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goryani wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 origins 2 numbers and scope 3 the end of resistance 4 references 5 sources toggle the table of contents goryani 7 languages беларуская български македонски русский српски srpski українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia bulgarian guerrilla movement this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources goryani news newspapers books scholar jstor january 2010 learn how and when to remove this message goryani movement part of anti communist insurgencies in central and eastern europe monument of the perished anticommunists in tsalapitsa date 1944 1956 location people s republic of bulgaria result goryani defeated by 1956 belligerents bulgaria goryani rebels commanders and leaders kimon georgiev georgi dimitrov vasil kolarov valko chervenkov anton yugov todor zhivkov no centralized leadership eastern bloc republics of the ussr armenia azerbaijan byelorussia estonia georgia kazakhstan kirghizia latvia lithuania moldova russia tajikistan turkmenistan ukraine uzbekistan allied and satellite states afghanistan 1978 1989 albania until 1961 angola benin bulgaria china until 1961 congo cuba czechoslovakia until 1989 east germany until 1989 ethiopia derg grenada 1979 1983 hungary until 1989 kampuchea state of cambodia laos mongolia mozambique north korea poland until 1989 romania until 1989 somalia until 1977 south yemen vietnam north vietnam prg yugoslavia 1945 1948 related organizations warsaw pact comecon cominform world federation of trade unions world federation of democratic youth opposition anti soviet partisans albania bulgaria croatia poland romania serbia ukraine guerrilla war in the baltic states soviet occupation estonia latvia lithuania operation jungle protests and uprisings poland 1944 1989 poznań 1956 1980 89 plzeň 1953 east germany 1953 georgia 1956 hungary 1956 quỳnh lưu 1956 novocherkassk 1962 prague 1968 invasion moscow czechoslovakia 1976 1990 romania 1977 kazakhstan 1986 brașov 1987 tbilisi 1989 ukraine 1989 1991 baku 1990 lithuania 1991 riga 1991 dissent soviet poland east germany to hong kong north korea cuba cold war events marshall plan czechoslovak coup tito stalin split berlin blockade korean war vietnam war secret speech sino soviet split albanian soviet split de satellization of the socialist republic of romania berlin wall cuban missile crisis cuban intervention in angola afghan war 1980 moscow olympics 1984 los angeles olympics gulf war fall singing revolution polish round table agreement revolutions of 1989 fall of the berlin wall january events barricades in latvia breakup of yugoslavia yugoslav wars dissolution of the soviet union post soviet conflicts fall of communism in albania dissolution of czechoslovakia v t e the goryani movement bulgarian горянско движение or goryanstvo bulgarian горянство goryanism was an active guerrilla resistance against the soviet aligned people s republic of bulgaria it began immediately after the ninth of september coup d état in 1944 which opened the way to communist rule in bulgaria and ended in 1956 the movement covered the entire country including urban areas and is known to have been the first organised anti soviet armed resistance in eastern europe as well as the longest lasting the members of the movement were dubbed goryani bulgarian горяни those in the forest most likely not by themselves but pejoratively by the authorities or by street wits extremely scant official acknowledgements of the movement termed its members diversanti bulgarian диверсанти subversives saboteurs and invariably stressed that they had been sent across the border by imperialist centres though helped to a significant extent by emigre bulgarians and by foreign powers the goryani movement was mostly indigenous and spontaneous its mode of action was traditionally bulgarian as practiced by the anti ottoman hayduti bulgarian хайдути outlaws and the anti nazi partisans pejoratively called shumkari bulgarian шумкари those of the bushes the goryani hid in remote mountains highlands and forests relying on a large network of yatatsi bulgarian ятаци illicit helpers in settled communities conducted sudden armed raids to disturb official business and withdrew before capture largely composed of country folk who defended their land and property from the communists the goryani had no discernible ideology or platform and were united by their dislike of the communist authorities very little information has survived on the goryani whose existence was steadfastly concealed and denied by the bulgarian communist authorities with historical data on them carefully classified and removed and witnesses or participants intimidated into silence or eliminated since the movement was practically devoid of any international dimension its history has remained remote from the mainstream of world anti communist resistance origins edit the new communist government aided by the red army imposed a policy of class war through several waves of terror extrajudicial intimidation immediately after the 9 september 1944 coup people s court tribunals in the mid 1940s the elimination of opposition to the bulgarian communist party in the late 1940s 1 and the hunt for enemies with a party ticket at the close of the 1940s and into the 1950s armed resistance to the communists began in the immediate aftermath of the coup and reached sustainable proportions in the countryside after the execution of bulgarian agrarian national union leader nikola petkov in 1947 and the banning of the bulgarian social democratic workers party in 1948 by the late 1940s the goryani comprised mostly country folk members of the disbanded opposition hiding from the authorities former soldiers and officers former internal macedonian revolutionary organization imro activists a handful of former pro communist partisans and communists who had been associated with executed enemy with a party