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freshwater prawn farming wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 species 2 biology of macrobrachium rosenbergii 3 technology 4 economics 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents freshwater prawn farming 2 languages français 한국어 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia aquaculture of shrimp or prawns a farmer constructing a shrimp farm in pekalongan indonesia a freshwater prawn farm is an aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawns or shrimp 1 for human consumption freshwater prawn farming shares many characteristics with and many of the same problems as marine shrimp farming unique problems are introduced by the developmental life cycle of the main species the giant river prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii 1 the global annual production of freshwater prawns excluding crayfish and crabs in 2003 was about 280 000 tons of which china produced some 180 000 tons followed by india and thailand with some 35 000 tons each additionally china produced about 370 000 tons of chinese river crab eriocheir sinensis 2 species edit all farmed freshwater prawns today belong to the genus macrobrachium until 2000 the only species farmed was the giant river prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii also known as the malaysian prawn since then china has begun farming the oriental river prawn m nipponense in large quantities and india farms a small amount of monsoon river prawn m malcolmsonii in 2003 these three species accounted for all farmed freshwater prawns about two thirds m rosenbergii and one third m nipponense about 200 species in the genus macrobrachium live in the tropical and subtropical climates on all continents except europe and antarctica biology of macrobrachium rosenbergii edit giant river prawns live in turbid freshwater but their larval stages require brackish water to survive males can reach a body size of 32 cm females grow to 25 cm in mating the male deposits spermatophores on the underside of the female s thorax between the walking legs the female then extrudes eggs which pass through the spermatophores the female carries the fertilized eggs with her until they hatch the time may vary but is generally less than three weeks a large female may lay up to 100 000 eggs from these eggs hatch zoeae the first larval stage of crustaceans they drift towards brackish waters where they go through several larval stages before metamorphosing into postlarvae at which stage they are about 8 mm long and have all the characteristics of adults this metamorphosis usually takes place about 32 to 35 days after hatching these postlarvae then migrate back into freshwater there are three different morphotypes of males the first stage is called small male sm this smallest stage has short nearly translucent claws if conditions allow small males grow and metamorphose into orange claw oc males which have large orange claws on their second chelipeds which may have a length of 0 8 to 1 4 times their body size oc males later may transform into the third and final stage the blue claw bc males these have blue claws and their second chelipeds may become twice as long as their body 3 male m rosenbergii prawns have a strict hierarchy the territorial bc males dominate the ocs which in turn dominate the sms the presence of bc males inhibits the growth of sms and delays the metamorphosis of ocs into bcs an oc will keep growing until it is larger than the largest bc male in its neighbourhood before transforming all three male stages are sexually active though and females which have undergone their premating molt will cooperate with any male to reproduce bc males protect the females until their shells have hardened ocs and sms show no such behavior technology edit freshwater prawn farm in bangladesh giant river prawns have been farmed using traditional methods in southeast asia for a long time first experiments with artificial breeding cultures of m rosenbergii were done in the early 1960s in malaysia where it was discovered that the larvae needed brackish water for survival industrial scale rearing processes were perfected in the early 1970s in hawaii and spread first to taiwan and thailand and then to other countries the technologies used in freshwater prawn farming are basically the same as in marine shrimp farming hatcheries produce postlarvae which then are grown and acclimated in nurseries before being transferred into growout ponds where the prawns are then fed and grown until they reach marketable size harvesting is done by either draining the pond and collecting the animals batch harvesting or by fishing the prawns out of the pond using nets continuous operation due to the aggressive nature of m rosenbergii and the hierarchy between males stocking densities are much lower than in marine penaeid shrimp farms intensive farming is not possible due to the increased level of cannibalism so all farms are either stocked semi intensively 4 to 20 postlarvae per square metre or in extensive farms at even lower densities 1 to 4 m 2 the management of the growout ponds must take into account the growth characteristics of m rosenbergii the presence of blue claw males inhibits the growth of small males and delays the metamorphosis of oc males into bcs some farms fish off the largest prawns from the pond using seines to ensure a healthy composition of the pond s population designed to optimize the yield even if they employ batch harvesting the heterogeneous individual growth of m rosenbergii makes growth control necessary even if a pond is stocked newly starting from scratch some animals will grow faster than others and become dominant bcs stunting the growth of other individuals the fao considers the ecological impact of freshwater prawn farming to be less severe than in shrimp farming the prawns are cultured at much lower densities meaning less concentrated waste products and a lesser danger of the ponds becoming breeding places for diseases the growout ponds do not salinate agricultural land