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the (318), fort (126), and (90), laramie (73), was (59), national (53), #historic (45), wyoming (31), from (27), with (24), site (21), edit (21), for (21), trail (20), were (20), john (19), this (18), west (16), river (16), army (15), oregon (15), had (15), american (14), register (14), buildings (14), fur (13), post (13), built (13), 1849 (12), states (12), war (12), park (12), north (12), platte (12), military (11), places (11), service (11), company (10), old (10), that (10), areas (9), united (9), south (9), state (9), two (9), during (9), his (9), william (9), wikipedia (8), links (8), history (8), other (8), quarters (8), trails (8), years (8), adobe (8), use (7), established (7), mormon (7), also (7), building (7), later (7), area (7), after (7), 1866 (7), east (7), trade (7), along (7), articles (6), county (6), sites (6), first (6), bridger (6), district (6), new (6), california (6), one (6), original (6), 1834 (6), cavalry (6), these (6), emigrant (6), name (6), 104 (6), 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amette valley and oregon city one of the early principal owner trappers was william sublette and the fort was called fort william 8 before being sold to the american fur company in 1841 john jacob astor the founder had left his company a decade before the name was changed to fort john after john sarpy a partner in the company 9 the 1846 treaties established relatively stable western territories after viable routes west had become well published by the time the westward migration along the oregon trail had markedly increased the us army had become tenants in the fort as well the fort was located along the laramie river just south of its mouth onto the north platte river fort john fort laramie was originally built of logs in 1834 then rebuilt in adobe in 1841 this digital reconstruction from a national park service cyark project is based on archaeological data descriptions and illustrations from the period when the fort still stood it shows the south and east facades of the high walled fort john as a private trading post it was fortified chiefly to prevent theft of the valuable furs the name fort john fell into disuse following the military takeover of the fort in 1849 and disappeared from records by 1860 on the opposite bank the town of fort laramie developed both were later renamed to match the river s eponym geographically the site is situated just east of the steeper foothills terrain to the west sometimes called high plains that ascends to the east side of the rocky mountains proper this ascent was among the few roadways accessible by the wagons pioneers used to the west it passed through the continental divide and reached the west slopes of the rockies along a network of river valleys connecting to the far west via south pass near the head waters of the north platte the strategic site on the eastern plains also had large grazing areas where migrants could rest their draft animals before tackling the mountains people could set up camps do laundry and heal before beginning anew the rigors of the westward trail in 1845 the nearby fort bernard was established about 8 miles 13 km east farther down the north platte river in hopes of getting some of the growing emigrant trail trade with western bound wagon trains this much smaller fort undersold the laramie operation it offered a connection south via a crude mule train road to the santa fe trail via colorado fort bernard burnt down in 1866 and was never rebuilt 10 only a few years later the transcontinental railway joined the two american sea coasts and train travel largely replaced the overland travel along the emigrant trails frontier army post edit fort laramie 1858 by samuel c mills this year gold was discovered at cherry creek near denver prompting the colorado gold rush even at a distance of more than 200 miles 320 km from denver fort laramie became one of these miners major connections to the world back east the fort was purchased from bruce husband a member of the american fur company for 4 000 in june 1849 by us army lt daniel p woodbury on behalf of the united states government three companies of cavalry arrived at the fort that same month and company g the 6th infantry the post s permanent garrison for many years arrived on august 12 1849 8 by 1849 gold seekers had joined the oregon bound settlers and mormons heading to utah and westward travelers were estimated to number between 20 000 and 40 000 in 1849 the fort itself occupied a location where the westward trail diverged in the direction of either oregon salt lake city or california based on contemporary accounts travelers would remain at the fort several days to mail letters exchange or purchase cattle replenish their provisions and reset wagon tires 11 the fort was taken over by the army largely to protect and supply emigrants along the emigrant trails in 1851 the first treaty of fort laramie was signed 6 168 182 resulting in relatively peaceful relations between the whites and the native americans during the 1850s though troops from the fort made up the small force that was killed during the grattan massacre of 1854 under the command of second lieutenant john lawrence grattan during the increasing strife of the 1860s the fort took on a more military posture fort laramie was