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november 1943 b 24 bombers from the seventh air force stationed in the ellice islands had flown bombing missions over mili and maloelap on 3 december 1943 task force 50 under rear admiral charles alan pownall including fleet carriers uss essex intrepid lexington and yorktown and light carriers belleau wood and cowpens launched airstrikes against kwajalein four transports were sunk and fifty japanese aircraft were destroyed but the attack lacked strategic value fearing a counterattack from wotje pownall ordered a second strike against the island the japanese counterattacked in a night bombing raid in which lexington sustained a torpedo hit but was not sunk the american task force later returned to pearl harbor the yorktown s aircraft would continue to fly air cover over the atoll on 29 january 31 january and from 1 to 3 february the invasion of the marshalls was delayed for about a month due to logistical problems japanese commander rear admiral monzo akiyama was aware that he lacked sufficient fortifications 2 he commanded a garrison of 8 000 men but only about half of them were soldiers most of the rest were korean laborers 7 to defend kwajalein akiyama was relying on an aerial counterstrike with his 110 aircraft to weaken the american landing forces 2 however on 29 january 1944 american carrier aircraft from carriers yorktown lexington and cowpens destroyed 92 japanese fighters and bombers on the island akiyama now lacked the ability to effectively mount a successful defense of the island 1 battle of majuro edit on 31 january 1944 rear admiral harry w hill dispatched the reconnaissance company from the v amphibious corps of the u s marines and the u s army s 2nd battalion 106th infantry 27th infantry division to land on majuro this marked the beginning of operation flintlock the invasion of kwajalein 2 american planners viewed the island as an important base for conducting air operations against the rest of the marshall islands and eventually the marianas 6 the force took the lightly defended island in a single day without any casualties 2 battle of kwajalein edit main article battle of kwajalein see also operation flintlock ground order of battle see also operation flintlock naval order of battle the same day as the landings on majuro the 4th marine division under major general harry schmidt began their assault on kwajalein 1 the marines first landed on roi namur a group of islands in the northern part of the atoll 2 significant confusion and delays were caused by poor weather and inexperienced marines but the pre invasion naval and air bombardment was extremely effective out of roughly 3 000 japanese soldiers only about 300 were left to contest the american landings on the southern island of kwajalein major general charles h corlett s 7th infantry division landed with relative ease although japanese defensive fortifications and counterattacks slowed the americans more troops more experience in amphibious landings an effective pre landing bombardment and the position of japanese defenses on the opposite side of the atoll from where the americans landed contributed to the capture of kwajalein and its surrounding islands on 7 february 2 11 of the entire force of about 8 000 japanese troops guarding majuro and kwajalein only 253 were taken prisoner the americans suffered 348 men killed 1 462 wounded and 183 missing in the eight days it took to take the atoll 11 battle of eniwetok edit main article battle of eniwetok american strategists believed that eniwetok s islets contained enough room for airfields deemed critical for the upcoming invasion of the marianas 1 japanese major general yoshimi nishida knew that it would be difficult to hold the main island of eniwetok against invasion he had roughly 4 000 troops half of them ija troops the remainder a variety of sailors since the americans would be landing with naval and air support therefore giving them the upper hand once they established a beachhead he decided to attempt to stop them at the beaches 2 on 17 february 1944 the american naval bombardment of eniwetok atoll began marking the beginning of operation catchpole the same day the 22nd marine regiment under colonel john t walker landed on the northern island of engebi 11 the landings were logistically difficult with american men and materiel scattered along the beach 2 the marines took the island on 18 february with 85 dead and 166 wounded on 19 february the 106th infantry regiment under lieutenant general thomas e watson landed on the main island of eniwetok after a heavy bombardment 11 however the japanese spider holes and bunkers withstood much american shore bombardment landing american troops also faced the same logistical problems as the 22nd marine regiment on engebi japanese forces concentrated in the southwest corner of the island counterattacked the american flank forcing the americans to attack mainly at night 2 eniwetok island was captured on 21 february with the loss of 37 