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o years earlier than anstis suggested 8 william bruges father richard left a will dated 4 july 1415 and split into two parts a testament dealing with his burial charitable bequests and legacies to his wife and a voluntas which dealt with personal bequests although the testament recorded in the london registry makes no mention of anyone other than richard s wife the voluntas copied in archbishop henry chichele s registers makes mention of his children reference is made to his son william variously called gien gyen and gartere and william s wife called agnes garter 9 the other register entries around the voluntas date to 1418 and 1419 so e f jacob the editor of a printed version of the register suggests that the references to garter may be a later gloss 10 but stanford london argued that later annotations would be consistent and refer to him as either garter and guyenne or simply garter throughout while agnes would not have been called just garter if it were a gloss instead he suggests that richard forgot to call his newly appointed son garter at first and later included it alongside his old title in the will 11 criticising this point peter begent finds no reference to bruges being called anything but guyenne or the equivalent title of aquitaine king of arms in records between 1415 and 1417 which is problematic for stanford london s position he argues that it is entirely possible that if not a gloss the voluntas was edited after 1415 as richard bruges included more bequests to his family 12 later history edit the garter principal king of arms was placed by king henry v over all the whole body of heralds 13 he may be said to have two distinct capacities united in his person one relative to the order of the garter the other as head of the college of arms and on this account he not only takes an oath in a chapter of the garter before the sovereign and knights but as king at arms another oath before the earl marshal and therefore he is styled both principal officer of arms of the most noble order of the garter and principal king of english arms 13 he has power to appoint a herald for his deputy he must be a native of england and a gentleman bearing arms 13 it was anciently held that he was to be neither a knight nor a clergyman but there has been one instance of a garter having been a foreigner and since the reign of henry vii many of them have received knighthood one was created a knight of the bath 13 the office entitles him to the privilege of correcting errors or usurpations in all armorial bearings to grant arms to such who deserve them to present to the house of lords a genealogy of every new peer to assign his place in the chamber of parliament and to give him and the knights of the bath supporters 13 coat of arms edit the official arms of the garter principal king of arms were in use by around 1520 they are argent a cross gules on a chief azure a crown enclosed in a garter between a lion passant guardant and a fleur de lis all or funding edit in addition to the official annual salary paid by the crown of 49 07 hm treasury pays garter king of arms for work undertaken for the government 14 as of 27 january 2021 the payments made to thomas woodcock since his appointment as garter totalled 651 515 14 additionally since 2018 the treasury has provided garter with an expenses fund of 35 000 per annum to cover business expenses such as secretarial support cleaning and postage 14 as of 27 january 2021 garter has received 74 579 02 to cover expenses 14 holders of the office edit portraits edit garter king of arms throughout the ages an illuminated manuscript from around 1430 showing william bruges the first garter king of arms kneeling before st george he was appointed in 1415 or 1417 sir edward walker who was garter during the interregnum sir william dugdale one of england s leading antiquaries was garter between 1677 and his death in 1686 as a king of arms he conducted visitations to 10 english counties john anstis garter from 1719 to 1744 stephen martin leake a noted numismatist served as garter for over 18 years 1754 73 interested in heralds privileges he unsuccessfully campaigned for a revival of their visitations although briefly garter between 1780 and 1784 ralph bigland was a late starter and quick riser beginning his adult life as a cheesemonger he is best remembered for his enormous collection of gloucestershire memorial inscriptions sir albert woods served as garter for nearly 35 years between 1869 and 1904 but old age forced him to delegate many of his coronation duties to other heralds in 1902 list edit arms name dates of office nb 1 notes ref william bruges by september 1417 nb 2 9 march 1450 the son of richard bruges lancaster king of arms bruges was appointed chester herald in 1398 making him part of the household of henry prince of wales and earl of chester later henry v he was employed by henry iv between 1407 and 1410 15 in 1413 he was appointed guyenne king of