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3 armed struggle and robben island 4 books 5 release and post apartheid role 6 awards and honours 7 see also 8 references 9 external links toggle the table of contents govan mbeki 18 languages afrikaans العربية مصرى català deutsch español suomi français hausa bahasa indonesia nederlands norsk bokmål sesotho sa leboa русский siswati svenska isixhosa isizulu edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia south african politician 1910 2001 this article is about the south african politician for the local municipality see govan mbeki local municipality this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources govan mbeki news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2018 learn how and when to remove this message govan mbeki under arrest in 1963 co deputy chairperson of the national council of provinces in office 1997 1999 serving with bulelani ngcuka preceded by position established succeeded by naledi pandor deputy president of the senate of south africa in office 1994 1997 preceded by position established succeeded by position renamed secretary of mk in office 1961 1963 preceded by position established succeeded by position abolished personal details born govan archibald mvunyelwa mbeki 1910 07 09 9 july 1910 mpukane location nqamakwe district union of south africa 1 died 30 august 2001 2001 08 30 aged 91 port elizabeth eastern cape republic of south africa party african national congress south african communist party spouse epainette mbeki m 1940 children linda mbeki daughter born 1941 died 2003 thabo mbeki son born 1942 moeletsi mbeki son born 1945 jama mbeki son born 1948 died 1982 parents chief skelewu mbeki father johanna mabula mother occupation anti apartheid activist govan archibald mvunyelwa mbeki 9 july 1910 30 august 2001 was a south african politician military commander communist leader who served as the secretary of umkhonto we sizwe at its inception in 1961 he was also the younger son of chief skelewu mbeki and johanna mabula and also the father of the former south african president thabo mbeki and political economist moeletsi mbeki govan mbeki was a leader of the south african communist party and the african national congress after the rivonia trial he was imprisoned 1963 1987 on charges of terrorism and treason together with nelson mandela walter sisulu raymond mhlaba ahmed kathrada and other eminent anc leaders for their role in the anc s armed wing umkhonto we sizwe mk he was sometimes mentioned by his nickname oom gov early years edit govan mbeki was born in 1910 the nqamakwe district of the transkei region and was a part of the xhosa ethnic group 2 3 growing up he attended a missionary boarding school 3 2 as a teenager mbeki worked as a newsboy and messenger in the cities and because of this he saw the poverty urban black africans lived in and the constant police raids they endured 4 he attended fort hare university completing in 1936 a bachelor of arts degree in politics and psychology and a teaching diploma 3 5 mbeki met other african struggle leaders while attending the university teacher trader and communist edit after graduating mbeki worked as a high school teacher in durban but lost his job because of his political activities 2 6 while teaching he met his wife epainette moerane 2 he was a member of the south african communist party sacp then the communist party of south africa or cpsa from the late 1930s and joined the african national congress in 1935 7 he then set up a co operative store in idutywa and began a writing career from 1938 to 1943 he was the editor of inkundla ya bantu the people s platform the only african run newspaper at the time 2 mbeki left journalism in 1944 and became a government nominated member of the transkei territorial authorities general council until 1950 his role in the cpsa sacp was clandestine at the time which helps explain why he received the nomination mbeki disparagingly referred to the council as a toy telephone you can say what you like but your words have no effect because the wires are not connected to an exchange 5 in 1948 mbeki stood as a candidate for the natives representative council but lost the election 8 when the cpsa sacp was banned in 1950 by the apartheid government mbeki remained in the african national congress anc in 1952 he was imprisoned together with raymond mhlaba and vuyisile mini for three months in rooi hel red hell or north end prison port elizabeth for disobeying apartheid laws by participating in the campaign of defiance against injustice laws defiance campaign in 1954 a tornado destroyed mbeki s store and he was dismissed from teaching again he would lose his job three times and be blacklisted from others from the 1930s onwards 9 mbeki moved to port elizabeth and joined the editorial board of new age a prominent leftist