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geoport wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background toggle background subsection 1 1 applebus and localtalk 1 2 av and geoport 1 3 as a standard 2 pinouts 3 see also 4 notes 5 references toggle the table of contents geoport 4 languages deutsch 日本語 nederlands português edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia obsolete serial data system created by apple geoport is a serial data system used on some models of the apple macintosh that could be externally clocked to run at a 2 megabit per second data rate 1 geoport slightly modified the existing mac serial port pins to allow the computer s internal dsp hardware or software to send data that when passed to a digital to analog converter emulated various devices such as modems and fax machines geoport could be found on late model 68k based machines the av series as well as many pre usb power macintosh models and pippin some later macintosh models also included an internal geoport via an internal connector on the communications slot apple geoport technology is now obsolete and modem support is typically offered through usb background edit applebus and localtalk edit early during the development of the apple macintosh apple engineers decided to use the zilog 8530 serial communications controller scc for most input output tasks the scc was relatively advanced compared to the more common uarts of the era offering a number of high speed modes and built in software for error checking and similar duties the speed of the system was based on an external clock signal sent to it by the host platform normally up to about 1 mbit s which could be divided down to run at slower speeds as low as 300 bit s the scc had two channels which could be run at different speeds and even different voltages to allow communications with a wide variety of devices and interfaces initially the engineers had envisioned using the scc to support a packet based protocol known as applebus applebus would allow peripheral devices to be plugged into a daisy chain configuration in a manner surprisingly similar to the modern universal serial bus however as development continued apple s networking project applenet was being canceled due to high costs and a rapidly changing marketplace team members working on applebus quickly shifted gears producing the localtalk system running on the scc ports rather than applenet s plug in expansion card 2 localtalk relied on clocking from the cpu that was divided down to produce an output at roughly 230 4 kbit s nodes on the network remained in sync using clock recovery this allowed the entire system to be run over a simple three wire connection or two wires in the case of phonenet as the ports also include the clock pins it was possible to override the internal clock signal and run the system at much higher speeds as was the case for dayna and centram products that ran between 750 and 850 kbit s however as the scc had only three bytes of buffer space it was critical that the ports be read as quickly as possible to prevent a buffer overflow and loss of data this was not an issue for networking protocols where lost packets are assumed and dealt with in the network stack but represented a serious problem for rs 232 data which had no internal form of flow control in the data stream as a result performance on a mac plus was generally limited to about 9600 bit s in rs 232 mode and could only reliably maintain half of that if localtalk was active at the same time apple was aware of these problems and starting with the macintosh iifx they attempted to address them by including two dedicated input output processors iop customized mos 6502s running at 10 mhz the iops offloaded the low level driver code from the host cpu running the floppy disks and serial ports only interrupting the cpu when there was data to transfer the iifx also introduced a dma mode for the scsi bus but this was not available for use by the iops the iops also appeared on the quadra 900 and quadra 950 3 av and geoport edit after the early quadra machines apple started a short lived experiment including at t 3210 digital signal processors dsp in the av series machines the 840av and 660av the dsp was primarily intended to offer audio and video digitization support accessed though the custom 60 pin digital audio video dav port on the rear of the machines dsps were also commonly used at that time as the basic building block of high speed modems using the relatively advanced 3210 would offer higher performance than existing modems which used lower end dsps and much better performance than softmodems using the host cpu all that would be needed was a suitable external analog to digital converter or line adapter as it was referred to in apple terminology however the 60 pin av connector was not suitable for such connections and users expected to plug modems into the modem port although the existing serial ports could be adapted to run in av mode in the same fashion that the older versions could run in rs 232 or networking mode the line adaptor required more power that the port could supply apple solved this problem by adding a 9th pin to the existing 8 pin mini din connector the result was geoport in geoport mode the scc was placed in a high speed mode using external clocking similar to the earlier high performance localtalk replacements the dsp then generated signals and sent them over the serial bus to the adapter which converted them to analog and amplified them to telephone levels in geoport mode speeds up to 2 mbit s were supported 4 one widely known device to make use of the geoport was apple s own geoport telecom adapter initially released as the pod with the av macs in 1993 it later became its own separate product in early 1995 when it was released for powerpc based macintosh machines that did not include av related hardware out of the box apple later incorporated geoport lines into an edge connector on the motherboard of certain mac models known as the communication slot preserving them on the later communication slot ii three adaptors would eventually