arms 16 and travelled with the king on his campaign at agincourt in 1415 he was entrusted with a number of diplomatic responsibilities and bore the title aquitaine king of arms interchangeably with guyenne 15 as garter he officiated at henry v s funeral and was frequently occupied with diplomatic missions under henry vi he attended the english heralds first chapter meeting in 1421 and was responsible for drafting the first armorial of the order of the garter in 1430 15 16 john smert 3 april 1450 before 6 july 1478 the parentage and origins of john smert are not known although he did hold land in gloucestershire and was possibly a lawyer he married a daughter of william bruges garter and may have been the guyenne king of arms mentioned in 1444 and sent on diplomatic duties in 1449 he was certainly guyenne by the time he was appointed garter smert was employed on a number of diplomatic missions including his attendance at princess margaret s marriage to charles the bold of burgundy in 1468 and a garter mission to burgundy the following year 17 17 john writhe or wrythe 6 july 1478 march or april 1504 the ancestry of john wrythe is not known but he was likely the son of william wrythe a receiver of the duke of somerset and briefly member of parliament for cricklade 18 a draper and citizen of london the younger wrythe was also said to have been antelope and rouge croix pursuivant but this is dismissed by modern scholars he was definitely faucon herald by 1474 and was appointed norroy king of arms in 1477 19 he took part in the funeral of edward iv and coronation of richard iii who confirmed him as garter in 1483 but he resigned on 4 january 1485 he resumed his office at the accession of henry vii which was confirmed by a patent of 13 february 1486 19 18 wrythe was sent on diplomatic missions to scotland ireland brittany calais burgundy and maximilian i holy roman emperor 19 he produced a magnificent book containing many pedigrees and drawings of arms belonging to knights of the garter 18 20 sir thomas wrythe alias wriothesley 26 january 1505 15 november 1534 the elder of son john wrythe garter wriothesley was made wallingford pursuivant and entered the service of prince arthur and then prince henry 21 as garter he attended henry viii at thérouanne the field of the cloth of gold and calais and was sent on garter missions to guidobaldo ii della rovere duke of urbino philip of castile ferdinand of austria and francis i of france otherwise he concerned himself with domestic matters including the funeral of henry vii the coronation of henry viii and the westminster tournament of 1511 22 he also effectively monopolised the granting of arms and was allowed to carry out visitations although another herald was permitted to conduct them independently in 1530 21 wriothesley s workshop produced prince arthur s book the westminster tournament roll and the parliament roll of 1512 alongside numerous pedigrees rolls of arms and books on heraldry 21 22 21 thomas wall 9 december 1534 27 june 1536 the son of thomas wall norroy the younger wall was appointed rouge croix in 1521 and windsor in 1525 he was engaged on a number of diplomatic missions during the 1520s and 1530s to france italy and austria as well as a garter mission to james v of scotland in 1535 he also compiled wall s book of arms college ms anstis 679 in 1530 and an alphabet of arms in the college s manuscript collection ms l 1 23 23 sir christopher barker 15 july 1536 2 january 1550 barker s father was from stokesley in yorkshire and his mother from a newcastle family called carlill or carlisle one of his uncles was christopher carlill norroy king of arms he was in charles brandon 1st duke of suffolk s service as lisle pursuivant c 1513 and then suffolk herald c 1517 before being appointed richmond herald at the college in 1522 and norroy in june 1536 he was attached to foreign missions between 1514 and 1544 the early instances with the duke of suffolk and later including work with the english embassy in spain and at the peace talks at cambrai in 1529 he also oversaw the funeral of henry viii and the coronation of edward vi and managed to maintain reasonably friendly relations with the provincial kings of arms 24 25 sir gilbert dethick 29 april 1550 3 october 1584 dethick claimed descent from derbyshire gentry but this is unlikely for his father was a german born armourer made a denizen by henry viii he may have been in royal service before his first appointment at the college as hampnes pursuivant in 1536 promotions to rouge croix 1540 and richmond 1541 followed and in 1547 he became norroy king of arms he was a member of the original society of antiquaries and was often sent on missions abroad as a herald he travelled with lord protector somerset to scotland in 1549 and was nearly shot at musselburgh in england he was sent to force the surrender of rebels led by robert kett described as a sound genealogist he also made 140 grants of arms as garter and secured the college s future