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ia to the north overview edit the landscape is rugged with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the united states for example at 2 3 million acres 930 000 ha the frank church river of no return wilderness area is the largest contiguous area of protected wilderness in the lower 48 states idaho is a rocky mountain state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas the state has snow capped mountain ranges rapids vast lakes and steep canyons the waters of the snake river run through hells canyon the deepest gorge in the united states shoshone falls falls down cliffs from a height greater than niagara falls by far the most important river in idaho is the snake river a major tributary of the columbia river the snake river flows out from yellowstone in northwestern wyoming through the snake river plain in southern idaho before turning north leaving the state at lewiston before joining the columbia in kennewick other major rivers are the clark fork pend oreille river the spokane river and many major tributaries of the snake river including the clearwater river the salmon river the boise river and the payette river the salmon river empties into the snake in hells canyon and forms the southern boundary of nez perce county on its north shore of which lewiston is the county seat the port of lewiston at the confluence of the clearwater and the snake rivers is the farthest inland seaport on the west coast at 465 river miles from the pacific at astoria oregon 1 the vast majority of idaho s population lives in the snake river plain a valley running from across the entirety of southern idaho from east to west the valley contains the major cities of boise meridian nampa caldwell twin falls idaho falls and pocatello the plain served as an easy pass through the rocky mountains for westward bound settlers on the oregon trail and many settlers chose to settle the area rather than risking the treacherous route through the blue mountains and the cascade range to the west the western region of the plain is known as the treasure valley bound between the owyhee mountains to the southwest and the boise mountains to the northeast the central region of the snake river plain is known as the magic valley idaho s highest point is borah peak 12 662 ft 3 859 m in the lost river range north of mackay in 1983 an earthquake there caused two fatalities 2 3 idaho s lowest point 710 ft 216 m is in lewiston where the clearwater river joins the snake river and continues into washington the sawtooth range is often considered idaho s most famous mountain range 4 other mountain ranges in idaho include the bitterroot range the white cloud mountains the lost river range the clearwater mountains and the salmon river mountains the only active glacier in idaho is at borah peak 5 salmon challis national forest is located in the east central sections of the state with salmon national forest to the north and challis national forest to the south the forest is in an area known as the idaho cobalt belt which consists of a 34 miles 55 km long geological formation of sedimentary rock that contains some of the largest cobalt deposits in the u s 6 idaho has two time zones with the dividing line approximately midway between canada and nevada southern idaho including the boise metropolitan area idaho falls pocatello and twin falls are in the mountain time zone a legislative error 15 u s c ch 6 264 theoretically placed this region in the central time zone but this was corrected with a 2007 amendment 7 areas north of the salmon river including coeur d alene moscow lewiston and sandpoint are in the pacific time zone which contains less than a