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tions published by the fire and disaster management agency the nation s coordinating body for fire and rescue services in formal and station wear rank is indicated by a small rectangular badge normally worn on the left breast consisting of varying numbers of lines and stars the star used on the badge is the firefighter s emblem of japan whereas in operational wear rank is normally indicated by bands on the headwear of varying number and thickness according to rank rank 30 roles in a department serving the special wards tokyo fire department 31 roles in a department serving a designated city or over 700 000 residents roles in a department serving 300 000 to 700 000 residents roles in a department serving 100 000 to 300 000 residents roles in a department serving less than 100 000 residents badge insignia 32 helmet markings 32 fire chief aka fire superintendent general japanese 消防総監 hepburn shōbō sōkan chief of the department deputy chief aka fire chief superintendent japanese 消防司監 hepburn shōbō shikan vice chief of the department hq chief of division chief of the department first assistant chief aka fire senior superintendent japanese 消防正監 hepburn shōbō seikan hq chief of division district chief vice chief of the department hq chief of division station chief chief of the department assistant chief aka fire superintendent japanese 消防監 hepburn shōbō kan counsellor of the department hq chief of section station chief hq chief of section station vice chief vice chief of the department hq chief of division station chief chief of the department battalion chief aka fire senior commander japanese 消防司令長 hepburn shōbō shirei chō hq station chief of section vice counsellor of the department station vice chief hq station chief of section battalion commander hq chief of section station vice chief battalion commander vice chief of the department hq station chief of section station chief chief of the department fire captain aka fire commander japanese 消防司令 hepburn shōbō shirei hq station assistant chief of section hq station chief of subsection battalion commander hq assistant chief of section hq station chief of subsection company commander hq station assistant chief of section hq chief of subsection company commander platoon commander hq station assistant chief of section vice chief of the department hq chief of section hq assistant chief of section station chief station vice chief battalion commander fire lieutenant aka fire assistant commander japanese 消防司令補 hepburn shōbō shirei ho hq station senior staff company commander platoon commander hq senior staff hq chief examiner station chief of subsection platoon commander hq station chief examiner station chief of subsection hq station chief of subsection company commander hq station chief of subsection company commander platoon commander fire sergeant aka firefighter chief japanese 消防士長 h hepburn shōbō shichō hq assistant senior staff station team leader station team member hq assistant senior staff station team leader station team member hq station senior staff station team leader station team member hq station chief examiner platoon commander hq station chief of subsection hq station chief examiner platoon commander assistant fire sergeant aka assistant firefighter chief japanese 消防副士長 hepburn shōbō fuku shichō hq team member station team leader station team member hq team member station team leader station team member hq assistant senior staff station team leader station team member hq station assistant chief examiner hq station senior staff firefighter japanese 消防士 hepburn shōbō shi hq team member station team leader station team member hq team member station team leader station team member hq team member station team leader station team member hq team member station team leader station team member hq team member station team leader station team member volunteer firefighters edit members of volunteer fire corps in japan are classified as a special class of local civil servant allowing them to exercise certain powers under the authority of the municipal government 7 volunteer fire corps ranks and insignia edit the rank structure and insignia of the reserve volunteer fire corps of japan are also dictated by the fire and disaster management agency as with the career departments in formal and station wear rank is indicated by a small rectangular badge normally worn on the left breast consisting of varying numbers of lines and stars the star used on the badge in this case is the volunteer fire corps emblem of japan whereas in operational wear rank is normally indicated by bands on the headwear of varying number and thickness according to rank rank 33 volunteer firefighter japanese 団員 hepburn dan in volunteer crew chief japanese 班長 hepburn hanchō volunteer company chief japanese 部長 hepburn buchō volunteer assistant squad chief japanese 副分団長 hepburn fuku b un danchō volunteer squad chief japanese 分団長 hepburn bun danchō volunteer assistant