americans and nearly 800 japanese on parry island the americans used heavy gunfire support from battleships before the 22nd marine regiment under watson came ashore on 22 february capturing the entire atoll by 23 february on eniwetok 313 americans were killed in the fighting 879 were wounded and 77 were reported missing while the japanese suffered 3 380 dead and 105 captured 11 this marked an end to the marshall islands campaign 2 aftermath edit the americans emerged victorious in the gilbert islands campaign but suffered from logistical and experiential mishaps ultimately incurring a total of 2 459 dead and 2 286 wounded meanwhile japanese forces suffered a total of 5 085 dead and 247 captured 11 the heavy casualties and gruesome fighting conditions for both sides convinced general holland smith commanding general of v amphibious corps that tarawa should have been bypassed although other high ranking american officers who disagreed 12 by contrast the marshall islands fell to american forces with relative ease the americans used lessons learned at tarawa by ensuring that they outnumbered enemy defenders by nearly 6 to 1 and brought heavier firepower to bear including use of armor piercing shells even after the islands had received nearly a month of heavy air and naval bombardment 6 in the marshalls the americans had 611 killed 2 341 wounded and 260 missing while the japanese lost over 11 000 men and had 358 captured 11 after the gilbert and marshall islands were taken the allies built naval bases fortifications and airfields on the islands to prepare for an assault on the marianas 2 the japanese defeat forced the ija and ijn to draw back to a new defensive perimeter the absolute national defense zone which included the marianas and palau japanese forces heavily fortified these islands against the impending american assault because if captured they would allow american heavy bombers to directly target the japanese home islands 3 see also edit marshalls gilberts raids raid on truk lagoon references edit 1 2 3 4 morison samuel eliot 2001 history of united states naval operations in world war ii vol 7 aleutians gilberts and marshalls june 1942 april 1944 edison nj castle books 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 marshall islands campaign retrieved 12 july 2016 1 2 3 hylton wil 2013 vanished the sixty year search for the missing men of world war ii new york ny riverhead books 1 2 meyers bruce f 2004 swift silent and deadly marine amphibious reconnaissance in the pacific 1942 1945 annapolis md naval institute press gordon l rottman 2001 world war ii pacific island guide a geo military study wesport connecticut greenwood press 1 2 3 dickson keith 2001 world war ii for dummies indianapolis in wiley publishing inc 1 2 frank bemis m shaw jr henry i 1990 history of u s marine corps operations in world war ii vol 5 victory and occupation new york ny penguin books cite book cs1 maint multiple names authors list link samuel eliot morison 2011 aleutians gilberts marshalls june 1942 april 1944 naval institute press lst lt leo b shinn war department action report galvanic encl h histdiv hqmc 6514 4559 box 9 folder a6 9 jump up to a b chen c peter gilbert islands campaign retrieved 26 september 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 rottman gordon 2013 the marshall islands 1944 operation flintlock the capture of kwajalein and eniwetok campaign oxford osprey publishing smith holland m finch perry 1976 coral and brass new york ny viking further reading edit drea edward j 1998 an allied interpretation of the pacific war in the service of the emperor essays on the imperial japanese army lincoln ne university of nebraska press hoyt edwin p 1979 storm over the gilberts war in the central pacific 1943 new york ny van nostrand reinhold toll ian w 2015 the conquering tide war in the pacific islands 1942 1944 new york w w norton v t e world war ii outline battles operations leaders allied axis commanders casualties conferences general topics air warfare of world war ii in europe blitzkrieg comparative military ranks cryptography declarations of war diplomacy governments in exile home front australian united kingdom united states lend lease manhattan project british contribution military awards military equipment military production names naval history nazi plunder opposition technology allied cooperation mulberry harbour total war strategic bombing puppet states women art and world war ii music in world war ii weather events during world war ii theaters asia and pacific china south east asia pacific north and central pacific south west pacific indian ocean europe western front eastern front mediterranean and middle east north africa east africa italy west africa atlantic timeline americas aftermath chinese civil war cold war decolonization division of korea first indochina war expulsion of germans greek civil war indonesian national revolution repatriation of soviet citizens repatriation of cossacks operation keelhaul marshall plan occupation