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barrois, 5161409, oclc, plantarum, secundum, ordines, naturales, disposita, juxta, methodum, horto, regio, parisiensi, exaratam, antoine, laurent, tournay, casterman, analyse, plantes, avec, indication, principaux, genres, rattachent, barthélemy, revised, 124, tb01661, 1968, bronx, new, york, 9780893273323, 217, 11646, 201, known, world, its, annual, increase, maarten, théorie, élémentaire, botanique, exposition, principes, naturelle, art, décrire, etudier, végétaux, prague, krala, wiljma, endersa, book, bakker, freek, march, wiley, 0470016176, 1038, npg, 0003716, comparisons, 671, 661, olmstead, richard, morgan, david, donald, mishler, brent, duvall, melvin, hills, harold, qiu, yin, long, kron, kathleen, rettig, conti, elena, manhart, michaels, helen, kress, john, karol, clark, dennis, hedren, mikael, gaut, brandon, jansen, kim, joong, wimpee, smith, furnier, glenn, strauss, steven, xiang, yun, plunkett, gregory, swensen, susan, williams, stephen, gadek, paul, quinn, christopher, eguiarte, luis, golenberg, edward, gerald, graham, sean, barrett, spencer, dayanandan, selvadurai, albert, victor, 528, 1969, 179875, analysis, nucleotide, sequences, plastid, pamela, douglas, mark, biodiversity, heritage, library, reconstruction, 786, summer, i317486, 523, media, cole, theodor, 7287, peerj, preprints, 3127v1, researchgate, poster, gpp, weddell, 221, tribus, 192, 195, subtribes, xiii, gerainia, geraines, 268, smets, erik, 803, 28961907, 5691401, mcx101, 791, 120, relationship, between, architecture, case, 408, 28025289, 5314648, mcw230, 395, 119, revisited, evolutionary, trends, part, multi, institutional, ann, bot, gard, greyia, balbisia, viviania, comparison, dna, fragments, resulted, now, treated, saxifragaceae, leaves, bersamaceae, considerable, rearrangements, took, place, substituted, based, work, spalink, berger, remains, substantial, uncertainty, regarding, fresen, later, conflicting, evidence, palazzesi, chose, follow, broader, time, being, till, these, differences, resolved, nomenclatural, priority, typical, newer, arrangements, definition, eight, found, tropical, mountainous, regions, provided, option, considering, when, apparent, closely, collapsed, one, melanthiaceae, optional, thus, four, andes, 1836, klotzsch, 1834, meyen, 1926, hutch, 1861, wedd, 1832, amongst, six, elucidation, methods, alone, had, proven, difficult, demonstrated, widely, treatment, various, instance, immersed, whereas, others, maintained, taxa, maintaining, among, first, investigators, disassembled, traditional, morphologically, defined, replacing, series, nested, specifically, eudicot, segregated, clades, dicotyledons, chloroplast, cytological, morphological, modern, include, those, 1987, nine, 1992, same, except, takhtajan, systems, averrhoaceae, lepidobotryaceae, ixonanthaceae, ctenolophonaceae, linaceae, humiriaceae, erythroxylaceae, balanitaceae, peganaceae, nitrariaceae, zygophyllaceae, while, construction, rutiflorae, superorder, balsaminaceae, tropaeolaceae, limnanthaceae, comprised, contains, 830, historical, since, fulfill, all, rules, subsequently, validly, both, designation, developed, concept, gerania, although, correspond, understandings, occurred, called, consisting, pelargonieae, geranieae, each, three, rad, valid, economic, importance, low, cultivated, their, industry, mostly, medicinal, uses, record, missing, paleobotanic, horticultural, perfume, aromatic, oil, rather, usually, perfectly, pentamerous, pentacyclic, without, fused, organs, besides, carpels, superior, gynoecium, androecium, obdiplostemonous, few, tetramerous, complete, whorl, instead, usual, ten, bear, nectariferous, nectary, glands, formed, receptacle, localised, bases, antesepalous, monsonia, erodium, dimorphopetalum, francoa, conserved, flower, morphology, largest, over, 800, addition, includes, smaller, trees, shrubs, herbaceous, tracheophytes, plantae, kingdom, scientific, palustre, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, 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hasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 lietuvių latviešu македонски nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский scots simple english српски srpski svenska తెలుగు türkçe українська tiếng việt winaray 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia order of flowering plants in the rosid subclade of eudicots geraniales geranium palustre scientific classification kingdom plantae clade tracheophytes clade angiosperms clade eudicots clade rosids clade malvids order geraniales juss ex bercht j presl 1 families