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contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 topography 2 climate 3 cityscape 4 transportation toggle transportation subsection 4 1 grid and address system 4 2 highways 4 3 airports 4 4 rail 4 5 bus 4 6 bicycle 5 notes 6 references toggle the table of contents geography of columbus ohio add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia satellite image of columbus the city of columbus is located in central ohio at the confluence of the scioto and olentangy rivers the region is dominated by a humid continental climate characterized by hot muggy summers and cold dry winters topography edit the scioto river flows beside downtown columbus according to the united states census bureau the city has a land area of 220 04 square miles 569 9 km 2 1 unlike many other major us cities in the midwest columbus continues to expand its reach by way of extensions and annexations making it one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation in terms of both geography and population and probably the fastest in the midwest citation needed while columbus suburban population is not as large as ohio s other two large metro areas cleveland and cincinnati due to its annexation policies it is almost entirely ringed by suburbs and it even has some land locked suburbs which are completely surrounded by columbus city limits some of columbus largest suburbs are westerville gahanna reynoldsburg grove city upper arlington hilliard and dublin since the 1950s the city has made annexation a condition for providing water and sewer service to which it holds regional rights throughout a large portion of central ohio this policy is credited with preserving columbus tax base in the face of the u s s suburbanization and has contributed to its continued economic expansion much like other cities pursuing similar policies such as san antonio texas the confluence of the scioto and olentangy rivers occurs just west of downtown columbus several smaller tributaries course through the columbus metro area including alum creek big walnut creek and darby creek columbus is considered to have relatively flat topography thanks to a large glacier that covered most of ohio during the wisconsin ice age however there are sizable differences in elevation through the area with the high point of franklin county being 1132 ft 345 m above sea level near new albany and the low point being 670 ft 207 m where the scioto river leaves the county near lockbourne 2 numerous ravine areas near the rivers and creeks also help give some variety to the landscape tributaries to alum creek and the olentangy river cut through shale while tributaries to the scioto river cut through limestone deciduous trees are common including maple oak hickory walnut poplar cottonwood and of course buckeye columbus is geographically very close to many major cities it has a driving distance of less than four hours from cincinnati cleveland detroit fort wayne indianapolis lexington louisville pittsburgh and toledo likewise chicago milwaukee nashville new york city washington dc st louis atlanta charlotte and philadelphia are all within a day s drive of the city climate edit columbus climate chart explanation j f m a m j j a s o n d 2 7 37 23 2 3 41 25 3 51 33 3 4 63 43 4 2 73 52 4 82 62 4 8 85 65 3 3 84 64 2 8 77 56 2 6 65 45 3 2 53 36 3 40 27 average max and min temperatures in f precipitation totals in inches source noaa metric conversion j f m a m j j a s o n d 69 3 5 57 5 4 77 11 0 86 17 6 106 23 11 102 28 16 122 29 19 84 29 18 72 25 14 66 18 7 81 11 2 75 5 3 average max and min temperatures in c precipitation totals in mm the city has depending on definition a humid continental or humid subtropical climate köppen climate classification dfa or cfa characterized by hot muggy summers and cold comparatively dry winters and lies in usda plant hardiness zone 6 3 january averages 29 6 f 1 3 c while july averages 75 2 f 24 0 c spring and autumn are mild and wet but the latter is usually drier the annual mean is 53 4 f 11 9 c on average temperatures reach 90 f 32 c on 18 days of the year and 0 f 18 c on 2 9 nights while the first freeze occurs on october 23 and the last on april 19 the annual precipitation of 39 3 inches 998 mm peaks but not strongly so in the latter half of spring and then summer july is the wettest month while february is the driest passing cold fronts in winter frequently produce snow that is occasionally heavy with a seasonal average of 28 1 inches 71 4 cm on average the first date of measurable i e totalling 0 1 inches 0 25 cm or more snowfall is november 21 and the last march 31 with falls in october quite rare the hottest temperature ever recorded in columbus was 106 f 41 c which occurred twice during the dust bowl drought of the 1930s once