be sold the original pod the internal version and an updated pod known as the geoport telecom adapter ii all used standard rj 11 phone line connectors initially the adapter driver software could support speeds up to 9600 bit s but later upgrades introduced full v 34 compliance running at up to 33 6 kbit s in practice the geoport adaptors tied up huge amounts of cpu time and led to performance problems throughout the system 5 they were also notorious for poor quality connections dropped calls and poor support from existing software many pundits recommended not using them 6 sagem also introduced an isdn adaptor for geoport the planet isdn geoport adapter or spiga which they now sell in a usb version global village also produced a variant of its compact teleport modems for apple performas and third party mac computers that used the 9th pin to supply power but these were true hardware modems not geoport devices 7 apple s first two quicktake digital cameras 100 and 150 also supported the geoport protocol for transfer between the camera and geoport equipped macintosh computers as a standard edit during the evolution of geoport the telecommunications market was undergoing major changes with the introduction of newer all digital pbx systems a number of these companies offered some sort of computer telephony integration although they were all based on their own standards typically connected to the computers via a serial port at relatively low speeds although these signals could have been routed using existing networking standards like ethernet most companies used custom systems like switch56 apple started an effort to promote geoport as a standardized computer interface to pbx systems 8 they envisioned different geoport adapters for different back end systems a switch56 interface could be used with northern telecom systems while another would be used to connect to the intecom switches that apple used apple claimed that the same geoport phone pod will be able to support tapi applications on a windows pc and telephone manager applications on a mac 4 to connect those systems to the macintosh in particular apple created the macintosh telephony architecture mta and promoted it as a standardized telephony application program interface the mta consisted primarily of three parts the telephone manager which handled call control the telephone tool that mapped telephone manager commands onto specific hardware and finally a set of telephony related apple events that would allow simple operation from any scripting aware macintosh program 4 mta was essentially apple s analog of microsoft s tapi or novell s tsapi to promote the system in late 1994 apple organized the versit alliance along with at t ibm and siemens to attempt to standardize the commands that the pbx systems responded to 9 10 novell announced that they would adapt tsapi to work on top of the versit standards all of these efforts were hampered by a lack of standardization among pbx vendors and their lack of real support for geoport adapters after two years of effort with little to show for it apple eventually gave up on versit and telephony in general 11 the main problem was that the various pbx companies relied on vendor lock in to keep their existing customers coming back to them for newer products so the very concept of a standardized system was seen as a problem rather than a solution lip service was paid to the concept in order to have an answer to those predicting such systems would become common additionally there was no support for high speed serial on the basic pc so users would have to buy an add on card if they were going to use geoport at which point it made just as much sense to buy a custom adaptor on a different card the geoport was dropped along with scsi and adb when apple introduced the imac in 1998 early demonstration models had a software modem based on the geoport telecom adapter s technology but this was replaced with a hardware 56k modem by the time the imac shipped pinouts edit the table below shows the name and purpose of the various pins in the geoport enabled serial connector when used in geoport rs 422 localtalk and rs 232 modes pin geoport rs 422 rs 232 name 1 sclk hsko dtr serial clock out handshake out data terminal ready 2 sclk hski dsr serial clock in handshake in data set ready 3 txd txd td transmit data ve signal 4 gnd gnd gnd cable ground 5 rxd rxd rd receive data ve signal 6 txd txd transmit data ve signal 7 txhs gpi cd wakeup dma request general purpose input carrier detect 8 rxd rxd ground receive data ve signal 9 5 v power 350 ma maximum see also edit winmodem notes edit low end mac s geoport guide march 21 2018 dead link oppenheimer some pre history slide 3 macintosh quadra 900 developer note apple computer 1991 1 2 3 macintosh telephony archived december 28 2005 at the wayback machine byte cover story july 1994 dan knight second class macs geoport modems low end mac april 10 1998 adam engst geoport news tidbits april 1 1996 what to do using 9 pin cable on an 8 pin serial port archived september 28 2007 at the wayback machine global village communication apple s geoport detente between pcs and pbxes release 1 0 april 18 1994 apple at t ibm and siemens form versit for telephone computer users telemarketing january 1995 archived from the original on june 3 2006 via findarticles versit initiative to provide choice and diversity for telephone computer users business wire november 30 1994 baldwin howard july 1996 apple calls it quits in telephony macworld references edit alan b oppenheimer a history of macintosh networking macworld expo january 2004 geoport le connecteur méconnu d apple le journal du lapin retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title geoport oldid 1374894527 category macintosh internals hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use mdy dates from october 2013 all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from october 2025 webarchive template wayback links cs1 unfit url this page was last edited on 14 september 2026 at 18 10 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents geoport 4 languages add topic