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in many different parts of the world to target search and analyze reservations to detect diplomats and government officials 253 first tested in 2010 the aim of the royal concierge is to track down the travel plans of diplomats and it is often supplemented with surveillance methods related to human intelligence humint other covert operations include the wiretapping of room telephones and fax machines used in targeted hotels as well as the monitoring of computers hooked up to the hotel network 253 in november 2013 the australian broadcasting corporation and the guardian revealed that the australian signals directorate dsd had attempted to listen to the private phone calls of the president of indonesia and his wife the indonesian foreign minister marty natalegawa confirmed that he and the president had contacted the ambassador in canberra natalegawa said any tapping of indonesian politicians personal phones violates every single decent and legal instrument i can think of national in indonesia national in australia international as well 254 other high ranking indonesian politicians targeted by the dsd include boediono 255 vice president jusuf kalla 255 former vice president dino patti djalal 255 ambassador to the united states andi mallarangeng 255 government spokesperson hatta rajasa 255 state secretary sri mulyani indrawati 255 former finance minister and current managing director of the world bank widodo adi sutjipto 255 former commander in chief of the military sofyan djalil 255 senior government advisor carrying the title 3g impact and update a classified presentation leaked by snowden revealed the attempts of the asd dsd to keep up to pace with the rollout of 3g technology in indonesia and across southeast asia the asd dsd motto placed at the bottom of each page reads reveal their secrets protect our own 255 under a secret deal approved by british intelligence officials the nsa has been storing and analyzing the internet and email records of british citizens since 2007 the nsa also proposed in 2005 a procedure for spying on the citizens of the uk and other five eyes nations alliance even where the partner government has explicitly denied the u s permission to do so under the proposal partner countries must neither be informed about this particular type of surveillance nor the procedure of doing so 37 toward the end of november the new york times released an internal nsa report outlining the agency s efforts to expand its surveillance abilities 256 the five page document asserts that the law of the united states has not kept up with the needs of the nsa to conduct mass surveillance in the golden age of signals intelligence but there are grounds for optimism because in the nsa s own words the culture of compliance which has allowed the american people to entrust nsa with extraordinary authorities will not be compromised in the face of so many demands even as we aggressively pursue legal authorities 257 the report titled sigint strategy 2012 2016 also said that the u s will try to influence the global commercial encryption market through commercial relationships and emphasized the need to revolutionize the analysis of its vast data collection to radically increase operational impact 256 on november 23 2013 the dutch newspaper nrc handelsblad reported that the netherlands was targeted by u s intelligence agencies in the immediate aftermath of world war ii this period of surveillance lasted from 1946 to 1968 and also included the interception of the communications of other european countries including belgium france west germany and norway 258 the dutch newspaper also reported that nsa infected more than 50 000 computer networks worldwide often covertly with malicious spy software sometimes in cooperation with local authorities designed to steal sensitive information 40 259 on november 23 2013 the dutch newspaper nrc handelsblad released a top secret nsa presentation leaked by snowden showing five classes of accesses that the nsa uses in its worldwide signals intelligence operations 40 259 these five classes of accesses are 3rd party liaison refers to data provided by the international partners of the nsa within the framework of the ukusa agreement these international partners are known as third parties regional refers to over 80 regional special collection services scs the scs is a black budget program operated by the nsa and the cia with operations based in many cities such as athens bangkok berlin brasília budapest frankfurt geneva lagos milan new delhi paris prague vienna and zagreb and others targeting central america the arabian peninsula east asia and continental europe cne an abbreviation for computer network exploitation it is performed by a special cyber warfare unit of the nsa known as tailored access operations tao which infected over 50 000 computer networks worldwide with malicious software designed to steal sensitive information and is mostly aimed at brazil china egypt india mexico saudi arabia and parts of eastern europe large cable 20 major points of access many of them located within the united states fornsat an abbreviation for foreign satellite collection it refers to intercepts from satellites that process data used by other countries such as britain norway japan and the philippines december edit according to the classified documents leaked by snowden the australian signals directorate asd formerly known as the defense signals directorate had offered to share intelligence information it had collected with the other intelligence agencies of the ukusa agreement data shared with foreign countries includes bulk unselected unminimized metadata that it had collected the asd provided such information on the condition that no australian citizens were targeted at the time the asd assessed that unintentional collection of metadata of australian nationals is not viewed as a significant issue if a target was later identified as being an australian national the asd was required to be contacted to ensure that a warrant could be sought consideration was given as to whether medical legal or religious information would be automatically treated differently from other types of data a decision was made that each agency would make such determinations on a case by case basis 260 leaked material does not specify where the asd had collected the intelligence information from however section 7 a of the intelligence services act 2001 commonwealth states that the asd s role is to obtain intelligence about the capabilities intentions or activities of people or organizations outside australia 261 as such it is possible asd s metadata intelligence holdings was focused on foreign intelligence collection and was within the bounds of australian law the washington post revealed that the nsa has been tracking the locations of mobile phones from all over the world by tapping into the cables that connect mobile networks globally and that serve u s cellphones as well as foreign ones in the process of doing so the nsa collects more than five billion records of phone locations on a daily basis this enables nsa analysts to map cellphone owners relationships by correlating their patterns of movement over time with thousands or millions of other phone users who cross their paths 262 263 264 265 the washington post also reported that both gchq and the nsa make use of location data and advertising tracking files generated through normal internet browsing with cookies