never seriously threatened by indian attacks during the quarter century of intermittent warfare sparked by the grattan massacre however a number of civilians were killed in the immediate area and their property destroyed or stolen during this period of hostilities on the plains the last known death occurred in march 1877 on the big bitter cottonwood creek 12 the earliest surviving photograph of fort laramie taken in 1858 by samuel c mills shows the remains of the old adobe walled fur trade fort fort john flanked by a cluster of scattered wood and adobe buildings around the parade grounds architecture edit after fort laramie was purchased by the military on june 26 1849 numerous buildings were constructed in the following years as construction began many different factors were hindering progress amongst these issues included a lack of laborers the cold winters lack of water and a limited supply of wood and stone in the surrounding area one solution to these issues was the use of adobe bricks in building adobe bricks were a cheaper material that could provide needed insulation in the cold climate alongside adobe bricks many buildings are made using concrete and some wood use as well this use of multiple building materials gives fort laramie a unique aesthetic 13 built in 1849 old bedlam is the oldest known u s military structure in wyoming and fort laramie s most commonly noted building old bedlam served as the original officer quarters for fort laramie it was used by officers of various rank and marital status since no other housing was yet available old bedlam offered very little privacy utilizing public kitchen areas and soldiers often sharing rooms in 1881 old bedlam was turned into a duplex 14 also originally built in 1849 was the post traders store this store provided supplies for all sorts of people including the army native americans and pioneers traveling west throughout the years the fort was running numerous additions were added to the post traders store and complex in 1852 the northern section was built from stone this became the store headquarters additions were made again in 1883 to serve as a bar and officers club housing 14 the first hospital in fort laramie was built from adobe bricks with a log roof in 1856 it had two rooms with eight beds each the first hospital was expanded in 1858 with an additional room kitchen dinning and laundry area then in 1871 a new hospital was built in fort laramie originally based on a military standardized hospital plan the first wing of this hospital was completed in 1873 1874 but the original plans were never finished porches were added around the building to help with the harsh weather 15 over the years fort laramie was operational several more buildings were built for housing firstly the captains quarters were built from 1868 1870 the plans for the captains quarters were altered midway through construction resulting in a duplex with a thin staircase next was the construction of the cavalry barracks in 1872 1874 this two story building is the only barracks left at fort laramie the cavalry barracks had two large rooms on the second floor each would hold roughly 60 men another quarters known as the post surgeon quarters was finished in 1875 and lived in for the next 15 years by the surgeon and his family the post surgeon quarters have been reconstructed to resemble the 1880 s following this was the construction of the lt col quarters known as burt house in 1884 made with lime grout concrete burt house was intended for the lt col and his family burt house is currently restored to 1887 1888 when lt col andrew burt and his family lived there 14 fort laramie also has two surviving guardhouses the old guardhouse built in 1866 was the second guardhouse in fort laramie this building usually had guards on duty for 24 hours a day and could hold up to 40 prisoners in the lower level the new guardhouse was built to relieve the old guardhouse from overcrowding in 1876 14 many ruins of old structures are present at fort laramie historic site with the remaining structures making up only a third of the buildings that were once at fort laramie 14 civil war 1861 1865 edit with the outbreak of the american civil war in 1861 the troops at fort laramie were withdrawn to fight the confederate states army in the east to take their place a series of volunteer regiments soon arrived at fort laramie including the 11th ohio cavalry serving until they were mustered out in 1866 between october 1864 and october 1866 at least two companies from various units of galvanized yankees confederate prisoners of war recruited in the union army were stationed at fort laramie red cloud s war 1866 1868 edit on christmas night in 1866 john portuguese phillips ended his historic horseback ride at fort laramie after riding 236 miles 380 km from the powder river country his entire unit had been killed in a fight with the sioux under red cloud and he had ridden to get reinforcements for fort phil kearny legend maintains that phillips thoroughbred horse dropped dead upon arriving at the fort it is unclear whether phillips kept the same mount for the entire ride phillips crossed hostile indian country and had to make most of the journey during a brutal wyoming blizzard in the late 1860s the fort was the primary staging ground for the united states in the powder river