on july 21 1934 and again two years later on july 14 1936 4 the coldest temperature ever recorded was 22 f 30 c occurring on january 19 1994 4 the highest daily minimum temperature was 82 f 28 c on january 10 1881 and conversely the lowest daily maximum was 7 f 22 c on february 9 1899 columbus is subject to severe weather typical to the midwestern united states severe thunderstorms producing tornadoes are possible from the spring to the fall the most recent of which occurred on october 11 2006 and caused f2 damage 5 floods and blizzards can also occur from time to time climate data for columbus ohio john glenn int l 1991 2020 normals a extremes 1878 present b month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 74 23 78 26 86 30 90 32 96 36 102 39 106 41 103 39 100 38 94 34 80 27 76 24 106 41 mean maximum f c 65 0 18 3 64 1 17 8 73 6 23 1 81 6 27 6 88 3 31 3 93 1 33 9 93 7 34 3 92 8 33 8 90 2 32 3 83 2 28 4 70 5 21 4 62 5 16 9 95 0 35 0 mean daily maximum f c 37 1 2 8 40 8 4 9 51 1 10 6 64 1 17 8 74 1 23 4 82 2 27 9 85 4 29 7 84 1 28 9 77 8 25 4 65 5 18 6 52 3 11 3 41 5 5 3 63 0 17 2 daily mean f c 29 6 1 3 32 5 0 3 41 6 5 3 53 2 11 8 63 3 17 4 71 9 22 2 75 4 24 1 74 0 23 3 67 2 19 6 55 2 12 9 43 6 6 4 34 5 1 4 53 5 11 9 mean daily minimum f c 22 0 5 6 24 2 4 3 32 0 0 0 42 2 5 7 52 4 11 3 61 6 16 4 65 4 18 6 63 9 17 7 56 5 13 6 44 8 7 1 35 0 1 7 27 4 2 6 43 9 6 6 mean minimum f c 1 7 16 8 6 3 14 3 14 5 9 7 27 1 2 7 37 8 3 2 48 6 9 2 55 7 13 2 54 3 12 4 43 2 6 2 31 1 0 5 20 6 6 3 11 0 11 7 0 9 18 3 record low f c 22 30 20 29 6 21 14 10 25 4 35 2 43 6 39 4 31 1 17 8 5 21 17 27 22 30 average precipitation inches mm 3 00 76 2 41 61 3 62 92 3 85 98 3 99 101 4 33 110 4 67 119 3 74 95 3 14 80 2 90 74 2 79 71 3 13 80 41 57 1 056 average snowfall inches cm 9 5 24 7 6 19 4 1 10 0 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 1 2 3 0 5 1 13 28 2 72 average extreme snow depth inches cm 4 4 11 3 7 9 4 2 4 6 1 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 2 3 5 8 6 6 17 average precipitation days 0 01 in 14 7 11 8 12 5 13 7 14 0 11 7 10 9 9 5 8 7 10 0 10 5 12 7 140 7 average snowy days 0 1 in 9 0 6 7 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 9 5 6 28 3 average relative humidity 71 4 69 5 64 5 62 5 66 5 68 5 70 6 72 8 72 8 69 3 71 8 74 1 69 5 average dew point f c 18 1 7 7 20 5 6 4 28 6 1 9 37 4 3 0 48 9 9 4 58 3 14 6 62 8 17 1 61 7 16 5 55 2 12 9 42 6 5 9 33 6 0 9 24 3 4 3 41 0 5 0 mean monthly sunshine hours 110 6 126 3 162 0 201 8 243 4 258 1 260 9 235 9 212 0 183 1 104 2 84 3 2 182 6 percentage possible sunshine 37 42 44 51 55 57 57 56 57 53 35 29 49 average ultraviolet index 2 3 4 6 8 9 9 8 6 4 2 1 5 source noaa sun relative humidity and dew point 1961 1990 6 7 8 9 and weather atlas 10 cityscape edit see also neighborhoods in columbus ohio columbus ohio metropolitan area downtown columbus ohio and list of tallest buildings in columbus ohio interactive map of the city columbus also has a number of distinctive neighborhoods within the metro area the short north situated just north of downtown is rich with art galleries dining pubs and specialty shops a number of large ornate victorian homes are located nearby and together they comprise victorian village just to the west is harrison west and across the olentangy river is grandview heights to the south german village is known for its quaint 19th century brick cottages and it holds the distinction as the largest privately funded historic district on the national register of historic places immediately west is the brewery district formerly an entertainment district which has seen a decrease in bars and an increase in residential and office development to the east of downtown north of broad st is king lincoln bronzeville or just king lincoln which was the cultural and commercial hub of the african american community south of broad and also east of king lincoln is olde towne east which was a well to do streetcar neighborhood consisting of grand homes in a wide variety of architectural styles most of these neighborhoods have all undergone gentrification on a large scale franklinton sometimes known as the bottoms is the neighborhood immediately west of downtown just to the west of franklinton is a group of smaller neighborhoods collectively known as the hilltop at the north end of downtown is a new development neighborhood the arena district centered around the nationwide arena the district has many pubs restaurants and residential projects most notably the new 20 story condominiums at north bank park tower the lifestyle communities pavilion is also an anchor for the district and the recently completed huntington ballpark has become the new home of the columbus clippers minor league baseball team there are also the heritage districts which include the driving park livingston park and