quarter of the state s population and land area climate edit köppen climate types of idaho using 1991 2020 climate normals idaho s climate varies widely although the state s western border is about 330 miles 530 km from the pacific ocean the maritime influence is still felt in idaho especially in the winter when cloud cover humidity and precipitation are at their maximum extent this influence has a moderating effect in the winter where temperatures are not as low as would otherwise be expected for a northern state with predominantly high elevations 8 in the panhandle moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the north central rockies forests creating the north american inland temperate rainforest 9 the maritime influence is least prominent in the state s eastern part where the precipitation patterns are often reversed with wetter summers and drier winters and seasonal temperature differences are more extreme showing a more semi arid continental climate 10 idaho can be hot although extended periods over 98 f 37 c are rare except for the lowest point in elevation lewiston which correspondingly sees little snow boise receives around 18 inches 46 cm of snow annually 11 hot summer days are tempered by the low relative humidity and cooler evenings during summer months since for most of the state the highest diurnal difference in temperature is often in the summer 12 winters can be cold although extended periods of bitter cold weather below zero are unusual idaho s all time highest temperature of 118 f 48 c was recorded at orofino on july 28 1934 13 14 the all time lowest temperature of 60 f 51 c was recorded at island park dam on january 18 1943 15 climate data edit monthly normal high and low temperatures for various idaho cities f city jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec boise 38 24 45 27 55 33 62 38 72 46 81 53 91 59 90 59 79 50 65 40 48 31 38 23 lewiston 42 30 47 31 55 36 62 41 71 47 79 54 89 60 89 60 78 51 63 41 48 34 40 28 pocatello 33 16 38 19 49 27 59 33 68 40 78 46 88 52 88 51 76 42 62 33 45 24 33 16 orofino 38 25 46 28 55 32 64 38 72 44 80 50 89 54 90 53 79 45 63 36 46 31 37 26 16 climate data for boise köppen bsk a extremes 1875 present b month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 63 17 71 22 82 28 92 33 100 38 110 43 111 44 110 43 104 40 94 34 78 26 70 21 111 44 mean maximum f c 52 6 11 4 59 5 15 3 71 0 21 7 80 7 27 1 90 1 32 3 98 3 36 8 104 5 40 3 102 2 39 0 95 9 35 5 83 9 28 8 65 0 18 3 54 5 12 5 105 2 40 7 mean daily maximum f c 38 8 3 8 46 0 7 8 55 5 13 1 62 3 16 8 72 3 22 4 81 4 27 4 92 7 33 7 90 7 32 6 80 0 26 7 64 8 18 2 48 8 9 3 38 8 3 8 64 3 17 9 daily mean f c 32 2 0 1 37 5 3 1 45 2 7 3 50 9 10 5 59 9 15 5 67 8 19 9 77 3 25 2 75 8 24 3 66 3 19 1 53 2 11 8 40 3 4 6 32 1 0 1 53 2 11 8 mean daily minimum f c 25 5 3 6 29 0 1 7 34 9 1 6 39 6 4 2 47 5 8 6 54 1 12 3 61 9 16 6 60 8 16 0 52 6 11 4 41 5 5 3 31 7 0 2 25 4 3 7 42 0 5 6 mean minimum f c 10 0 12 2 15 8 9 0 22 8 5 1 27 5 2 5 33 0 0 6 41 0 5 0 50 4 10 2 48 2 9 0 38 4 3 6 26 6 3 0 17 4 8 1 10 9 11 7 5 1 14 9 record low f c 28 33 15 26 5 15 11 12 22 6 30 1 35 2 32 0 23 5 11 12 10 23 25 32 28 33 average precipitation inches mm 1 41 36 1 00 25 1 33 34 1 23 31 1 45 37 0 75 19 0 21 5 3 0 17 4 3 0 43 11 0 81 21 1 18 30 1 54 39 11 51 292 average snowfall inches cm 5 3 13 3 3 8 4 1 2 3 0 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 2 0 5 1 5 6 14 17 6 45 average precipitation days 0 01 in 11 1 9 1 10 1 9 2 8 4 5 3 2 3 2 1 3 9 6 0 9 7 12 0 89 2 average snowy days 0 1 in 5 2 3 3 1 6 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 5 5 18 2 average relative humidity 75 0 69 9 59 5 52 3 48 7 44 7 36 1 37 2 45 1 53 6 68 5 74 6 55 4 average dew