newspaper linked to underground cpsa sacp networks 5 he played a crucial role in ensuring that the pages and columns reflected the conditions demands and aspirations of black working class people particularly in the countryside 6 he also worked on the guardian new age fighting talk and liberation 7 and worked with jock harold strachan in the port elizabeth area and assisted him to produce the newsletter izwi lomzi home voice 10 11 mbeki was meanwhile actively involved in the major campaigns of the day including the revival of the african national congress in the 1940s the defiance campaign and the congress of the people armed struggle and robben island edit in 1960 the anc was banned and along with the underground sacp formed umkhonto we sizwe mk which became anc s armed wing mbeki was involved and at his urging strachan assisted mk by turning his hand to improvised explosive devices based on substances such as potassium permanganate magnesium glycerol and icing sugar 12 13 14 this was our job devices and explosives so i said for god s sake why me and they said no well you were a bomber pilot in the war you see so you must know how to make bombs i said but for christ s sake govan mbeki we didn t make our own bombs and they said but you know about those things and i said no bombs were made in bloody factories i don t know so he said anyway you re appointed we did a good job actually strachan quoted by zoe mulder 15 mbeki led an mk cell in port elizabeth in 1961 2 in september 1962 he moved to johannesburg and then to liliesleaf farm in rivonia 2 meanwhile in november 1962 the then minister of justice john vorster banned new age when the editorial board came out with its successor publication spark vorster went one step further by banning not the newspaper but its editors and writers 6 this effectively ended mbeki s role as editor and journalist in the country on 11 july 1963 he was arrested with other mk high commanders at liliesleaf farm 2 in 1964 he was an accused in the rivonia trial and sentenced to robben island while in prison he obtained an economics degree 3 books edit in 1938 mbeki published his first book transkei in the making 2 16 a supporter of the 1950 1961 pondoland peasant revolt he wrote the pioneering study of the movement south africa the peasants revolt from 1958 which was published in 1964 17 much of the book is an analysis of the political economy of the transkei rather than the revolt itself 18 he began writing the book on rolls of toilet paper and had to smuggle it out of prison 3 govan mbeki s guitar at robben island fort hare archives 2016 following the rivonia trial mbeki served a long term on robben island during which he managed to run education classes with prisoners many on marxist theory and wrote a number of significant analyses in jail which were kept on the island and used for discussions the surviving copies have since been published 19 in 1992 he published the struggle for liberation in south africa a short history and in 1996 sunset at midday latshonilangemini release and post apartheid role edit mbeki was released from custody after serving 24 years in the robben island prison in november 1987 2 3 he served in south africa s post apartheid senate from 1994 to 1997 as deputy president of the senate 3 and then the senate s successor the national council of provinces from 1997 to 1999 mbeki died in port elizabeth on 30 august 2001 he was given a state funeral during his son thabo mbeki s presidency on 8 september 2001 20 govan mbeki s remains were the subject of controversy in 2006 when plans were made to exhume them together with raymond mhlaba s remains and place them in a museum these plans were called off after both mhlaba and mbeki s family refused the request 21 awards and honours edit mbeki received an honorary doctorate in the social sciences from the university of amsterdam in 1978 3 22 his son moeletsi attended the ceremony as mbeki was imprisoned at robben island 22 honorary doctorate amsterdam 1978 on 26 june 1980 the secretary general of the then illegal african national congress alfred nzo announced the conferring of the isitwalandwe medal the anc s highest honour on mbeki however he was not present to receive the award because he was serving a life imprisonment sentence on robben island mbeki received international recognition for his political achievements including the renaming at mandela s suggestion of the recently opened health building at glasgow caledonian university 23 24 the govan mbeki health building was inaugurated in 2001 at a ceremony featuring his son thabo 24 the govan mbeki local municipality in mpumulanga is named in his honour order for meritorious service in gold 2003 in 2004 he was voted 97th in the sabc 3 s great south africans in 2013 a large section of road between swartklip and baden powell road running between