old oaks areas on the near east side of the city home to a part of the city s large black population the university area is populated by a high concentration of students during the school year approximately 60 000 and features many old homes which have been converted to apartments for student use the stretch of high street that runs through the campus area caters to the student body with its abundance of bars sandwich shops music stores and bookstores located between osu and worthington is clintonville where a mix of middle class homes can be found alongside beautiful old stone and brick faced houses nestled among rolling hills further west of downtown san margherita is a community formed by italian immigrants who arrived at the turn of the 20th century transportation edit lane avenue bridge university district grid and address system edit the city s street plan originates downtown and extends into the old growth neighborhoods following a grid pattern with the intersection of high street running north south and broad street running east west at its center north south streets run twelve degrees west of due north parallel to high street the avenues vis fifth avenue sixth avenue seventh avenue etc run east west 11 the address system begins its numbering at the intersection of broad and high with numbers increasing in magnitude with distance from broad or high numbered avenues begin with first avenue about 1¼ mile north of broad street and increase in number as one progresses northward numbered streets begin with second street which is two blocks west of high street and third street which is a block east of high street then progress eastward from there even numbered addresses are on the north and east sides of streets putting odd addresses on the south and west sides of streets a difference of 700 house numbers means a distance of about one mile along the same street 2 for example 351 w 5th avenue is approximately one half mile west of high street on the south side of fifth avenue buildings along north south streets are numbered in a similar manner the building number indicates the approximate distance from broad street the prefixes n and s indicate whether that distance is to measured to the north or south of broad street and the street number itself indicates how far the street is from the center of the city at the intersection of broad and high locations of numbered streets and avenues this street numbering system does not hold true over a large area the area served by numbered avenues runs from about marble cliff to south linden to the airport and the area served by numbered streets covers downtown and nearby neighborhoods to the east and south with only a few exceptions there are quite few intersections between numbered streets and avenues furthermore named streets and avenues can have any orientation for example while all of the numbered avenues run east west perpendicular to high street many named non numbered avenues run north south parallel to high the same is true of many named streets while the numbered streets in the city run north south perpendicular to broad street many named non numbered streets run east west perpendicular to high street the addressing system however covers nearly all of franklin county with only a few older suburbs retaining self centered address systems the address scale of 700 per mile results in addresses approaching but not usually reaching 10 000 at the county s borders other major local roads in columbus include main street morse road dublin granville road sr 161 cleveland avenue westerville road sr 3 olentangy river road riverside drive sunbury road fifth avenue and livingston avenue highways edit columbus is bisected by two major interstate highways interstate 70 running east west and interstate 71 running north to roughly southwest the two interstates combine downtown for about 1 5 miles 2 4 km in an area locally known as the split which is a major traffic congestion point within columbus especially during rush hour u s route 40 a k a national road runs east west through columbus comprising main street to the east of downtown and broad street to the west u s route 23 runs roughly north south while u s route 33 runs northwest to southeast the interstate 270 outerbelt encircles the vast majority of the city while the newly redesigned innerbelt consists of the interstate 670 spur on the north side which continues to the east past the airport and to the west where it merges with i 70 state route 315 on the west side the i 70 71 split on the south side and i 71 on the east due to its central location within ohio and abundance of outbound roadways nearly all of the state s destinations are within a 2 hour drive of columbus airports edit the area has several airports most notably john glenn international airport ...