ticket traycho kostov large scale forced land collectivisation campaigns began in the 1950s 2 they involved mass intimidation of the peasantry including threats extrajudicial imprisonment and torture and murder 3 this brought a new upsurge of support for the goryani movement numbers and scope edit at first the goryani were poorly armed and merely hid from the authorities or agitated against them in fear of arrest by 1947 they had banded into armed chetas bulgarian чети bands in highland and mountain areas at that time the overall number of armed goryani was estimated at 2 000 in 28 chetas with another 8 000 illicit helpers supplying them with food shelter arms and intelligence by the early 1950s the ds secret police had identified some 160 chetas of which 52 were supplied from abroad or comprised hostile emigres who had infiltrated across borders the movement was strongest in southern bulgaria particularly in the localities of sliven stara zagora velingrad and the pirin kray area citation needed the movement was strongest in the pirin area in 1947 and 1948 the main cheta led by gerasim todorov controlled the larger part of the sveti vrach today sandanski county in the southwest of the area traversing as far as the mesta valley and razlog to the northeast nevrokop today gotse delchev in the south and dzhumaya gorna dzhumaya today blagoevgrad in the north in the spring of 1948 thousands of narodna militsia police and troops invaded the northern pirin imposing a two week emergency in the area gerasim todorov and his men were encircled and he killed himself on 31 march this cleared the area of goryani for a period in late 1948 borislav atanasov and other former imro fighters crossed the greek border and renewed resistance 4 one of the very few officially acknowledged incidents involving anti communist resistance involved the death in an armed skirmish of border guard vergil vaklinov on 2 july 1953 vaklinov had ambushed diversanti who were claimed to have fulfilled a task in the bulgarian interior and were about to cross the greek border illicitly the authorities elevated vaklinov into a short lived cult figure 5 by the early 1950s the goryani had a propaganda radio station radio goryanin which broadcast into bulgaria from greece in mid 1951 the radio broadcast an appeal for an insurgent army to form in the centrally located sliven area where the movement was at its strongest some 13 000 police and troops invaded the balkan mountains near sliven bulgarian leader valko chervenkov monitored events from an armoured personnel carrier in the mountain the largest cheta led by georgi stoyanov tarpana also known as benkovski after a 19th century bulgarian popular hero was encircled by 6 000 troops it fought them on 1 and 2 june managing to break the encirclement and rescue their wounded few fell prisoner to the authorities some 40 goryani were killed but the cheta commander fled along with his men stoyanov was captured by the ds secret police in late 1951 and was later tried and executed the following year his cheta continued resisting the authorities and capturing villages thus it captured and held the village of rakovo near sliven for three days in 1952 citation needed during the same period some 15 goryani parachuted into the kazanlak and ihtiman areas from training camps in yugoslavia and france in addition to highland mountain and woodland based resistance the movement was active in lowland and farming areas the dobrudzha area in the northeast of bulgaria saw strong resistance activity many villages being captured for short periods citation needed the lowland ruse area also saw goryani activity led by tsanko ivanov tsankov mecheto and tsvetana popkoeva tsena the ruse goryani took an oath formulated by todor tsanev their commander tsankov was shot dead in combat while popkoeva was tried in absentia to be captured and killed without trial in time to celebrate may day 1952 todor tsanev was captured imprisoned and sent to punishment camps for 11 years to die peacefully in 1989 6 the end of resistance edit though the bulgarian authorities brought the goryani movement under control by the mid 1950s there were isolated incidents of violence into the late 1950s and early 1960s citation needed goryani were last encountered in the sofia sewerage system in the early mid 1960s citation needed references edit дертлиев петър ден първи ден последен софия 1996 dertliev petar den parvi den posleden sofia 1996 in bulgarian нов кооперативен сборник книга 1 софия 1994 г изд балбок nov kooperativen sbornik vol 1 balbok sofia 1994 in bulgarian габриела цанева миналото в мен minaloto v men tsekva gabriela in bulgarian трета възраст бр 39 2008 г treta vazrast no 39 2008 a song for vergil vaklinov on http otkrovenia com main php action show id 168235 tsaneva op cit sources edit горяни габриела цанева миналото в мен повест в търново 1994 изд сеяч към словото българската виртуална библиотека повестта я има и в библиотеките николай илиев въоръжената антикомунистическа съпротива в про анти 2007г броеве 39 45 в трета възраст 2008г бр 39 border a journey to the edge of europe by kapka kassabova granta 379 pages 14 99 to be published in america by graywolf in september 2017 16 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title goryani oldid 1370621569 categories anti communism in bulgaria anti communist resistance movements in eastern europe insurgent groups in europe insurgencies in europe bulgaria in world war ii people s republic of bulgaria hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from january 2010 all articles needing additional references pages using sidebar with the child parameter articles containing bulgarian language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from may 2013 articles with unsourced statements from april 2010 this page was last edited on 22 august 2026 at 03 34 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the 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