geraniaceae francoaceae geraniales is a small order of flowering plants included within the rosid subclade of eudicots the largest family in the order is geraniaceae with over 800 species in addition the order includes the smaller francoaceae with about 40 species most geraniales are herbaceous but there are also shrubs and small trees flower morphology of the geraniales is rather conserved they are usually perfectly pentamerous and pentacyclic without fused organs besides the carpels of the superior gynoecium the androecium is obdiplostemonous only a few genera are tetramerous francoa dimorphopetalum melianthus in some genera some stamens pelargonium or a complete whorl of stamens are reduced erodium melianthus in the genera hypseocharis and monsonia there are 15 instead of the usual ten stamens most genera bear nectariferous flowers 2 the nectary glands are formed by the receptacle and are localised at the bases of the antesepalous stamens 2 3 the economic importance of geraniales is low some species of the genus pelargonium geraniaceae are cultivated for their aromatic oil used in the perfume industry some other species also mostly within geraniaceae have horticultural or medicinal uses a paleobotanic record is missing taxonomy edit origins edit the botanical authority for geraniales is given to jussieu 4 but since the original description did not fulfill all the rules for a valid publication and was subsequently validly published attribution is given to both jussieu and the subsequent publication hence the designation geraniales juss ex bercht j presl jussieu who developed the concept of botanical families described the gerania as a grouping of five genera including geranium although jussieu used the term ordo this did not correspond to current understandings of the term order 5 6 the subsequent attribution occurred in 1820 in the czech text o prirozenosti rostlin by friedrich von berchtold and jan svatopluk presl hence ex bercht j presl 7 however berchtold and presl also only described a rad ordo of five genera which they called geraniae 8 other authorities have given the authority to dumortier who described the family geraniaceae consisting of two tribes pelargonieae and geranieae each with three genera 9 circumscription edit geraniales contains two families 11 genera and about 830 species 10 for a historical account of the circumscription of the order see price and palmer 1993 table 1 11 under the cronquist system 1988 12 the geraniales comprised the following five families family geraniaceae family oxalidaceae family limnanthaceae family tropaeolaceae family balsaminaceae while the dahlgren system 1980 was much larger in circumscription with 16 families only two of which were in cronquist s construction and placed the order in the superorder rutiflorae 13 family zygophyllaceae family nitrariaceae family peganaceae family balanitaceae family erythroxylaceae family humiriaceae family linaceae family ctenolophonaceae family ixonanthaceae family lepidobotryaceae family oxalidaceae including averrhoaceae family geraniaceae family dirachmaceae family ledocarpaceae family vivianiaceae family biebersteiniaceae other modern systems include those of takhtajan 1987 with nine families and thorne 1992 thorne s system was the same as cronquist s except that biebersteiniaceae dirachmaceae ledocarpaceae and vivianiaceae were reduced to subfamilies of geraniaceae molecular phylogenetics angiosperm phylogeny group edit the elucidation of the relationships within the order by morphological or cytological methods alone had proven difficult as demonstrated by the widely different treatment by various authorities for instance cronquist and thorne immersed the families biebersteiniaceae dirachmaceae ledocarpaceae rhynchothecaceae and vivianiaceae within geraniaceae geraniaceae sensu lato whereas dahlgren and others maintained them as separate taxa maintaining a core geraniaceae geraniaceae sensu stricto 11 price and palmer 1993 were among the first investigators to apply molecular phylogenetics to this order using the chloroplast gene rbc l 11 14 a this disassembled the traditional morphologically defined grouping of dicotyledons replacing it with a series of nested clades the geraniales segregated in the eudicot clade specifically in the rosid subclade the family circumscription of the angiosperm phylogeny group apg of 1998 placed geraniales dumort amongst the rosids with the following six families 15 geraniales dumort 1829 16 francoaceae a juss 1832 geraniaceae juss 1789 hypseocharitaceae wedd 1861 greyiaceae hutch 1926 ledocarpaceae meyen 1834 melianthaceae