fire chief japanese 副団長 hepburn fuku danchō volunteer fire chief japanese 団長 hepburn danchō badge insignia 34 helmet markings 34 vehicles and equipment edit japanese fire departments generally have many types of vehicles which are highly specialized to a specific role as opposed to other departments worldwide where the majority of fire engines fulfil multiple roles which some have linked to japan s wider cultural traditions of specialization and refinement 23 all vehicles employed by the fire department or volunteer fire corps are collectively known as fire engines japanese 消防車 hepburn shōbō sha with those designed for pumping water known being known as ponpu ポンプ all fire engines are classified as special purpose vehicles under orders issued pursuant to the road traffic act setting down minimum standards for their design and granting them certain privileges over other road users 35 standard types of fire engine 36 type of vehicle function minimum crew example image portable fire pump vehicle japanese 可搬消防ポンプ積載車 hepburn kahan shōbō ponpu sekisai sha an emergency vehicle carrying a portable fire pump and waterways equipment often employed by volunteer fire corps these vehicles tend to be small and manoeuvrable to navigate rural roads require a minimum of 4 firefighters fire pump car japanese 消防ポンプ自動車 hepburn shōbō ponpu jidōsha a traditional fire engine with an inbuilt pump run on the vehicle s engine as well as carrying waterways equipment and other ancillary equipment such as breaking in tools scba equipment and first aid supplies these vehicles may come with or without an inbuilt water tank unlike most western fire engines these vehicles rarely carry hydraulic rescue equipment as this is a task reserved for the specialised rescue teams require a minimum of 5 firefighters including a fire sergeant volunteer crew chief or above except vehicles specially adapted to work with less crew ladder car japanese はしご自動車 hepburn hashigo jidōsha designed with a large ladder for rescuing people from high places or providing a water tower for firefighting from above there is significant variation between these trucks some are built on top of pump trucks whereas some are standalone ladders similarly some have a basket at the top for rescue whereas others are designed only for firefighting and only have a water cannon on the end of the ladder boom the boom itself may also either be articulated or straight require a minimum of 5 firefighters including a fire sergeant or above except vehicles specially adapted to work with less crew chemical fire engine japanese 化学消防車 hepburn kagaku shōbō sha these vehicles found in communities with chemical or nuclear industry carry foam and dry chemical extinguishing agents to put out fires involving hazardous materials again there is variation within the class as some vehicles can be small or large be armoured against heat and hazmat can incorporate water cannon ladders or can act as normal fire pump cars when not required for hazmat emergencies require a minimum of 5 firefighters including a fire sergeant or above except vehicles specially adapted to work with less crew fireboat japanese 消防艇 hepburn shōbō tei fireboats are common across japan due to the coastal nature of the majority of japanese cities although they are generally only found in departments serving those larger cities they are responsible for fighting fires on watercraft and fires close to the water such as those on docks or bridges as well as rescuing people who get into difficulty in the water department hq to determine minimum crew requirement emergency car ambulance japanese 救急自動車 hepburn kyūkyū jidōsha fire departments in japan are responsible for providing emergency medical services and so they run ambulances to respond to calls for medical assistance ambulances are staffed by at least one emergency life saving technician elst the japanese equivalent of a paramedic although their scope is noticeably narrower than their western counterparts requires a minimum of 3 firefighters including at least 1 elst and a fire sergeant or above a member of crew can be substituted with hospital staff on transfer missions rescue work vehicle japanese 救助工作車 hepburn kyūjo kōsaku sha these vehicles are specifically outfitted for technical rescue carrying equipment such as hydraulic rescue tools engine cutters search cameras and breaking tools special or advanced rescue vehicles may also carry winches cranes hazmat suits and measuring equipment rock drills and urban search and rescue equipment 15 require a minimum of 5 firefighters including a fire sergeant or above command vehicle japanese 指揮車 hepburn shiki sha these vehicles provide a mobile base from which the incident commander can take charge of and plan the response to an emergency they are generally staffed with firefighters trained in incident command and logistics as well as carrying a senior fire officer to fulfil the incident commander role the vehicles themselves will be kitted out with advanced