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roduce a graphical representation of a real world object in order to design its structure or to assist in calculating performance parameters conduction band in a conductor the energy levels of charge carriers that are free to move through the material constant k filter a method formerly used for designing filters for a required characteristic consumer electronics electronic devices intended to be owned by consumers directly a mobile cell phone is consumer electronics but the cell site it communicates with is not contactor an automatically controlled electrical switch relay used to operate motors or other high current loads continuous fourier transform a mathematical operation that expresses a signal in time as the sum of its frequency components continuous signal a signal that can take any value within its range control engineering the application of control theory to practical problems control system the equipment used to adjust some parameter of an ongoing process to regulate its behavior to a desired goal such as positioning a disk drive head or regulating temperature of a furnace control theory the mathematical study of behavior of control systems controllability in control theory the degree to which a system can be put into any desired state given manipulation of one variable controller a system that adjusts some variable to control a process copper cable certification the process of testing a computer network cable installation to verify that it meets standards copper loss that portion of an electric machine or transformer s loss attributed to the resistance of conductors which are not necessarily made of copper corona ring a component of a high voltage system intended to smooth out the electric field distribution around energized parts coulomb the si unit of electric charge coulomb s law the mathematical relation between force electric charge and distance cpu central processing unit the element of a computer that carries out arithmetic and logic operations crest factor the ratio of peak to effective rms value of a waveform crossed field amplifier a type of microwave amplifier vacuum tube crosstalk objectionable presence of a signal from one circuit in another circuit sharing the same transmission path such as a cable crystal oscillator an electronic oscillator whose frequency is stabilized by a piezoelectric crystal resonator element ćuk converter one kind of buck boost voltage converter that uses a capacitor as an energy storage element current the movement of electric charge current density the current flowing per unit area of a conductor current source inverter a type of power inverter where an inductor tends to keep a constant current flowing in the inverter stage current source in circuit theory an element that produces a defined current independent of the connected circuit properties current transformer an instrument transformer used for measuring current in ac power systems current to voltage converter a transducer that produces an output voltage in response to an input current cybernetics the science of automatic control systems cycloconverter a type of variable frequency power converter that does not first convert ac to dc contents top 0 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z see also references external links d edit damping ratio a parameter that indicates how rapidly oscillations in a system die out if ever darlington transistor an interconnection of two transistors to provide a gain that is the product of the individual gains data compression any technique that allows information to be transmitted more compactly than originally expressed for example codes data networks a network for interconnection of computers and peripherals dc injection braking a method of slowing an ac electric motor by passing direct current through its windings dc to dc converter a circuit that converts a dc voltage into a different level of dc voltage degaussing the process of reducing the residual magnetic field in a metallic object such as a ship delay line a circuit component that introduces a delay in a signal delta wye transformer one type of connection of a three phase transformer demand factor the fraction of actual use of some quantity related to the maximum that could be used in a specified time demand response the ability of a generating station or grid to follow changes in load while maintaining voltage and frequency within acceptable limits demodulation the process of recovery of information sound video data from a modulated carrier describing function a method for analyzing non linear control systems detector a circuit that demodulates a radio signal to recover information diac a four layer semiconductor diode that has a predictable breakdown characteristic dielectric a material that does not allow free flow of electric current digital audio broadcasting transmission of sound by digital signals over radio digital circuit a circuit where all points on the signal path have only one of two states digital computers a computer made of digital circuits digital control a control system that processes signals in digital form digital filter a filter implemented as a digital circuit digital image processing manipulation of an image by a digital computer digital micromirror device an element of a kind of digital projector system digital protective relay a power system protection device that processes signals in digital form digital signal controller a type of microprocessor that combines a digital signal processor element with a more general purpose microcontroller digital signal processing the technique of modifying the properties of a signal that has been converted to digital form digital television transmission of images using digital techniques digital to analog converter a device that produces a voltage or current that is proportional to a digital value sent to it diode bridge an interconnection of diodes to rectify alternating current to direct current diode a two terminal passive circuit element with a preferred direction of current flow dipole antenna a simple form of antenna that consists of two conductors oriented end to end with a feed in between them direct current dc also galvanic current electric current that flows in one direction only in contrast to alternating current ac where the flow of current periodically changes direction and magnitude direct on line starter a kind of motor starter that does not reduce the voltage at the motor terminals direct torque control a method of estimating motor torque as part of a variable speed motor drive discrete cosine transform a mathematical technique for representing a sampled signal as a sum of cosine waves of different frequencies discrete fourier transform a mathematical technique for representing a sampled signal as a sum of sine and cosine waves of different frequencies discrete time signal a signal represented as a time series of samples taken at regular intervals displacement current the effect of a time varying electric field which induces a magnetic field just as the motion of electrical charges does display device any device that displays data from an information system such as a watch readout or an automatic scoreboard dissipation the loss of energy in a system such as dielectric loss in a capacitor dissolved gas analysis a technique for fault detection in oil filled transformers distributed control system a control system in which