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Text of the page (random words):
frenchville french wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 geographic distribution 3 sounds and phonology toggle sounds and phonology subsection 3 1 rhoticization of ø and œ 4 grammar toggle grammar subsection 4 1 morphology 4 2 syntax 4 3 vocabulary 5 examples 6 references toggle the table of contents frenchville french add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia french dialect of frenchville pennsylvania us frenchville french français de frènchville native to frenchville pennsylvania native speakers 2 2007 1 language family indo european italic latino faliscan latinic romance italo western western romance gallo iberian 2 gallo romance gallo rhaetian 3 arpitan oïl oïl francien zone french frenchville french language codes iso 639 3 frenchville french is a moribund french dialect spoken in frenchville pennsylvania united states frenchville is a small community of covington township in clearfield county the language was the subject of fieldwork by linguist barbara bullock the co author of a range of journal articles relating to phonological patterns observed in french dialects 1 4 5 6 7 history edit the settlement of frenchville covington township was established in 1835 by messrs zavron and john keaton in order to settle a debt made by a person in philadelphia zavron who was a merchant in paris france persuaded around 40 families to emigrate to the property within five years with the help of a german agent the settlers were from haute saône and haute marne eastern departments of france 8 frenchville is hidden by hills and is not surrounded by major cities or landmarks but visitors can see a graveyard containing a life sized christ figure on a large cross that overlooks the enclosed town the settlers who worked in farms mines and railroads used minimal english when necessary and as a result of not having exposure to french words for new inventions word borrowing took place for words such as television and radio 9 until sometime in the 1960s primary schooling was local 8 9 10 since the school system after the late 1960s discouraged french speakers from using the language written french literacy was hardly if ever achieved by the residents 9 1 while the fourth generation is able to understand the french language and not speak it the younger generations are unable to do either 9 5 geographic distribution edit frenchville french is native to frenchville covington township it is currently of moribund status 8 4 in the year 2000 it was reported that there were 621 inhabitants and out of that number 182 were of french descent 5 there are no other variants of this language and no other languages have been recorded as derivations of it sounds and phonology edit frenchville french uses two distinctive low vowels a and ɑ which are no longer used in many of the regions of france 4 6 the word final r is not consistently used in frenchville french even though it is pronounced in standard french soir evening standard french swar frenchville french swɑ reduction of vowels other than schwa also occurs in unstressed syllables véritable truly standard french veritabl frenchville french vεrtabl stress initial patterns in this language also separate it from standard french the three forms of the standard french r are used in frenchville french even when the words are borrowed from english 4 rhoticization of ø and œ edit unlike standard french where œ and ø hold both contrastive and allophonic relationships with one another depending on stress frenchville french pronounces these two sounds word finally similarly to the rhoticized schwa ɚ of american english 4 6 11 grammar edit morphology edit frenchville french has inconsistencies in gender assignment and agreement when compared with standard french 4 over use of the infinitive form for verbs where finite forms are to be expected are also observed finally the third person plural subject pronoun is no longer ils masculine and elles feminine but eux 4 7 syntax edit english word order is used in relative clauses for frenchville french since the preposition is stranded in the final position in contrast to standard french where prepositions lead into the relative 4 7 vocabulary edit the vocabulary of frenchville french observes those of the northern regions of france galendure frenchville french vs mur standard french wall septante frenchville french vs soixante dix standard french 4 it also involves english borrowed words such as shed corn television and remote 9 4 examples edit the following sentences are taken from one of three interview sessions 2002 2003 and 2007 with one of the two remaining speakers of frenchville 1 these brothers are known as k or ke and n or ne for the duration of the research project and the samples from this project have been used for linguistic studies 5 4 1 the questions asked involved the brothers family work and memories of frenchville as a bilingual community 1 this sentence was spoken by n during the interview si mon grand père pi mère pi mon père prononçaient pas comme il faut on prononçait pas comme il faut non plus if my grandfather and mother and my father didn t pronounce as they should have we didn t pronounce as one should either 1 this sentence was used as evidence for overuse of the infinitive for verb ma femme ne parler inf pas sa femme ne parler inf pas cf parle my wife doesn t speak his wife doesn t speak 5 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 bullock barbara 2009 prosody in contact in french a case study from a heritage variety in the usa international journal of bilingualism 13 2 165 194 doi 10 1177 1367006909339817 s2cid 144164852 hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin bank sebastian 2022 05 24 glottolog 4 8 shifted western romance glottolog max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology archived from the original on 2023 11 27 retrieved 2023 11 11 hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin bank sebastian 2022 05 24 glottolog 4 8 oil glottolog max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology archived from the original on 2023 11 11 retrieved 2023 11 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 bullock b e gerfen c 2004 frenchville french a case study in phonological attrition international journal of bilingualism 8 3 303 320 1 2 3 4 5 bullock b e gerfen c 2005 the preservation of schwa in the converging phonological system of frenchville pa french bilingualism language and cognition 8 02 117 130 1 2 3 bullock b e dalola a gerfen c 2006 mapping the patterns of maintenance versus merger in bilingual phonology the preservation of a vs a in frenchville french in jean pierre y montreuil ed new perspectives on romance linguistics phonetics phonology and dialectology vol 2 selected papers from the 35th linguistic symposium on romance languages lsrl austin texas february 2005 1 2 3 bullock b e gerfen c 2004 phonological convergence in a contracting language variety bilingualism 7 2 95 104 1 2 3 mignot margaret 1968 history of the french settlers in covington and girard townships 1 2 3 4 5 pitzer sara 27 september 1974 the mystery of frenchville pdf today 10 19 les derniers français de frenchville mougeon f uritescu d 2006 the last frenchmen of frenchville la linguistique 42 1 115 128 hualde j i 2004 phonological change in a small language community bilingualism 7 2 105 106 v t e gallo romance languages and dialects areal groups canadian french langues d oïl antillean creole dominican grenadian saint lucian bourbonnais creoles agalega chagossian mauritian réunion rodriguan seychellois french acadian chiac st marys bay african abidjan kinshasa aostan belgian métis new england québécois joual magoua cambodian francien frenchville haitian houma french indian jersey legal laotian middle french meridional metropolitan missouri muskrat newfoundland ontarian saint barthélemy saint pierre and miquelon standard swiss vietnamese norman anglo norman augeron auregnais cauchois cotentinais guernésiais jèrriais law french old norman sercquiais others angevin berrichon bourbonnais burgundian burundi pidgin camfranglais champenois frainc comtou gallo guianese haitian creole karipúna creole labrador inuit pidgin lorrain gaumais welche louisiana creole louisiana french michif moselle romance nouchi old french orléanais petit nègre picard poitevin saintongeais poitevin saintongeais tayo tây bồi walloon wisconsin walloon zarphatic francoprovencalic franco provençal arpitan bolze faetar cigliàje friborgês jurassien mâconês savoyard valdôtain vâlsoanin italics indicate extinct languages or dialects a star indicates varieties with more than 5 million speakers languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title frenchville_french oldid 1373489957 categories clearfield county pennsylvania french language in the united states french american culture in pennsylvania languages attested since the 1830s languages of pennsylvania endangered romance languages endangered diaspora languages endangered languages of the united states hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata language articles without language codes language articles missing glottolog code articles containing french language text this page was last edited on 6 september 2026 at 06 41 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents frenchville french add languages add topic