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Text of the page (random words):
french braille wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 letters 2 punctuation 3 formatting and mode 4 numbers 5 history 6 similar alphabets 7 notes 8 references toggle references subsection 8 1 sources toggle the table of contents french braille 3 languages فارسی bahasa indonesia nederlands edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia original braille alphabet used for french you can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in french click show for important translation instructions view a machine translated version of the french article machine translation like deepl or google translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must follow the llm translation guideline revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the english wikipedia consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 285 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality if possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article you must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation a model attribution edit summary is content in this edit is translated from the existing french wikipedia article at fr braille see its history for attribution you may also add the template translated fr braille to the talk page for more guidance see wikipedia translation this article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations april 2022 learn how and when to remove this message french braille script type alphabet non linear creator louis braille period 1837 print basis french alphabet languages french related scripts parent systems night writing early braille french braille child systems english braille german braille arabic braille etc etc unicode unicode range u 2800 to u 283f french braille is the original braille alphabet and the basis of almost all others the alphabetic order of french has become the basis of the international braille convention used by most braille alphabets around the world however only the 25 basic letters of the french alphabet plus w have become internationalized the additional letters are largely restricted to french braille and the alphabets of some neighboring european countries letters edit the final form of braille s alphabet according to henri 1952 the decade diacritics are listed at left and the supplementary letters are assigned to the appropriate decade at right characters are derived by combining the diacritic on the left with the basic letters at top 1 indicates markers for musical and mathematical notation parentheses and quotation marks follow english braille usage the number sign is used to create several arithmetical symbols which are no longer in use or that continue in antoine notation the original french braille alphabet according to loomis 1942 most accented letters of the 1829 version have been replaced with digraphs but these are not used today in numerical order by decade the letters are a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5 f 6 g 7 h 8 i 9 j 0 k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z ç é à è ù â 1 ê 2 î 3 ô 4 û 5 ë 6 ï 7 ü 8 œ ö 9 w for the purposes of accommodating a foreign alphabet the letters ì ä ò may be added ì æ ä ò there are also numerous contractions and abbreviations in french braille punctuation edit punctuation is as follows subscript a b c the lower values are readings within numbers after the antoine number marker see below formatting and mode edit formatting and mode changing marks are capitals emphasis start end super script symbol currency traditional number antoine number as in english braille the capital sign is doubled for all caps and are used to begin and end emphasis within a word the symbol marker combines with a following initial letter to produce the following the currency marker combines with a following initial for it is also used in comic strips speech bubble thought bubble numbers edit the traditional system of digits is to add the number sign in front of the letters of the first decade a j with being 1 and being 0 this is the internationally recognized number system however in french braille a new system the antoine braille digits is used for mathematics and is recommended for all academic publications this uses combined with the first nine letters of the fourth decade from for 1 to for 9 with the preceding for 0 the period decimal and fraction bar also change the antoine numbers are being promoted in france and luxembourg but are not much used with french braille in quebec french braille digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 traditional antoine see the punctuation section above for antoine mathematical notation history edit a page from an undated early braille textbook showing both readings with additional readings not included in loomis it is captioned écritare à l usage des aveugles procédé de l braille professeur à l institut n l des j nes aveugles for the early history of braille including obsolete characters see 1829 braille readings have changed slightly since modern braille was first published in 1837 the greatest change has been various secondary readings which were added to the alphabet and then abandoned historical readings in loomis 1942 dec numeric sequence supp a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5 f 6 g 7 h 8 i 9 j 0 k l m n o p q r s t ì ian æ ien u v x y z ç oin é à è ù ieu ò ion num â an ê in î on ô un û eu ë ou ï oi ü ch œ gn w i ll cap ital similar alphabets edit in general only the assignments of the basic 26 letters of the french alphabet are retained in other braille alphabets for example among the additional letters in german braille only ü and ö coincide with french braille however there are several alphabets which are much more closely related italian braille is identical to the french apart from doubling up french braille ò to italian ó and ò since french has no ó indeed a principal difference of these alphabets is the remapping of french vowels with a grave accent à è ì ò ù to an acute accent á é í ó ú as the french alphabet does not support acute accents apart from é spanish changes all five of these vowels as well as taking ü portuguese braille is also very similar to the french though the shift of grave to acute accents necessitated a chain of other changes such as circumflex to grave and the portuguese tildes were taken from french diaereses portuguese ã õ for french ä ö œ the continental scandinavian languages took the extended french letters â for å ä æ and ö ø vietnamese braille is also quite similar though it has added tone letters and uses french z for d which is pronounced like z related alphabets braille french ç é à è ù â ê î ô û ë ï ü œ ö w ì æ ä ò portuguese ç é à è ù â ê í ô ú á ï ü õ ò w ì ã ó catalan ç é à è ú ï ü ó w í ò spanish galician á é ú ñ ü w í ó italian é à è ù ó w ì ò luxembourgish old é ë w ä scandinavian d å ö ø w ä æ vietnamese e e â ê ô ư ơ e ă e braille patterns catalan braille adds for print l l and spanish braille uses french ï for the non french consonant ñ luxembourgish braille has since switch to eight point braille adding a dot at point 8 for the three vowels with accents punctuation and formatting are in general similar as well though changes in french punctuation over time means that some languages use older french conventions for example french parentheses and quotation marks originally had the opposite values they do today values which remain in english braille other changes have accrued over time and in some cases vary from country to country for example italian braille uses the old french quotation marks and asterisk but also shifted the old french parentheses to brackets and innovated for parentheses in addition it uses point 3 for both apostrophe and full stop period a sample of moon type in various languages including french moon type is a simplification of the latin alphabet for embossing an adaptation of french reading blind people has been proposed notes edit the space in numbers between thousands also marks the end of a verse used to mark a footnote or endnote swedish danish norwegian and finnish 1 2 3 4 vietnamese à è ì ò ù are written as a tone letter plus a e i o u references edit sources edit code braille français uniformisé pour la transcription des textes imprimés cbfu pdf 2nd ed 2008 archived from the original pdf on 2012 10 04 commission evolution du braille français september 1999 code de transcription en braille des textes imprimes pdf 2nd ed archived from the original pdf on 2007 10 28 loomis m s 1942 the braille reference book henri pierre 1952 la vie et l œvre de louis braille paris puf giaa v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title french_braille oldid 1255299333 categories french ordered braille alphabets french language hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing translation from french wikipedia articles lacking in text citations from april 2022 all articles lacking in text citations this page was last edited on 4 november 2024 at 05 25 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search 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