the neighborhoods of browns farm gugulethu nyanga and crossroads in cape town was renamed govan mbeki road 25 part of a series on apartheid events 1948 general election coloured vote constitutional crisis 1956 treason trial sharpeville massacre rivonia trial 1971 72 namibian contract workers strike soweto uprising church street pretoria bombing vaal uprising trojan horse incident khotso house bombing cape town peace march codesa assassination of chris hani saint james church massacre 1994 bophuthatswana crisis shell house massacre organisations anc apla ifp awb bbb black sash ccb conservative party dp ecc fosatu pp rp pfp hnp herenigde hnp herstigte mk pac udf broederbond national party cosatu security branch sacc sadf saic sama sap sacp state security council people vernon berrangé p w botha steve biko mangosuthu buthelezi f w de klerk ruth first bram fischer arthur goldreich chris hani bantu holomisa joel joffe ahmed kathrada albert luthuli winnie madikizela mandela mac maharaj d f malan nelson mandela govan mbeki thabo mbeki raymond mhlaba benjamin moloise albertina sisulu walter sisulu j g strijdom joe slovo robert sobukwe helen suzman adelaide tambo oliver tambo eugène terre blanche desmond tutu h f verwoerd b j vorster jacob zuma places bantustan district six robben island sophiatown south west africa soweto sun city vlakplaas related topics afrikaner nationalism apartheid in popular culture apartheid legislation cape qualified franchise disinvestment campaign freedom charter internal resistance to apartheid kairos document music in the movement against apartheid nostalgia for apartheid project coast sullivan principles category v t e see also edit prisons in south africa maximum security prison robben island references edit notes citations govan archibald mbeki the o malley archives retrieved 19 december 2013 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 bundy colin govan mbeki was a brilliant pioneer of african marxism jacobin retrieved 2 december 2025 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 govan mbeki the washington post 31 august 2001 issn 0190 8286 retrieved 2 december 2025 govan mbeki s house mnquma local municipality retrieved 13 june 2026 1 2 3 james barron 6 november 1987 a chronicler of revolt defiant behind bars the new york times retrieved 3 december 2018 1 2 3 biography of govan mbeki sacp website archived from the original on 14 july 2014 retrieved 17 september 2015 1 2 colin bundy 2012 govan mbeki johannesburg jacana p 147 mia roth 20 january 2016 the communist party in south africa racism eurocentricity and moscow 1921 1950 partridge africa isbn 978 1 4828 0964 0 bundy colin 2012 govan mbeki johannesburg jacana p 149 isbn 978 1431404872 harold strachan sunday times 10 may 1998 retrieved 29 october 2017 bundy colin 2013 govan mbeki ohio university press p 101 isbn 9780821444597 south african democracy education trust 2004 the road to democracy in south africa 1960 1970 zebra pp 121 123 isbn 9781868729067 bundy colin 2013 govan mbeki ohio university press p 111 isbn 9780821444597 cherry janet 2012 spear of the nation umkhonto wesizwe south africa s liberation army 1960s 1990s ohio university press pp 20 21 isbn 9780821444436 molver zoe 5 march 2007 harold strachan bram s bow maker literarytourism co za retrieved 30 october 2017 bundy colin 2012 govan mbeki johannesburg jacana p 161 mbeki govan 1964 south africa the peasants revolt harmondsworth penguin books bundy colin 2012 govan mbeki johannesburg jacana p 93 mbeki govan 2015 learning from robben island the prison writings of govan mbeki cape town kwela books govan mbeki south african history online www sahistory org za retrieved 30 may 2020 helga van staaden 23 january 2006 govan mbeki reburial called off news24 com archived from the original on 30 september 2007 1 2 folia civitatis vol 31 no 18 24 december 1977 have you heard from johannesburg www clarityfilms org archived from the original on 22 august 2025 retrieved 30 may 2020 1 2 kasuka bridgette 7 february 2012 independence leaders of africa bankole kamara taylor isbn 978 1 4700 4175 5 barnes clayton six streets in cape town renamed www iol co za retrieved 7 april 2021 external links edit govan mbeki archive at marxists org authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data italy netherlands sweden israel other idref open library snac yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title govan_mbeki oldid 1373463824 categories 1910 births 2001 deaths african national congress politicians inmates of robben island mbeki family members of the african national congress members of the national council of provinces members of the senate of south africa members of the south african communist party parents of heads of state people from mnquma local municipality prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by s...