significant parts of the control process are decentralized distributed element model an analysis of an electric circuit where capacitance inductance and resistance are distributed along the circuit as in a transmission line not concentrated in lumped components distributed generation an electrical grid where multiple small sources contribute energy instead of relatively few large central generating stations distribution board a piece of electrical switchgear which distributes electric power to multiple branch circuits distribution transformer a power transformer usually used to change the utility distribution voltage to a lower voltage for use on the customer premises dolby a trademark for a noise reduction technique for analog sound recordings dot convention a system for marking terminals on instrument transformers to maintain correct polarity doubly fed electric machine an electric machine where both moving and stationary elements have external connections handling significant power downsampling a technique for reducing the number of signal samples processed by a digital system decimation dqo transformation a technique used to simplify mathematical analysis of polyphase electric circuits droop speed control a method of regulating generators so that multiple units share the load proportional to their ratings dual control theory a branch of control theory that deals with systems whose characteristics are initially unknown dual loop a method of supervising contacts and wiring in a security system so as to detect some faults or tampering dvd digital versatile disc a type of optical disc for distributing video recordings and data using an orange red laser dynamic braking a braking system that extracts energy from a moving system to bring it to rest a dynamic braking system generally is not used to hold a position of a stationary object dynamic demand a technique for load management on an electrical grid based on frequency measurement dynamic programming a technique for optimization of the solution of a problem by combining solutions to smaller sub problems dynamic random access memory a type of semiconductor memory where data is stored as electric charges on capacitors the charges must be refreshed periodically or else they will leak away losing the stored data dynamo a direct current generator whose exciting field is provided by an electromagnet contents top 0 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z see also references external links e edit earth leakage circuit breaker elcb a protective device consisting of a current or voltage sensing mechanism that opens or breaks a circuit when stray current or voltage is detected which might otherwise present the possibility of electric shock eddy current an electric current induced inside a conductor exposed to a changing magnetic field edge detection an image processing technique used to identify boundaries of objects edison effect also thermionic emission the emission of an electric current from a hot electrode the thermal energy of which gives some small charged particles such as electrons and ions enough kinetic energy to escape the material s surface thermionic emission is the fundamental mechanism underlying the vacuum tube electret a dielectric material that quasi permanently retains an impressed electrical polarization the dual to a magnet electric arc the discharge of electric current through an open space between conductors either intentionally to produce a source of intense light and heat or as the result of an electrical fault electric charge the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field electric circuit a closed path through which an electric current can flow electric current the motion of electric charges electric displacement field in maxwell s equations a vector field due to electric charges electric distribution systems that portion of an electrical grid that connects customers to substations or the bulk transmission system electric field gradient efg the rate of change of an electric field with respect to distance electric field a vector field that exerts a force on electric charges electric generator a machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by moving conductors through magnetic fields electric motor a machine that produces mechanical energy from electrical energy by moving conductors through magnetic fields electric multiple unit the use of more than one electric locomotive on a train electric potential a measure of the work required to move a unit electric charge in an electric field electric power conversion generally changing the form of electric power electric power distribution in an electric grid the network that brings power from a substation or bulk supply to individual customers electric power research institute a non profit organization that carries out research on behalf of the us electric power industry electric power transmission the bulk movement of electric power for many customers from a generating plant to a local distribution network usually at high voltage electric power the rate of transfer of electrical energy past a given point electric shock an injury caused to people or animals by electric current electrical cable a flexible conducting wire to carry electrical power or signals usually covered with an insulating material electrical code a set of regulations for the use of electricity they may vary from municipal to international in scope electrical conductivity a measure of a substance s ability to pass an electric current electrical conductor an object that carries an electric current with little loss electrical contact a separable part of an electric device that carries current when touching another contact electrical discharge machining edm shaping of a workplace by small sparks electrical element in circuit theory a node at which some electrical property is concentrated resistance etc electrical engineering the profession of applying electricity to practical problems electrical equipment any apparatus for generation transmission or utilization of electric power electrical grid a geographically distributed system to connect sources and users of electric power electrical impedance that property of a circuit that resists the passage of electric current usually in the context of alternating current electrical insulation paper a grade of paper used for insulation of transformers electrical machines capacitors and some cables electrical insulation a material that resists electrical current flow electrical load a consumer of electrical energy turning it into light heat mechanical power data or chemical changes electrical machine any apparatus that converts between electrical power and mechanical power such as a motor or generator electrical measurements that branch of metrology concerned with electrical quantities electrical network a network of electrical components and conductors electrical polarity identification of electrical terminals where current is flowing in the same direction relative to the device electrical steel any of several types of steel used for manufacturing the magnetic field components of machines and transformers electrical substation a facility connecting a distribution network to a transmission network usually with one or more transformers electrical technologist a specialist in applying electrical theory and technique to practical problems electrical wiring regulations the legal framework for electrical installat...