point f c 21 6 5 8 25 9 3 4 27 3 2 6 30 2 1 0 36 0 2 2 41 4 5 2 43 2 6 2 42 3 5 7 37 9 3 3 32 7 0 4 28 9 1 7 22 5 5 3 32 5 0 3 mean monthly sunshine hours 109 3 151 9 238 6 281 4 335 5 351 6 399 8 358 8 303 6 238 1 119 6 105 2 2 993 4 percentage possible sunshine 38 52 64 70 74 76 86 83 81 70 41 38 67 source noaa relative humidity dew point and sun 1961 1990 17 18 19 climate data for idaho köppen dfb bsk c month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 57 14 62 17 73 23 86 30 94 34 102 39 101 38 100 38 100 38 88 31 71 22 58 14 102 39 mean maximum f c 42 3 5 7 47 3 8 5 64 3 17 9 75 7 24 3 84 2 29 0 91 6 33 1 97 0 36 1 95 5 35 3 89 8 32 1 77 6 25 3 61 6 16 4 47 0 8 3 95 7 35 4 mean daily maximum f c 28 7 1 8 34 2 1 2 47 2 8 4 57 5 14 2 67 2 19 6 76 2 24 6 86 6 30 3 85 6 29 8 74 8 23 8 59 1 15 1 43 0 6 1 30 3 0 9 57 5 14 2 daily mean f c 20 4 6 4 24 9 3 9 36 2 2 3 44 4 6 9 52 8 11 6 60 4 15 8 68 0 20 0 66 5 19 2 57 7 14 3 45 0 7 2 32 4 0 2 21 9 5 6 44 2 6 8 mean daily minimum f c 12 1 11 1 15 7 9 1 25 3 3 7 31 4 0 3 38 4 3 6 44 6 7 0 49 3 9 6 47 5 8 6 40 6 4 8 30 8 0 7 21 9 5 6 13 4 10 3 30 9 0 6 mean minimum f c 10 4 23 6 4 3 20 2 7 6 13 6 19 2 7 1 25 4 3 7 33 5 0 8 40 8 4 9 37 5 3 1 29 0 1 7 16 1 8 8 3 9 15 6 9 2 22 9 14 6 25 9 record low f c 33 36 38 39 16 27 13 11 17 8 29 2 33 1 28 2 18 8 3 19 19 28 31 35 38 39 average precipitation inches mm 0 67 17 0 56 14 0 81 21 1 03 26 1 57 40 1 09 28 0 46 12 0 59 15 0 97 25 0 88 22 0 66 17 0 78 20 10 07 257 average snowfall inches cm 5 8 15 6 5 17 3 5 8 9 2 3 5 8 0 6 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 7 2 18 9 9 25 36 6 93 2 average precipitation days 0 01 in 8 2 7 0 7 6 8 7 9 0 6 8 3 8 4 9 5 1 6 5 7 2 9 5 84 3 average snowy days 0 1 in 7 7 7 4 3 8 2 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 5 8 7 38 6 source 1 national weather service 20 source 2 noaa average snowfall snowy days 1981 2010 21 22 climate data for lewiston köppen bsk d extremes 1881 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high f c 66 19 72 22 80 27 98 37 104 40 115 46 117 47 115 46 108 42 94 34 77 25 67 19 117 47 mean maximum f c 55 6 13 1 59 8 15 4 69 0 20 6 79 7 26 5 89 8 32 1 96 2 35 7 103 4 39 7 102 9 39 4 94 3 34 6 80 3 26 8 62 8 17 1 54 7 12 6 105 1 40 6 mean daily maximum f c 42 1 5 6 47 0 8 3 55 1 12 8 62 3 16 8 72 0 22 2 79 0 26 1 90 8 32 7 90 1 32 3 79 5 26 4 63 0 17 2 48 7 9 3 40 8 4 9 64 2 17 9 daily mean f c 36 2 2 3 39 5 4 2 45 4 7 4 51 5 10 8 60 1 15 6 66 5 19 2 75 9 24 4 75 2 24 0 65 9 18 8 52 5 11 4 41 6 5 3 35 2 1 8 53 8 12 1 mean daily minimum f c 30 3 0 9 31 7 0 2 35 7 2 1 40 7 4 8 48 1 8 9 54 0 12 2 60 9 16 1 60 3 15 7 52 3 11 3 42 0 5 6 34 5 1 4 29 5 1 4 43 3 6 3 mean minimum f c 14 6 9 7 17 1 8 3 25 5 3 6 30 7 0 7 35 7 2 1 43 8 6 6 49 9 9 9 49 6 9 8 39 9 4 4 28 5 1 9 20 8 6 2 12 7 10 7 12 7 10 7 record low f c 22 30 18 28 2 17 20 7 23 5 34 1 41 5 41 5 27 3 15 9 3 19 23 31 23 31 average precipitation inches mm 1 13 29 1 04 26 1 30 33 1 44 37 1 69 43 1 25 32 0 47 12 0 51 13 0 60 15 1 08 27 1 23 31 1 13 29 12 87 327 average snowfall inches cm 2 7 6 9 3 8 9 7 0 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 1 10 12 7 31 9 average precipitation days 0 01 in 11 2 9 6 11 7 11 3 10 6 8 9 3 9 3 4 4 7 8 7 11 1 11 1 106 2 average snowy days 0 1 in 2 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 6 11 0 source 1 noaa 23 source 2 national weather service 24 lakes and rivers edit see also list of rivers of idaho lake coeur d alene in north idaho redfish lake in central idaho priest river winding through whitetail butte clark fork river alturas lake bear river bear lake idaho utah boise river clearwater river hayden lake henry s lake kootenai river lake cascade lake cleveland