as do those of inland marine shrimp farms however the lower yield per area means that the income per ha is also lower and a given area can support fewer humans this limits the culture area to low value lands where intensification is not required freshwater prawn farms do not endanger mangroves and are better amenable to small scale businesses run by a family 4 however like marine farmed shrimp m rosenbergii is also susceptible to a variety of viral or bacterial diseases 5 including white tail disease 6 also called white muscle disease 7 economics edit the global annual production of freshwater prawns in 2003 was about 280 000 tonnes of which china produced some 180 000 tonnes followed by india and thailand with some 35 000 tonnes each other major producer countries are taiwan bangladesh and vietnam in the united states only a few hundred small farms for m rosenbergii produced about 50 tonnes in 2003 see also edit crustaceans portal the technologies used in freshwater prawn farming but also the ecological problems associated with this industry are basically the same as for marine shrimp farming and are discussed in that article references edit new m b farming freshwater prawns fao fisheries technical paper 428 2002 issn 0429 9345 data extracted from the fao fisheries global aquaculture production database archived 2005 09 27 at the wayback machine for freshwater crustaceans the most recent data sets are for 2003 and sometimes contain estimates accessed june 28 2005 wynne f grow out culture of freshwater prawns in kentucky 2000 last accessed july 4 2005 fao cultured species fact sheet m rosenbergii permanent dead link accessed june 30 2005 has images tonguthai k diseases of the freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii archived 2005 12 11 at the wayback machine aahri newsletter 4 2 aquatic animal health research institute bangkok university december 1997 sahul hameed a s white tail disease of macrobrachium rosenbergii naca 2003 sahul hameed a s white tail disease disease card permanent dead link naca 2005 external links edit aquaculture of texas v t e fishing industry topics wild fisheries fishing industry aquarium fishery artisanal fishing bycatch commercial fishing declawing of crabs fish slaughter list of harvested aquatic animals by weight trawling overfishing pair trawling midwater trawling bottom trawling seining gillnetting longlining lobster fishing trolling dredging fishing vessels fish trap power block shark finning fisheries agulhas bank crab fisheries cod fisheries fishing by country fisheries management illegal fishing in africa krill fishery ocean fisheries world fish production north sea shrimp fishery aquaculture and farmed fisheries aquaculture aquaculture engineering aquaponics best practices copper alloys geothermal energy and aquaculture inland saline integrated multi trophic mariculture antimicrobials offshore organic raceway recirculating fish farming broodstock catfish cobia fish diseases and parasites fish farming fish feed fish hatchery fish stocking spawning bed salmon tilapia tailwater us hatcheries algaculture giant kelp microalgae microalgal bacterial flocs photobioreactor raceway pond seaweed other species brine shrimp coral freshwater prawns geoduck hirudiculture marine shrimp octopus oysters scallops sea cucumber sea sponges turtles by country australia canada chile china federated states of micronesia fiji indonesia kiribati madagascar marshall islands nauru new zealand palau papua new guinea philippines samoa solomon islands south africa south korea timor leste tonga tuvalu united kingdom united states alaska hawaii maine vanuatu seafood processing and marketing seafood processing fish processing fish factory factory ship fish preservation slurry ice dried fish filleted fish gibbing salmon cannery salted fish smoked fish kippers seafood products seafood fish as food cod liver oil fish products fish emulsion fish meal fish hydrolysate fish oil fish protein powder fish sauce gravlax hákarl lox lutefisk rakfisk roe bottarga caviar eoran red caviar pollock roe tobiko karasumi shrimp paste surimi surströmming seafood marketing fish marketing live fish trade shrimp marketing chasse marée fishmonger fishwife worshipful company of fishmongers fish markets billingsgate busan english ireland fulton garak honolulu huanan jagiroad jagalchi la nueva viga maine avenue muara angke nouakchott noryangjin oluwo pasil peterhead pike place sydney scania taipei toyosu tsukiji ulsan waterfront dubai v t e principal commercial fishery species groups wild large pelagic fish mackerel salmon shark swordfish tuna albacore bigeye atlantic bluefin pacific bluefin southern bluefin skipjack yellowfin forage fish anchovy capelin herring ilish menhaden sardines saury shad sprat european demersal fish catfish cod atlantic pacific alaska pollock flatfish flounder halibut plaice sole turbot haddock mullet orange roughy pollock rockfish smelt whitings toothfish freshwater fish carp sturgeon tilapia trout other wild fish eel whitebait more crustaceans crab krill lobster shrimp prawns more molluscs abalone mussels octopus oysters scallops squid more echinoderms sea cucumbers sea urchin more fisheries cod fisheries crab fisheries krill fishery lobster fishing shrimp fishery farmed carp bighead common crucian grass silver catfish freshwater prawns gilt head bream mussels oysters salmon atlantic salmon trout coho chinook scallops seaweed shrimp tilapia commercial fishing world fish production commercial species fishing topics fisheries glossary retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title freshwater_prawn_farming oldid 1223469725 categories palaemonoidea aquaculture hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata webarchive template wayback links all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from may 2024 articles with permanently dead external links articles with dead external links from november 2022 this page was last edited on 12 may 2024 at 10 07 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a 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