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without anthers called staminodes but the lower half of the five fertile stamens is made much wider by a wing with a rounded top on each side of the narrow higher part of the filament that carries an anther geranium only has ten fertile stamens without wings and lacks staminodes except for g pusillum that only has five stamens monsonia only has fifteen fertile stamens which are merged at their base into a ring or merged at their base in trios with the middle filament longer than the others except for m brevirostrata with only five stamens erodium has five staminodes and five fertile stamens without wings pelargonium has ten filaments without wings between two and seven of which are topped by anthers while the remaining three to eight are staminodes lacking anthers but it can easily be distinguished by having only one narrow tube like nectary inside what looks like the flowerstalk 2 taxonomy edit geraniaceae and francoaceae are the two families included in the order geraniales under the angiosperm phylogeny group apg classification apg iv 7 there has been some uncertainty in the number of genera to be included stevens gives seven genera listed here 8 while christenhusz and byng 9 state five genera stevens also lists four synonyms of geranium geraniopsis chrtek neurophyllodes a gray o degener robertianum picard robertiella hypseocharis with between one and three species which comes from the south west andean region of south america is considered the sister to the rest of the family some authors separate hyspeocharis as a monogeneric family hypseocharitaceae 10 while older sources placed it in the oxalidaceae the genus rhynchotheca has also been separated into the francoaceae the geraniaceae have a number of genetic features unique amongst angiosperms including highly rearranged plastid genomes differing in gene content order and expansion of the inverted repeat 11 phylogeny edit recent comparison of dna fragments resulted in the following phylogenetic tree 12 hypseocharitaceae geraniaceae pelargonium monsonia including sarcocaulon california erodium geranium distribution and habitat edit most species are found in temperate or warm temperate regions though some are tropical pelargonium has its centre for diversity in the cape region in south africa where there is a striking vegetative and floral variation gallery edit herbarium specimen of geranium rotundifolium showing mature fruits immature fruits of erodium botrys actinomorphic flowers of geranium pratense zygomorphic flowers of a garden geranium genus pelargonium cultivated pelargonium umbels erodium cicutarium another flower diagram pelargonium zonale three abortive stamens sarcocaulon crassicaule a bush with flowers references edit angiosperm phylogeny group 2009 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iii botanical journal of the linnean society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x hdl 10654 18083 1 2 aldasoro juan josé navarro carmen vargas pablo sáez llorenç aedo carlos 2002 california a new genus of geraniaceae endemic to the southwest of north america pdf anales del jardín botánico de madrid 59 2 209 216 doi 10 3989 ajbm 2001 v59 i2 128 retrieved 2017 09 27 1 2 3 jeiter julius hilger hartmut h smets erik f weigend maximilian 2017 11 10 the relationship between nectaries and floral architecture a case study in geraniaceae and hypseocharitaceae annals of botany 120 5 791 803 doi 10 1093 aob mcx101 issn 0305 7364 pmc 5691401 pmid 28961907 jeiter julius weigend maximilian hilger hartmut h 2017 02 01 geraniales flowers revisited evolutionary trends in floral nectaries annals of botany 119 3 395 408 doi 10 1093 aob mcw230 issn 0305 7364 pmc 5314648 pmid 28025289 tsai timothy diggle pamela k frye henry a jones cynthia s 2018 contrasting lengths of pelargonium floral nectar tubes result from late differences in rate and duration of growth annals of botany 121 3 549 560 doi 10 1093 aob mcx171 pmc 5838813 pmid 29293992 barraclough david slotow rob dec 2010 the south african keystone pollinator moegistorhynchus longirostris wiedemann 1819 diptera nemestrinidae notes on biology biogeography and proboscis length variation african invertebrates 51 2 397 403 bibcode 2010afrin 51 397b doi 10 5733 afin 051 0208 issn 1681 5556 apg iv 2016 stevens 2016 christenhusz byng 2016 watson l dallwitz m j march 2011 angiosperm families hypseocharitaceae weddell the families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification and information retrieval version 4th archived from the original on october 9 2012 retrieved april 14 2012 röschenbleck j albers f müller k weinl s kudla j phylogenetics character evolution and a subgeneric revision of the genus pelargonium geraniaceae phytotaxa volume 159 issue 2 11 february 2014 pages 31 76 permanent dead link jeiter julius cole theodor c h hilger