country during red cloud s war in 1868 the parties reached a peace agreement codified as the second treaty of fort laramie great sioux war of 1876 1877 edit the discovery of gold in the black hills touched off another period of conflict with the lakota and northern cheyenne as the united states violated their previous promise to keep the hills limited to the sioux miners invaded the territory and us forces came into conflict during the great sioux war of 1876 fort laramie served as a major staging point for supplies and troops final years edit after the completion of the transcontinental railroad the fort s importance gradually decreased fewer wagon trains journeyed west and regional native americans had been largely subdued the fort was decommissioned in 1890 16 the original abandonment order was issued in 1889 and four of the infantry companies stationed there at that time went to fort logan near denver colorado that fall in march 1890 about 30 cavalry soldiers and civilian mechanics under the command of lt c w taylor arrived at the fort and removed doors windows flooring and any other material from the buildings that was thought to be of value to the government the last soldiers left fort laramie on april 20 1890 all but one of the structures were sold at auction to private citizens the entire military reservation which was nine miles long and six miles wide was opened up to homesteaders for settlement on october 5 1891 17 historic district edit the federal government repurchased the site in 1938 and began reconstructing the fort for preservation purposes the fort laramie national monument was established which became the fort laramie national historic site in 1960 16 in a 1983 document the national park service nps describes a 536 acre historic district within the larger national historic site containing all of the historic structures buildings ruins and sites as well as a separate area containing a bridge the nps identified 36 significant physical remains that provide the background for the events and the people associated with fort laramie these included 13 standing buildings 11 standing ruins and several buildings where only the foundations remain 2 in popular culture edit radio edit in the 1950s a fictionalized account of life at the fort during the 19th century was depicted in the cbs radio program fort laramie film and television edit in the movie white feather 1955 fort laramie is at the center of events based on the lives of land surveyor joshua tanner and colonel lindsay of the 6th u s cavalry the fort is central to a number of chapters in james a michener s novel centennial and the later miniseries the fort is also featured in taylor sheridan s fictional depiction of oregon trail migration in the tv series 1883 which serves as a prequel to the series yellowstone games edit fort laramie is one of several stops in the oregon trail 1971 computer game series fort laramie was an ally of chayton black in the mission the bozeman trail in age of empires iii the war chiefs 2006 an expansion pack to age of empires iii 2005 see also edit fort laramie three mile hog ranch the fort s off post social center list of the oldest buildings in wyoming references edit nps annual recreation visits report national park service retrieved march 23 2026 1 2 tami canaday september 15 1983 national register of historic places inventory nomination form fort laramie national historic site pdf national park service retrieved april 6 2015 two photos 1976 and 50 photos 1983 national register information system national register of historic places national park service july 9 2010 griske michael ed 2005 the diaries of john hunton heritage books pp 54 55 isbn 0 7884 3804 2 l g flannery 1928 a short history of old fort laramie incorporated in the diaries of john hunton made to last written to last sagas of the western frontier edited by michael griske 2005 maryland heritage books 1 2 vestal stanley 1970 jim bridger mountain man lincoln university of nebraska press pp 110 111 isbn 978 0803257207 russell osborne 2001 haines aubrey ed journal of a trapper in the rocky mountains between 1834 and 1843 santa barbara the narrative press pp 127 135 isbn 978 1589760523 1 2 griske op cit p 55 fort john wyoming places wiki permanent dead link unruh john 1993 the plains across the overland emigrants and the trans mississippi west 1840 60 university of illinois press isbn 978 0 252 06360 2 hogland alison k army architecture in the west forts laramie bridger and d a russell 1849 1912 university of oklahoma press p 13 griske op cit pp 55 63 murray robert 1974 fort laramie visions of a grand past fort collins colorado the old army press 1 2 3 4 5 wayland andrew 2018 fort laramie a historic guide to the west historic buildings guide 29 38 hoagland alison 1998 the invariable model standardization and military architecture in wyoming 1860 1890 journal of the society of architectural historians 57 3 298 315 1 2 speck gary b 2024 the northwestern states ghost towns america s abandoned sites and settlements morton grove il publishers international pp 92 93 isbn 978 1 63938 623 9 griske op cit pp 56 57 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to fort laramie national historic site fort laramie national historic site national park service fort laramie national historic site wyoming state histori...