of germany occupation of japan osoaviakhim paperclip soviet occupations baltic hungary poland romania territorial changes of germany territorial changes of poland treaty on the final settlement with respect to germany united nations war crimes allied war crimes soviet war crimes atrocities against prisoners of war british war crimes united states war crimes german war crimes forced labour wehrmacht war crimes the holocaust aftermath response nuremberg trials italian war crimes japanese war crimes nanjing massacre unit 731 prosecution croatian war crimes genocide of serbs persecution of jews romanian war crimes sexual violence german military brothels camp brothels rape during the occupation of germany japan poland manchuria rape during the liberation of france serbia sook ching comfort women rape of manila marocchinate participants allies algeria australia belgium brazil bulgaria from september 1944 canada china cuba czechoslovakia denmark ethiopia eswatini formerly swaziland finland from september 1944 france free france greece india indian army italy from september 1943 liberia luxembourg mexico netherlands newfoundland new zealand norway philippines poland romania from august 1944 sierra leone south africa southern rhodesia soviet union tuva united kingdom british empire united states puerto rico yugoslavia axis albania protectorate bulgaria until september 1944 state of burma republic of china wang jingwei independent state of croatia finland until september 1944 german reich hungary azad hind iraq italy until september 1943 italian social republic empire of japan manchukuo mengjiang philippines romania until august 1944 slovak republic thailand vichy france guangzhouwan french indochina french madagascar syria lebanon french north africa french west africa collaboration neutral afghanistan andorra bhutan ireland liechtenstein monaco portugal san marino saudi arabia spain sweden switzerland tibet turkey vatican city yemen resistance albania austria belgium bulgaria czech lands denmark dutch east indies estonia ethiopia france germany greece hong kong italy japan jews korea korean liberation army korean volunteer army latvia lithuania luxembourg malaya netherlands northeast china norway philippines poland romania thailand soviet union slovakia western ukraine vietnam quốc dân đảng viet minh yugoslavia pows finnish prisoners in the soviet union french prisoners german prisoners soviet union azerbaijan united kingdom united states italian prisoners germany soviet union japanese prisoners soviet union polish prisoners atrocities by germans soviet union romanian prisoners in the soviet union soviet prisoners finland atrocities by germans timeline prelude africa second italo ethiopian war asia second sino japanese war battles of khalkhin gol europe remilitarisation of the rhineland anschluss munich agreement occupation of czechoslovakia operation himmler italian invasion of albania 1939 invasion of poland battle of the atlantic phoney war first battle of changsha battle of south guangxi winter war 1939 1940 winter offensive 1940 norwegian campaign german invasion of denmark battle of zaoyang yichang german invasion of luxembourg german invasion of the netherlands german invasion of belgium battle of france dunkirk evacuation battle of britain battle of the mediterranean north africa west africa british somaliland hundred regiments offensive baltic states eastern romania japanese invasion of french indochina italian invasion of greece compass 1941 battle of south henan battle of shanggao invasion of yugoslavia german invasion of greece battle of crete anglo iraqi war battle of south shanxi syria lebanon campaign east african campaign invasion of the soviet union summer war finland silver fox lithuania battle of kiev anglo soviet invasion of iran second battle of changsha siege of leningrad battle of moscow bombing of gorky siege of sevastopol attack on pearl harbor niʻihau incident japanese invasion of thailand fall of hong kong fall of the philippines battle of guam battle of wake island malayan campaign battle of borneo japanese invasion of burma third battle of changsha greek famine of 1941 1944 1942 fall of singapore battle of the java sea st nazaire raid battle of christmas island doolittle raid battle of the coral sea battle of madagascar zhejiang jiangxi campaign battle of gazala battle of dutch harbor battle of midway aleutian islands campaign kiska attu blue first battle of el alamein battle of stalingrad kokoda track campaign rzhev jubilee second battle of el alamein guadalcanal campaign torch chinese famine of 1942 1943 1943 black may tunisian campaign battle of west hubei battle of attu bombing of gorky battle of kursk allied invasion of sicily smolensk solomon islands campaign cottage battle of the dnieper allied invasion of italy armistice of cassibile burma northern burma and western yunnan changde second battle of kiev gilbert and marshall islands campaign tarawa makin bengal famine of 1943 1944 tempest monte cassino anzio kors...