home at derby place from queen mary 26 27 vacant between 1584 and 1586 robert cooke clarenceux acted as garter 28 sir william dethick 21 april 1586 10 december 1606 dismissed the second son of sir gilbert dethick garter william dethick was educated at st john s college cambridge his father also tutored him and secured his appointment as rouge croix pursuivant in 1567 he succeeded him as garter and bribed the signet clerks to include a clause in his patent allowing him to make visitations arousing tension with the provincial kings a new patent was eventually regranted removing the rights but dethick garnered controversy for verifying false pedigrees his poor behaviour and quarrelling with fellow heralds he had treasonously supported the marriage proposal of mary queen of scots and thomas howard 4th duke of norfolk but elizabeth i forgave him and it eventually earned him the support of james i his critics and enemies put enough pressure on the king however for dethick to be dismissed in 1604 although defiant he backed down and accepted an annuity two years later before dying in 1612 29 30 sir william segar 17 january 1607 10 or 13 december 1633 segar s parentage cannot be confirmed but he was of dutch origin and trained as a scrivener he was appointed portcullis pursuivant in 1585 and somerset herald three years later before norroy king of arms in 1597 patent 1602 he sided with garter dethick against successive clarenceux kings of arms before being appointed deputy garter in 1603 he was appointed garter in january 1604 but could not obtain a patent until dethick finally resigned in 1607 one of segar s rivals ralph brooke tricked him into confirming a false coat of arms to a pretend gentleman clarification needed in 1616 james i had them both imprisoned for several days segar authored at least 13 manuscript and printed works and has been described as a conscientious herald and a formidable scholar but like many of his contemporaries he authorized many pedigrees giving most improbable descents from fabulous ancestors 31 32 sir john borough 27 december 1633 21 october 1643 borough s maternal grandfather was a brabanter but parents lived at sandwich in kent he was part of sir francis bacon s household by 1618 and a member of parliament for sandwich 1621 and horsham 1624 26 by his first marriage he was connected with sir robert cotton who may have helped his appointment as keeper of the records in the tower of london in 1623 when bacon fell from power it may have been cotton who assisted borough in obtaining thomas howard 14th earl of arundel s patronage and he entered the college as mowbray herald extraordinary in 1623 later that year he was appointed norroy king of arms he accompanied charles i on his trip to scotland in 1633 and was ambassador to ferdinand ii holy roman emperor in 1636 despite being highly regarded in his lifetime for his antiquarian knowledge borough wrote only one book the soveraignty of the british seas 33 34 35 sir henry st george the elder 6 april 1644 5 november 1644 36 the son of sir richard st george clarenceux king of arms details of henry st george s early life and education are absent he was employed by the college in c march 1609 and appointed rouge rose pursuivant extraordinary later that year promotion to bluemantle pursuivant followed in 1611 and richmond herald in 1618 before he was promoted to norroy king of arms in 1653 as richmond he travelled to france with william le neve and was segar s deputy on a garter mission to sweden in 1627 he was suspended for forging a grant of arms in 1639 but pardoned in 1640 during the civil war he travelled with charles i to oxford and is said to have received a doctorate in medicine from the university there 1643 36 sir edward walker 26 february 1645 10 february 1677 walker was a native of somerset and entered the office of purveyance before he was employed by the earl of arundel in 1633 he was then appointed blanch lyon 1635 and rouge dragon pursuivants 1637 chester herald 1638 and norroy king of arms 1644 he was also secretary at war against the scots in 1639 and a royalist he attended charles i during the civil war serving in a number of posts including secretary for war after the royalist defeats at naseby newark and oxford walker went to france but returned as charles i s chief secretary during the failed negotiations at newport after the king s execution he travelled with charles ii in exile who confirmed him as garter in 1650 at the restoration 1660 he displaced sir edward bysshe who had intruded in the office of garter since c 1643 walker controversially granted arms without reference to the provincial kings of arms and tried to unify their offices with his he also clashed with the earl marshal who forced the kings of arms to jointly issue grants from 1673 after his death many of his collections came to the college his account of charles ii s coronation was posthumously published in 1820 37 38 sir edward bysshe intruded c 1643 confirmed by parliament 2...