hartmut h geraniales phylogeny poster gpp 2017 researchgate retrieved 2017 09 27 bibliography edit apg iv 2016 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iv botanical journal of the linnean society 181 1 1 20 doi 10 1111 boj 12385 fiz omar vargas pablo alarcón marisa aedo carlos garcía josé luis aldasoro juan josé 1 april 2008 phylogeny and historical biogeography of geraniaceae in relation to climate changes and pollination ecology pdf systematic botany 33 2 326 342 bibcode 2008sysbo 33 326f doi 10 1600 036364408784571482 hdl 10261 77646 stevens p f 2016 2001 angiosperm phylogeny website missouri botanical garden retrieved 22 june 2016 christenhusz maarten jm byng j w 2016 the number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 bibcode 2016phytx 261 201c doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 aldasoro j j navarro c p vargas saez l aedo c 2002 california a new genus of geraniaceae endemic to the southwest of north america pdf anales jard bot madrid 59 2 209 216 doi 10 3989 ajbm 2001 v59 i2 128 price robert a palmer jeffrey d 1993 phylogenetic relationships of the geraniaceae and geraniales from rbcl sequence comparisons annals of the missouri botanical garden 80 3 661 671 bibcode 1993anmbg 80 661p doi 10 2307 2399852 jstor 2399852 pignatti sandro 1982 flora d italia in italian edagricole isbn 978 88 506 2310 5 bakker freek t culham alastair hettiarachi priyani touloumenidou tasoula gibby mary february 2004 phylogeny of pelargonium geraniaceae based on dna sequences from three genomes taxon 53 1 17 doi 10 2307 4135485 external links edit geraniaceae of mongolia in floragreif archived 2016 03 04 at the wayback machine wikimedia commons has media related to geraniaceae wikispecies has information related to geraniaceae v t e families of flowering plants apg iv supergroup plant rhodophyta chlorophyta marchantiophyta bryophyta anthocerotophyta polypodiophyta acrogymnospermae angiospermae basal angio sperms amborellales amborellaceae nymphaeales hydatellaceae cabombaceae nymphaeaceae austrobaileyales austrobaileyaceae trimeniaceae schisandraceae mesangiospermae magnoliidae canellales canellaceae winteraceae piperales aristolochiaceae saururaceae piperaceae magnoliales myristicaceae magnoliaceae degeneriaceae himantandraceae eupomatiaceae annonaceae laurales calycanthaceae siparunaceae gomortegaceae atherospermataceae hernandiaceae monimiaceae lauraceae chloranthidae chloranthales chloranthaceae lilidae monocots acorales acoraceae alismatales araceae tofieldiaceae alismataceae butomaceae hydrocharitaceae scheuchzeriaceae aponogetonaceae juncaginaceae maundiaceae zosteraceae potamogetonaceae posidoniaceae ruppiaceae cymodoceaceae petrosaviales petrosaviaceae dioscoreales nartheciaceae burmanniaceae dioscoreaceae pandanales triuridaceae velloziaceae stemonaceae cyclanthaceae pandanaceae liliales campynemataceae corsiaceae melanthiaceae petermanniaceae alstroemeriaceae colchicaceae philesiaceae ripogonaceae smilacaceae liliaceae asparagales orchidaceae boryaceae blandfordiaceae asteliaceae lanariaceae hypoxidaceae doryanthaceae ixioliriaceae tecophilaeaceae iridaceae xeronemataceae asphodelaceae amaryllidaceae asparagaceae arecales dasypogonaceae arecaceae commelinales hanguanaceae commelinaceae philydraceae pontederiaceae haemodoraceae zingiberales strelitziaceae lowiaceae heliconiaceae musaceae cannaceae marantaceae costaceae zingiberaceae poales typhaceae bromeliaceae rapateaceae xyridaceae eriocaulaceae mayacaceae thurniaceae juncaceae cyperaceae restionaceae flagellariaceae joinvilleaceae ecdeiocoleaceae poaceae ceratophyllidae ceratophyllales ceratophyllaceae eudicots buxales buxaceae proteales sabiaceae nelumbonaceae platanaceae proteaceae ranunculales eupteleaceae papaveraceae circaeasteraceae lardizabalaceae menispermaceae berberidaceae ranunculaceae trochodendrales trochodendraceae dilleniales dilleniaceae gunnerales myrothamnaceae gunneraceae superrosids saxifragales peridiscaceae paeoniaceae altingiaceae hamamelidaceae cercidiphyllaceae daphniphyllaceae iteaceae grossulariaceae saxifragaceae crassulaceae aphanopetalaceae tetracarpaeaceae penthoraceae haloragaceae cynomoriaceae rosids vitales vitaceae fabids cucurbitales apodanthaceae anisophylleaceae corynocarpaceae coriariaceae cucurbitaceae tetramelaceae datiscaceae begoniaceae fabales quillajaceae fabaceae surianaceae polygalaceae fagales nothofagaceae fagaceae myricaceae juglandaceae casuarinaceae ticodendraceae betulaceae rosales rosaceae barbeyaceae dirachmaceae elaeagnaceae rhamnaceae ulmaceae cannabaceae moraceae urticaceae zygophyllales krameriaceae zygophyllaceae celastrales lepidobotryaceae celastraceae malpighiales pandaceae irvingiaceae ctenolophonaceae rhizophoraceae erythroxylaceae ochnaceae bonnetiaceae clusiaceae calophyllaceae podostemaceae hypericaceae caryocaraceae lophopyxidaceae putranjivaceae