lake coeur d alene lake lowell lake walcott pend oreille largest in idaho little redfish lake lucky peak lake moyie river north fork clearwater river pack river payette lake mccall pettit lake priest lake perkins lake portneuf river redfish lake sawtooth lake snake river longest stanley lake st joe river warm lake protected areas edit see also national parks in idaho as of 2018 25 national parks reserves monuments and historic sites edit salmon challis national forest california national historic trail city of rocks national reserve craters of the moon national monument and preserve hagerman fossil beds national monument lewis and clark national historic trail minidoka national historic site nez perce national historical park oregon national historic trail yellowstone national park pacific northwest national scenic trail national recreation areas edit hells canyon national recreation area sawtooth national recreation area national wildlife refuges and wilderness areas edit bear lake national wildlife refuge camas national wildlife refuge deer flat national wildlife refuge frank church river of no return wilderness area grays lake national wildlife refuge kootenai national wildlife refuge minidoka national wildlife refuge national conservation areas edit snake river birds of prey national conservation area bear lake viewed from bear lake state park state parks edit bruneau dunes state park see also list of idaho state parks bear lake state park bruneau dunes state park castle rocks state park city of rocks national reserve coeur d alene parkway state park dworshak state park eagle island state park farragut state park harriman state park hells gate state park henrys lake state park heyburn state park lake cascade state park lake walcott state park land of the yankee fork state park lucky peak state park massacre rocks state park mccroskey state park old mission state park ponderosa state park priest lake state park round lake state park thousand springs state park three island crossing state park trail of the coeur d alenes winchester lake state park see also edit climate of oregon geography of montana notes edit mean monthly maxima and minima i e the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 official records have been kept at downtown boise from january 1875 to december 1939 and at boise air terminal airport since january 1940 for more information see threadex 1991 2020 normals extremes 1948 present mean monthly maxima and minima i e the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 references edit port of lewiston us history archived from the original on june 22 2011 retrieved july 30 2010 sher jeff october 29 1983 killer quake rocks northwest spokesman review spokane washington p 1 quake jolts 8 states kills 2 children eugene register guard oregon los angeles times october 29 1983 p 1a sawtooth range idaho climbing guide archived from the original on june 15 2011 retrieved july 30 2010 idaho s only glacier formally recognized by usgs february 26 2021 michael holtz 24 jan 2022 idaho is sitting on one of the most important elements on earth the atlantic part of idaho in fourth zone u s code washington d c u s house of representatives 264 archived from the original on january 25 2006 climate of idaho wrcc dri february 20 1954 archived from the original on september 9 2011 retrieved july 30 2010 woodward susan l 2012 2015 inland rainforests of the northwest radford university archived from the original on january 6 2021 retrieved may 4 2021 climate of idaho western regional climate center archived from the original on november 20 2017 retrieved february 20 2018 ncdc u s climate normals pdf national oceanic and atmospheric administration...