bercht j presl 1820 vivianiaceae klotzsch 1836 hypseocharitaceae were a small family of eight species of the genus hypseocharis found in the tropical mountainous regions of the andes 17 the apg provided the option of considering them as a separate family or subsumed into geraniaceae by 2003 when the apg was published it was apparent that the small families francoaceae greyiaceae and melianthaceae were closely related and were collapsed into one family as melanthiaceae with francoaceae as an optional synonym thus the number of families was reduced to four 18 the apg iii classification 2009 was typical of newer arrangements in this definition hypseocharitaceae was included within geraniaceae francoaceae and greyiaceae were included within melianthaceae and ledocarpaceae was included within the vivianiaceae 1 however considerable rearrangements took place in the 2016 apg iv system francoaceae was substituted for melianthaceae due to nomenclatural priority the latter subsumed vivianiaceae based on the work of sytsma spalink berger 2014 however there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the relationships within francoaceae sensu stricto s s melianthaceae bersama fresen and melianthus l and ledocarpaceae here vivianiaceae is used as a later synonym for ledocarpaceae this due to conflicting evidence see palazzesi et al 2012 the apg chose to follow the broader circumscription for the time being till these differences are resolved this leaves the order geraniales with only two families geraniaceae and francoaceae including bersamaceae greyiaceae ledocarpaceae melianthaceae rhynchothecaceae and vivianiaceae 19 the vivianiaceae and ledocarpaceae were included within the geraniaceae and the hypseocharitaceae within the oxalidaceae which are now treated in the order oxalidales the melianthaceae were placed within the sapindales the greyiaceae and francoaceae within the rosales the latter subsumed within the saxifragaceae recent comparison of dna fragments from species within the order resulted in the following phylogenetic tree 20 geraniales hypseocharitaceae geraniaceae francoaceae in sensu lato francoaceae core viviania and balbisia formerly vivianiaceae melianthus greyia and bersama formerly melianthaceae notes edit part of a much larger multi institutional study of the phylogeny of seed plants ann missouri bot gard 1993 references edit 1 2 apg iii 2009 1 2 jeiter julius weigend maximilian hilger hartmut h 2017 02 01 geraniales flowers revisited evolutionary trends in floral nectaries annals of botany 119 3 395 408 doi 10 1093 aob mcw230 issn 0305 7364 pmc 5314648 pmid 28025289 jeiter julius hilger hartmut h smets erik f weigend maximilian 2017 11 10 the relationship between nectaries and floral architecture a case study in geraniaceae and hypseocharitaceae annals of botany 120 5 791 803 doi 10 1093 aob mcx101 issn 0305 7364 pmc 5691401 pmid 28961907 jussieu 1789 ordo xiii gerainia les geraines p 268 icn 2012 18 2 names of families and subfamilies tribes and subtribes candolle 1813 des familles et des tribus pp 192 195 tropicos 2015 geraniales juss ex bercht j presl berchtold presl 1820 geraniae p 221 dumortier 1829 geraniaceae juss p 46 christenhusz byng 2016 1 2 3 price palmer 1993 cronquist 1988 dahlgren 1980 chase et al 1993 apg i 1998 dumortier 1829 watson dallwitz 2016 hypseocharitaceae weddell apg ii 2003 apg iv 2016 jeiter julius cole theodor c h hilger hartmut h geraniales phylogeny poster gpp 2017 researchgate doi 10 7287 peerj preprints 3127v1 retrieved 2017 09 27 bibliography edit wikimedia commons has media related to geraniales wikispecies has information related to geraniales rbcl sequence data and phylogenetic reconstruction in seed plants annals of the missouri botanical garden 80 3 523 786 summer 1993 jstor i317486 also at biodiversity heritage library here chase mark w soltis douglas e olmstead richard g morgan david les donald h mishler brent d duvall melvin r price robert a hills harold g qiu yin long kron kathleen a rettig jeffrey h conti elena palmer jeffrey d manhart james r sytsma kenneth j michaels helen j kress w john karol kenneth g clark w dennis hedren mikael gaut brandon s jansen robert k kim ki joong wimpee charles f smith james f furnier glenn r strauss steven h xiang qui yun plunkett gregory m soltis pamela s swensen susan m williams stephen e gadek paul a quinn christopher j eguiarte luis e golenberg edward learn gerald h graham sean w barrett spencer c h dayanandan selvadurai albert victor a 1993 phylogenetics of seed plants an analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbc l pdf annals