telecommunications equipment maps and plans methods for tracking resources on scene and other logistical equipment require a minimum of 3 firefighters 4 in areas deemed to be of high risk including a fire captain or above specialised vehicles japanese 特殊 hepburn tokushu sha public information vehicle japanese 広報車 hepburn kōhō sha employed by the public relations sections of departments these vehicles transport photographers and information managers between job sites and to the scenes of emergencies allowing them to collect information for communication with news agencies and the public and gather promotional material department hq to determine minimum crew requirement equipment transport vehicle japanese 資器材搬送車 hepburn shi kizai hansō sha these vehicles normally based on van or truck bodies are responsible for transporting large amounts of ancillary equipment to the scenes of emergencies as required they may be marked and equipped with emergency lights or they may look simply like normal goods vehicles department hq to determine minimum crew requirement water tanker vehicle japanese 水槽車 hepburn suisō sha these large vehicles are capable of carrying multiple tonnes of water to the scenes of emergencies providing a supply of firefighting water in areas which lack a reliable hydrant system additionally many of these vehicles are also designed to be suitable for carrying drinking water allowing them to provide humanitarian relief after major disasters department hq to determine minimum crew requirement smoke exhaust high foam vehicle japanese 排煙 高発泡車 hepburn haien kō happō sha these vehicles are designed to respond to fires in underground and confined spaces they are capable of extracting heavy amounts of smoke from confined areas with large suction fans creating survivable conditions for people trapped inside as well as being capable of flooding confined spaces with high expanding firefighting foam extinguishing any fires without having to commit firefighters into the dangerous area department hq to determine minimum crew requirement support vehicle japanese 支援車 hepburn shien sha these vehicles exist to provide rehabilitation areas for firefighters during protracted incidents depending on the setup of the vehicle and the equipment provided they can provide rest areas hot or cold food and drink toilets and showers department hq to determine minimum crew requirement personnel transport vehicle japanese 人員輸送車 hepburn jin in yusō sha normally based on a minivan chassis these vehicles exist to transport large numbers of firefighting personnel to and from the scene of an emergency in addition they can also act as a rest area for firefighters on scene or be used to transport large numbers of walking wounded at mass casualty incidents department hq to determine minimum crew requirement long distance large volume water transport vehicle japanese 遠距離大量送水車 hepburn enkyori tairyō sōsui sha these vehicles somewhat analogously to the high volume pumps used in british fire and rescue services contain long stretches of wide bore hose and a high strength water pump allowing water to be drawn from open bodies of water such as rivers lakes or the sea and pumped significant distances to where it is needed for firefighting these vehicles were introduced following the great hanshin awaji earthquake as a response to the lack of water which hindered firefighters in the aftermath department hq to determine minimum crew requirement the fdma regulations also require departments to hold a certain number of vehicles as emergency spare trucks for use when frontline vehicles are unavailable in addition to the vehicles laid out in the fdma regulations many fire departments across japan especially those in larger cities maintain other types of specialist vehicles special disaster response vehicle hazmat cbrn chief s command car heavy machinery transport vehicles fire motorcycle special advanced work vehicle water jet cutter and large blower fan fire safety edit japan can be considered a reasonably safe country in terms of fire safety in 2021 there were 0 5 deaths per 100 000 people as a result of fire and burns which was slightly higher than comparable european nations such as france and germany but lower than north american nations such as mexico and the usa 37 since 2015 the rate of building fires has generally trended downwards although the amount of loss caused by these fires has increased on the other hand the rate of wildfire in japan has been steadily increasing since 2015 both in terms of the gross number of fires and in their average area burned 38 in 2025 the leading causes of building fires in japan were arson smoking and hot plates in kitchens 38 see also edit law enforcement in japan health care system in japan emergency medical services in japan list of comparative firefighting ranks geography of firefighting references edit 1 2 3 matsukata fuyuko 2014 01 28 fires and recoveries witnessed by the dutch in edo and nagasaki the great fire of meire...