centroplacaceae elatinaceae malpighiaceae balanopaceae trigoniaceae dichapetalaceae euphroniaceae chrysobalanaceae humiriaceae achariaceae violaceae goupiaceae passifloraceae lacistemataceae salicaceae peraceae rafflesiaceae euphorbiaceae linaceae ixonanthaceae picrodendraceae phyllanthaceae oxalidales huaceae connaraceae oxalidaceae cunoniaceae elaeocarpaceae cephalotaceae brunelliaceae malvids brassicales akaniaceae tropaeolaceae moringaceae caricaceae limnanthaceae setchellanthaceae koeberliniaceae bataceae salvadoraceae emblingiaceae tovariaceae pentadiplandraceae gyrostemonaceae resedaceae capparaceae cleomaceae brassicaceae crossosomatales aphloiaceae geissolomataceae strasburgeriaceae staphyleaceae guamatelaceae stachyuraceae crossosomataceae geraniales geraniaceae francoaceae huerteales gerrardinaceae petenaeaceae tapisciaceae dipentodontaceae malvales cytinaceae muntingiaceae neuradaceae malvaceae sphaerosepalaceae thymelaeaceae bixaceae cistaceae sarcolaenaceae dipterocarpaceae myrtales combretaceae lythraceae onagraceae vochysiaceae myrtaceae melastomataceae crypteroniaceae alzateaceae penaeaceae picramniales picramniaceae sapindales biebersteiniaceae nitrariaceae kirkiaceae burseraceae anacardiaceae sapindaceae rutaceae simaroubaceae meliaceae superasterids berberidopsidales aextoxicaceae berberidopsidaceae caryophyllales frankeniaceae tamaricaceae plumbaginaceae polygonaceae droseraceae nepenthaceae drosophyllaceae dioncophyllaceae ancistrocladaceae rhabdodendraceae simmondsiaceae physenaceae asteropeiaceae macarthuriaceae microteaceae caryophyllaceae achatocarpaceae amaranthaceae stegnospermataceae limeaceae lophiocarpaceae kewaceae barbeuiaceae gisekiaceae aizoaceae phytolaccaceae petiveriaceae sarcobataceae nyctaginaceae molluginaceae montiaceae didiereaceae basellaceae halophytaceae talinaceae portulacaceae anacampserotaceae cactaceae santalales olacaceae opiliaceae balanophoraceae santalaceae misodendraceae schoepfiaceae loranthaceae asterids cornales nyssaceae hydrostachyaceae hydrangeaceae loasaceae curtisiaceae grubbiaceae cornaceae ericales balsaminaceae marcgraviaceae tetrameristaceae fouquieriaceae polemoniaceae lecythidaceae sladeniaceae pentaphylacaceae sapotaceae ebenaceae primulaceae theaceae symplocaceae diapensiaceae styracaceae sarraceniaceae roridulaceae actinidiaceae clethraceae cyrillaceae ericaceae mitrastemonaceae lamiids icacinales oncothecaceae icacinaceae metteniusales metteniusaceae garryales eucommiaceae garryaceae gentianales rubiaceae gentianaceae loganiaceae gelsemiaceae apocynaceae boraginales boraginaceae vahliales vahliaceae solanales convolvulaceae solanaceae montiniaceae sphenocleaceae hydroleaceae lamiales plocospermataceae carlemanniaceae oleaceae tetrachondraceae calceolariaceae gesneriaceae plantaginaceae scrophulariaceae stilbaceae linderniaceae byblidaceae martyniaceae pedaliaceae acanthaceae bignoniaceae lentibulariaceae schlegeliaceae thomandersiaceae verbenaceae lamiaceae mazaceae phrymaceae paulowniaceae orobanchaceae campanulids apiales pennantiaceae torricelliaceae griseliniaceae pittosporaceae araliaceae myodocarpaceae apiaceae aquifoliales stemonuraceae cardiopteridaceae phyllonomaceae helwingiaceae aquifoliaceae asterales rousseaceae campanulaceae pentaphragmataceae stylidiaceae alseuosmiaceae phellinaceae argophyllaceae menyanthaceae goodeniaceae calyceraceae asteraceae bruniales columelliaceae bruniaceae dipsacales adoxaceae caprifoliaceae escalloniales escalloniaceae paracryphiales paracryphiaceae category taxon identifiers geraniaceae wikidata q155945 wikispecies geraniaceae apni 54538 col 623gk eol 285 eppo 1gerf florabase 22839 fna 10367 foao2 geraniaceae foc 10367 gbif old 4676 grin 476 inaturalist 47689 ipni 30001521 2 irmng 119585 itis 29103 nbn nbnsys0000160058 ncbi 4027 nzor 64afe3b4 bfbb 48b8 a2ef 82c14c9e0767 open tree of life 948914 paleobiology database 55600 plazi 2fd93a8e 8177 b6f3 8c30 143ad5b28001 powo urn lsid ipni org names 30001521 2 tropicos 42000268 vascan 136 vicflora b79dab04 af6b 4f7c a0ca ed55b6bdbc5c watson dallwitz geraniac wfo wfo 7000000245 worms 382461 authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data czech republic israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title geraniaceae oldid 1360557661 categories geraniaceae rosid families hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles with species microformats all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from july 2023 all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from december 2019 articles with permanently dead external links cs1 italian language sources it webarchive template wayback links commons category link is on wikidata taxonbars with 25 29 taxon ids this page was last edited on 22 june 2026 at 06 45 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to 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