of the missouri botanical garden 80 3 528 doi 10 2307 2399846 hdl 1969 1 179875 jstor 2399846 price robert a palmer jeffrey d 1993 phylogenetic relationships of the geraniaceae and geraniales from rbcl sequence comparisons annals of the missouri botanical garden 80 3 661 671 doi 10 2307 2399852 jstor 2399852 bakker freek t 26 march 2003 geraniales geranium els wiley doi 10 1038 npg els 0003716 isbn 978 0470016176 cite book journal ignored help berchtold friedrich von presl jan svatopluk 1820 o prirozenosti rostlin prague krala wiljma endersa candolle a p de 1813 théorie élémentaire de la botanique ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l art de décrire et d etudier les végétaux in french retrieved 5 february 2014 christenhusz maarten jm byng j w 2016 the number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 cronquist a 1988 1968 the evolution and classification of flowering plants 2nd ed bronx ny new york botanical garden isbn 9780893273323 dahlgren r m t february 1980 a revised system of classification of the angiosperms botanical journal of the linnean society 80 2 91 124 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1980 tb01661 x dumortier barthélemy charles 1829 analyse des familles des plantes avec l indication des principaux genres qui s y rattachent in french tournay j casterman retrieved 16 january 2016 jussieu antoine laurent de 1789 genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in horto regio parisiensi exaratam in latin paris apud viduam herissant et theophilum barrois oclc 5161409 retrieved 9 january 2014 pelletier bernard 2016 2012 empire biota taxonomy and evolution 2nd ed lulu isbn 978 1 329 87400 8 watson l dallwitz m j 2016 the families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification and information retrieval delta description language for taxonomy archived from the original on 15 may 2016 retrieved 1 july 2016 icn 2012 international code of nomenclature for algae fungi and plants bratislava international association for plant taxonomy retrieved 2 february 2014 tropicos missouri botanical garden 2015 retrieved 30 december 2015 ipni 2015 the international plant names index apg edit apg i 1998 an ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants annals of the missouri botanical garden 85 4 531 553 doi 10 2307 2992015 jstor 2992015 apg ii 2003 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg ii botanical journal of the linnean society 141 4 399 436 doi 10 1046 j 1095 8339 2003 t01 1 00158 x apg iii 2009 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iii botanical journal of the linnean society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x hdl 10654 18083 apg iv 2016 an update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants apg iv botanical journal of the linnean society 181 1 1 20 doi 10 1111 boj 12385 v t e orders of flowering plants apg iv supergroup plant bryophyta marchantiophyta polypodiophyta acrogymnospermae angiospermae angiosperms amborellales ¹ nymphaeales ¹ austrobaileyales ¹ mesangiosperms chloranthales ceratophyllales magnoliids canellales piperales laurales magnoliales monocots acorales ² alismatales ² petrosaviales ³ dioscoreales ³ pandanales ³ liliales ³ asparagales ³ commelinids arecales poales commelinales zingiberales eudicots ranunculales proteales trochodendrales buxales gunnerales pentapetalae dilleniales superrosids saxifragales rosids vitales fabids zygophyllales celastrales malpighiales oxalidales fabales rosales cucurbitales fagales malvids geraniales myrtales crossosomatales picramniales sapindales huerteales brassicales malvales superasterids berberidopsidales santalales caryophyllales asterids cornales ericales campanulids aquifoliales asterales escalloniales bruniales apiales dipsacales paracryphiales lamiids icacinales metteniusales garryales boraginales gentianales lamiales solanales vahliales ¹ basal angiosperms ² alismatids ³ lilioids category taxon identifiers geraniales wikidata q14272 wikispecies geraniales apni 214985 col b7vxp eol 284 eppo 1gero gbif old 624 inaturalist 47690 irmng 10748 itis 29060 nbn nhmsys0000066124 ncbi 41943 nzor 9aa15774 499d 4268 bb3e b48094e7ade0 open tree of life 648900 paleobiology database 55356 plazi 2da05cca fd29 fadb 1070 b0d6811743f0 tropicos 43000069 vascan 31 vicflora f2d8cf33 7010 47b2 bfb0 82389518387a wfo wfo 9000000224 worms 382460 authority control databases national united states france bnf data czech republic israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title geraniales oldid 1354728122 categories geraniales angiosperm orders hidden categories artic...