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general social survey wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 objectives 2 history 3 methodology 4 results 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents general social survey 2 languages العربية 日本語 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia general social survey logo of norc at the university of chicago agency overview formed 1972 jurisdiction united states headquarters chicago illinois employees 3 000 respondents per wave varies parent agency norc at the university of chicago website gss norc org ongoing sociological survey studying american society this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources general social survey news newspapers books scholar jstor april 2014 learn how and when to remove this message the general social survey gss is a sociological survey created in 1972 by james a davis of the national opinion research center norc at the university of chicago and funded by the national science foundation the gss collects information biannually and keeps a historical record of the concerns experiences attitudes and practices of residents of the united states since 1972 the gss has been monitoring societal change and studying the growing complexity of american society it is one of the most influential studies in social sciences and is frequently referenced in news media including the new york times the wall street journal and the associated press 1 the data collected for this survey includes both demographic information and respondents opinions on matters ranging from government spending to the state of race relations to the existence and nature of god because of the wide range of topics covered and the comprehensive gathering of demographic information survey results allow social scientists to correlate demographic factors like age race gender and urban rural upbringing with beliefs and thereby determine whether for example an average middle aged black male respondent would be more or less likely to move to a different u s state for economic reasons than a similarly situated white female respondent or whether a highly educated person with a rural upbringing is more likely to believe in a transcendent god than a person with an urban upbringing and only a high school education in 2011 the gss was linked to the national death index this freely available dataset allows researchers to explore the association between variables in the general social survey and human longevity for instance it is possible to explore the association between happiness and life expectancy 2 the dataset and codebook are available for download to the public objectives edit the general social survey has three main purposes gather data to monitor and explain trends changes and constants in attitudes behaviors and attributes as well as examine the structure development and functioning of society in general as well as the role of various sub groups compare the united states to other societies to place american society in comparative perspective and develop cross national models of human society make up to date important high quality data easily accessible to scholars students policymakers and others with minimal cost and waiting 3 4 history edit the gss was first conducted in 1972 until 1994 it was conducted annually with the exceptions of the years 1979 1981 and 1992 since 1994 the gss has been conducted in even numbered years 5 in 1984 the gss was a cofounder of the international social survey programme issp a collaboration between different nations that conducts surveys for social science research the first issp questions were asked as part of the gss since 1985 the issp has conducted an annual cross national survey and the gss has participated in each issp round in 1991 the first auxiliary study to the gss was conducted called the national organizations study nos this study gathered a sample of national employers by asking gss respondents for information on their place of work in 1998 the second auxiliary study to the gss was conducted called the national congregations study ncs in 2002 the survey moved its questionnaire to computer assisted personal interviewing capi methods from the previous method of paper based questioning also this year the second nos was conducted in 2006 a large part of the gss was administered in spanish for the first time in addition the national voluntary associations study which also gathered its sample from the gss by asking respondents about the voluntary associations in which they took part was conducted also this year the second wave of the ncs was conducted from 2008 through 2014 in addition to the sample of respondents selected randomly every round the gss sample included one to two rotating panel samples consisting of cases interviewed in a previous round of the survey also this year the full gss interview was translated into and administered in spanish for spanish speaking us residents in 2012 the third wave of the ncs was conducted methodology edit the gss is intended for people 18 and above living in us homes the gss sample is derived from an area probability methodology that selects respondents at random as a result participants in the gss come from a wide spectrum of urban suburban and rural areas participation in the study is purely voluntary with only a few thousand people questioned in the original study every person chosen can contribute significantly to its findings several innovations for the gss took place the 2016 survey included an internet mode experiment starting in 2018 respondents have been asked for permission to link to selected administrative records to enable linkage to secondary data in 2020 post stratification weights have been introduced 6 the survey is administered in person by norc at the university of chicago and takes approximately 90 minutes to complete 30 national samples with 59 599 respondents and 5 900 variables had been collected as of 2014 results edit the online gss data explorer 5 allows users to download gss data that can be imported to statistical programs e g r sas spss stata it also allows searching for information about gss questions variables and publications testing hypotheses as well as conducting basic analyses a bibliography maintained by gss shows more than 25 000 entries of articles chapters books and presentations known to have used gss data 7 see also edit society portal mathematics portal european social survey german general social survey international social survey programme references edit gss data explorer media room muennig peter october 6 2011 the general social survey national death index an innovative new dataset for the social sciences bmc research notes 4 385 385 doi 10 1186 1756 0500 4 385 pmc 3199263 pmid 21978529 national data program for the social sciences ndpss general social survey gss norc org www norc org retrieved march 1 2016 1 2 gss data explorer faq general social survey competition national science foundation retrieved september 14 2023 documentation bibliography norc gss norc org retrieved november 20 2023 external links edit general social survey official website for the gss the gss data explorer allows users to search gss information test hypotheses and look for interesting correlations gss overview on norc website sda gss 1972 2016 cumulative datafile tool from berkeley for querying gss data works on social surveying edited by paul u kellogg 1879 1958 v t e social survey research data collection collection methods questionnaire interview structured semi structured unstructured couple methodology census sampling frame statistical sample sampling for surveys random sampling simple random sampling quota sampling stratified sampling nonprobability sampling sample size determination research design panel study cohort study cross sectional study cross sequential study survey errors sampling error standard error sampling bias systematic errors non sampling error specification error frame error measurement error response errors non response bias coverage error pseudo opinion processing errors data analysis categorical data contingency table level of measurement descriptive statistics exploratory data analysis multivariate statistics psychometrics statistical inference statistical models graphical log linear structural applications audience measurement demography market research opinion poll public opinion major surveys list of comparative social surveys afrobarometer american national election studies asian barometer survey comparative study of electoral systems emerson college polling eurobarometer european social survey gallup poll general social survey household income and labour dynamics in australia survey international social survey latinobarómetro list of household surveys in the united states national health and nutrition examination survey new zealand attitudes and values study suffolk university political research center the phillips academy poll quinnipiac university polling institute world values survey associations american association for public opinion research european society for opinion and marketing research international statistical institute pew research center world association for public opinion research category projects business politics psychology sociology statistics retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title general_social_survey oldid 1368390781 categories statistical data sets social statistics data hidden categories pages using infobox mapframe with missing coordinates articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use mdy dates from april 2020 articles needing additional references from april 2014 all articles needing additional references this page was last edited on 8 august 2026 at 20 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct 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