedia commons fars travel guide from wikivoyage notes edit persian استان فارس romanized ostâne fârs pronounced osˈt̪ʰɒːne fɒː ɹ s separated from neyriz county after the 2016 census 25 separated from sepidan county after the 2016 census 26 separated from larestan county after the 2016 census 27 separated from larestan county after the 2006 census 28 separated from larestan county after the 2016 census 29 separated from shiraz county after the 2006 census 30 separated from jahrom county after the 2016 census 31 separated from shiraz county after the 2011 census 32 separated from kazerun county after the 2016 census 33 separated from mamasani county after the 2006 census 34 separated from bavanat county after the 2016 census 35 separated from shiraz county after the 2006 census 36 separated from shiraz county after the 2016 census 37 references edit openstreetmap contributors 29 september 2024 fars province map openstreetmap in persian retrieved 29 september 2024 1 2 3 4 5 census of the islamic republic of iran 1395 2016 fars province amar org ir report in persian the statistical center of iran archived from the original excel on 6 april 2022 retrieved 19 december 2022 amar توجه تفاوت در سرجمع به دليل گرد شدن ارقام به رقم هزار مي باشد in persian retrieved 29 september 2020 پرتال سازمان ميراث فرهنگي صنایع دستی و گردشگري استانها فارس آداب و رسوم 11 january 2012 archived from the original on 11 january 2012 luz iso 639 3 fārs geography history culture of iran britannica the history of the world comprising a general history both ancient and modern of all the principal nations of the globe their rise progress and present condition embracing a brief account of the late russian and italian wars and a complete history of the united states to the present time including the war of the revolution etc henry bill 28 may 1860 lectures on ancient history from the earliest times to the taking of alexandria by octavianus tr from the germ ed of m niebuhr by l schmitz with additions and corrections from his own ms notes taylor walton and maberly 28 may 2024 bruun malthe conrad 28 may 2024 universal geography or a description of all the parts of the world sykes percy 1921 a history of persia london macmillan and company p 5 habibi hassan c 2023 approved 21 june 1369 approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of fars province centered in shiraz lamtakam com report in persian ministry of the interior council of ministers notification 82840 t128k archived from the original on 7 december 2023 retrieved 7 december 2023 via lam ta kam استان های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند the provinces of the country were divided into 5 regions hamshahri online in p...