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flavin group wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 redox properties toggle redox properties subsection 1 1 photoreduction 2 in biology toggle in biology subsection 2 1 fad fadh and fadh 2 2 2 fmn 3 see also 4 references 5 further reading toggle the table of contents flavin group 24 languages العربية català čeština deutsch español suomi français galego עברית bahasa indonesia italiano ქართული қазақша 한국어 nederlands português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina српски srpski svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia group of chemical compounds riboflavin a flavin vitamin flavins from latin flavus yellow refers generally to the class of organic compounds generally derived from isoalloxazine by varying the r group shown flavins have extensive reduction oxidation chemistry and are named for the characteristic yellow color they exhibit in certain oxidation states their importance derives from biology flavins are ubiquitous cofactors for biochemical redox reactions particularly the electron transport chain despite the lexicographic similarity flavins are chemically and biologically distinct from the flavanoids and flavonols redox properties edit isoalloxazine is a chemically aromatic compound with multiple rings and quinone like oxygenation it and the flavins in general are thus capable of undergoing single electron oxidation reduction reactions reduction is made with the addition of hydrogen atoms to specific nitrogen atoms on the isoalloxazine ring system equilibrium between the oxidized left and totally reduced right forms of flavin in aqueous solution flavins are yellow coloured when oxidized taking a red colour in the semi reduced anionic state or blue in the neutral semiquinone state and colourless when totally reduced 1 the oxidized and reduced forms are in fast equilibrium with the semiquinone radical form shifted against the formation of the radical 2 fl ox fl red h 2 flh where fl ox is the oxidized flavin fl red h 2 the reduced flavin upon addition of two hydrogen atoms and flh the semiquinone form addition of one hydrogen atom photoreduction edit both free and protein bound flavins are photoreducible that is able to be reduced by light the process is mediated by several organic compounds such as some amino acids carboxylic acids and amines 2 this property of flavins is exploited by various light sensitive proteins for example the lov domain found in many species of plant fungi and bacteria undergoes a reversible light dependent structural change which involves the formation of a bond between a cysteine residue in its peptide sequence and a bound fmn 3 in biology edit the biochemical source of flavin is the yellow b vitamin riboflavin the flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin adenine dinucleotide fad in other circumstances it is found as flavin mononucleotide or fmn a phosphorylated form of riboflavin it is in one or the other of these forms that flavin is present as a prosthetic group in flavoproteins fad fadh and fadh 2 edit fad main article flavin adenine dinucleotide flavin adenine dinucleotide is a group bound to many enzymes including ferredoxin nadp reductase monoamine oxidase d amino acid oxidase glucose oxidase xanthine oxidase and acyl coa dehydrogenase citation needed fadh and fadh 2 are reduced forms of fad fadh 2 is produced as a prosthetic group in succinate dehydrogenase an enzyme involved in the citric acid cycle in oxidative phosphorylation two molecules of fadh 2 typically yield 1 5 atp each or three atp combined citation needed fadh 2 is one of the cofactors that can transfer electrons to the electron transfer chain fmn edit main article flavin mononucleotide fmn flavin mononucleotide is a prosthetic group found in among other proteins nadh dehydrogenase e coli nitroreductase and old yellow enzyme citation needed see also edit pteridine pterin deazaflavin 5 deazaflavin references edit michaelis l schubert mp smythe cv 1936 potentiometric study of the flavins journal of biological chemistry 116 2 587 607 doi 10 1016 s0021 9258 18 74634 6 archived from the original on 2009 08 08 retrieved 2008 04 25 1 2 massey v stankovich m hemmerich p january 1978 light mediated reduction of flavoproteins with flavins as catalysts biochemistry 17 1 1 8 doi 10 1021 bi00594a001 pmid 618535 alexandre mt domratcheva t bonetti c van wilderen lj van grondelle r groot ml hellingwerf kj kennis jt july 2009 primary reactions of the lov2 domain of phototropin studied with ultrafast mid infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry biophysical journal 97 1 227 37 bibcode 2009bpj 97 227a doi 10 1016 j bpj 2009 01 066 pmc 2711383 pmid 19580760 further reading edit voet d voet jg 2004 biochemistry 3rd ed john wiley sons isbn 0 471 39223 5 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title flavin_group oldid 1366124852 categories cellular respiration flavins hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from august 2025 this page was last edited on 26 july 2026 at 12 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents flavin group 24 languages add topic