operated by google known as pref to pinpoint targets for government hacking and to bolster surveillance 266 267 268 the norwegian intelligence service nis which cooperates with the nsa has gained access to russian targets in the kola peninsula and other civilian targets in general the nis provides information to the nsa about politicians energy and armament 269 a top secret memo of the nsa lists the following years as milestones of the norway united states of america sigint agreement or norus agreement 1952 informal starting year of cooperation between the nis and the nsa 270 1954 formalization of the agreement 270 1963 extension of the agreement for coverage of foreign instrumentation signals intelligence fisint 270 1970 extension of the agreement for coverage of electronic intelligence elint 270 1994 extension of the agreement for coverage of communications intelligence comint 270 the nsa considers the nis to be one of its most reliable partners both agencies also cooperate to crack the encryption systems of mutual targets according to the nsa norway has made no objections to its requests from the nis 270 on december 5 sveriges television reported that the national defense radio establishment fra has been conducting a clandestine surveillance operation in sweden targeting the internal politics of russia the operation was conducted on behalf of the nsa receiving data handed over to it by the fra 271 272 the swedish american surveillance operation also targeted russian energy interests as well as the baltic states 273 as part of the ukusa agreement a secret treaty was signed in 1954 by sweden with the united states the united kingdom canada australia and new zealand regarding collaboration and intelligence sharing 274 as a result of snowden s disclosures the notion of swedish neutrality in international politics was called into question 275 in an internal document dating from the year 2006 the nsa acknowledged that its relationship with sweden is protected at the top secret level because of that nation s political neutrality 276 specific details of sweden s cooperation with members of the ukusa agreement include the fra has been granted access to xkeyscore an analytical database of the nsa 277 sweden updated the nsa on changes in swedish legislation that provided the legal framework for information sharing between the fra and the swedish security service 51 since january 2013 a counterterrorism analyst of the nsa has been stationed in the swedish capital of stockholm 51 the nsa gchq and the fra signed an agreement in 2004 that allows the fra to directly collaborate with the nsa without having to consult gchq 51 about five years later the riksdag passed a controversial legislative change briefly allowing the fra to monitor both wireless and cable bound signals passing the swedish border without a court order 278 while also introducing several provisions designed to protect the privacy of individuals according to the original proposal 279 this legislation was amended 11 months later 280 in an effort to strengthen protection of privacy by making court orders a requirement and by imposing several limits on the intelligence gathering 281 282 283 according to documents leaked by snowden the special source operations of the nsa has been sharing information containing logins cookies and googleprefid with the tailored access operations division of the nsa as well as britain s gchq agency 284 during the 2010 g 20 toronto summit the u s embassy in ottawa was transformed into a security command post during a six day spying operation that was conducted by the nsa and closely coordinated with the communications security establishment canada csec the goal of the spying operation was among others to obtain information on international development banking reform and to counter trade protectionism to support u s policy goals 285 on behalf of the nsa the csec has set up covert spying posts in 20 countries around the world 8 in italy the special collection service of the nsa maintains two separate surveillance posts in rome and milan 286 according to a secret nsa memo dated september 2010 the italian embassy in washington d c has been targeted by two spy operations of the nsa under the codename bruneau which refers to mission lifesaver the nsa sucks out all the information stored in the embassy s computers and creates electronic images of hard disk drives 286 under the codename hemlock which refers to mission highlands the nsa gains access to the embassy s communications through physical implants 286 due to concerns that terrorist or criminal networks may be secretly communicating via computer games the nsa gchq cia and fbi have been conducting surveillance and scooping up data from the networks of many online games including massively multiplayer online role playing games mmorpgs such as world of warcraft as well as virtual worlds such as second life and the xbox gaming console 287 288 289 290 the nsa has cracked the most commonly used cellphone encryption technology a5 1 according to a classified document leaked by snowden the agency can process encrypted a5 1 even when it has not acquired an encryption key 291 in addition the nsa uses various types of cellphone infrastructure such as the links between carrier networks to determine the location of a cellphone user tracked by visitor location registers 292 us district court judge for the district of columbia richard leon declared 293 294 295 296 on december 16 2013 that the mass collection of metadata of americans telephone records by the national security agency probably violates the fourth amendment prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures 297 leon granted the request for a preliminary injunction that blocks the collection of phone data for two private plaintiffs larry klayman a conservative lawyer and charles strange father of a cryptologist killed in afghanistan when his helicopter was shot down in 2011 298 and ordered the government to destroy any of their records that have been gathered but the judge stayed action on his ruling pending a government appeal recognizing in his 68 page opinion the significant national security interests at stake in this case and the novelty of the constitutional issues 297 however federal judge william h pauley iii in new york city ruled 299 the u s government s global telephone data gathering system is needed to thwart potential terrorist attacks and that it can only work if everyone s calls are swept in u s district judge pauley also ruled that congress legally set up the program and that it does not violate anyone s constitutional rights the judge also concluded that the telephone data being swept up by the sa did not belong to telephone users but to the telephone companies he further ruled that when the nsa obtains such data from the telephone companies and then probes into it to find links between callers and potential terrorists this further use of the data was not even a search under the fourth amendment he also concluded that the controlling precedent is smith v maryland smith s bedrock holding is that an individual has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information provided to third parties judge pauley wrote 300 301 302 303 the american civil liberties union declared on january 2 2012 that it will appeal judge pauley s ruling that nsa bulk the phone record collection is legal the government has a legitimate interest in tracking the associations of suspected terrorists but tracking th...