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gt2 class from 2005 to 2010 also known as gtlm in the united states fia gt3 european championship 2006 2012 a european amateur racing series for group gt3 cars fia r gt as part of its structure the group r regulations have a provision for gt cars known as r gt there have also been several classes of racing cars called gt the group gt3 regulations for modified road cars have been used for various racing series worldwide since 2006 the group gt1 regulations were used for the fastest category of sports car racing from 1994 to 2001 porsche 911 gt3 ford gt1 lexus sc430 gt500 aston martin dbr9 gt1 saab 93 lemans spec examples of grand tourers edit main page category grand tourers the inclusion of grand tourer gran turismo gt or similar in the model name does not necessarily mean that the car is a grand tourer since several manufacturers have used the terms for the marketing of cars that are not grand tourers evolution of the gran turismo car edit grand touring car design evolved from vintage and pre world war ii fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars 2 italy developed the first gran turismo cars the small light weight and aerodynamic coupés named the berlinetta originated in the 1930s a contemporary french concept known as grande routière emphasised style elegance luxury and gentlemanly transcontinental touring the grande routières were often larger cars than the italian gran turismos 30 italian designers saw that compared to traditional open two seat sports car the increase in weight and frontal area of an enclosed cabin for the driver and mechanic could be offset by the benefits of streamlining to reduce drag 31 independent carrozzeria coachbuilders provided light and flexible fabric coachwork for powerful short wheelbase fast touring chassis by manufacturers such as alfa romeo later carrozzeria touring of milan pioneered sophisticated superleggera super light weight aluminum bodywork allowing for even more aerodynamic forms 32 the additional comfort of an enclosed cabin was beneficial for the mille miglia road race held in italy s often wintry north 33 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gt edit the first car to be named gran turismo was the 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gran turismo a sporting dual purpose road race chassis and engine specification that was available with a wide variety of body styles or carrozzeria the influential weymann fabric bodied berlinetta version by carrozzeria touring an early example of what we generally perceive to be a gt car 34 was winner of the vetture chiuse category at the 1931 mille miglia 35 an improved and supercharged version the 6c 1750 gtc gran turismo compressore 34 won the vetture a guida interna category of the 1932 mille miglia 36 the alfa romeo 6c 1750 was designed by vittorio jano 37 who would later be instrumental in the design of the 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt 38 1935 fiat 508 balilla s berlinetta edit from the basic fiat 508 balilla touring chassis came the siata 39 and fiat 40 aerodynamic gran turismo style berlinetta mille miglias of 1933 and 1935 41 siata was a turin italy based fiat tuner typical of a popular class of italian artisan manufacturers of small gran turismo sports and racing cars usually fiat based that came to be known in the 1970s as etceterini such as nardi abarth ermini and in 1946 cisitalia 42 the fiat and siata berlinettas influenced by the successful alfa romeo 6c gt gtc coupés competed in the mille miglia endurance race and were significant among weymann and superleggera enclosed sporting cars appearing in the 1930s they featured tuned fiat engine and chassis and bespoke carrozzeria in common with the landmark post war cisitalia 202 sc and are among the first small displacement gran turismos 33 41 43 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gtc berlinetta carrozzeriacc touring mille miglia 1932 fiat 508 balilla s berlinetta mille miglia 1935 1947 cisitalia 202 sc edit the first recognised motor race specifically for gran turismo cars was the 1949 coppa inter europa held at monza it was initially hoped by italian motor industry observers citation needed that the small and struggling italian sports and racing car manufacturer cisitalia would find in the 1949 coppa inter europa regulations initially called turismo veloce 44 or fast touring a category for its cisitalia tipo 202 sc the road going production coupé version of cisitalia s single seat d46 racing car and two seat 202 open sports car however the fiat based 1100 cc four cylinder cisitalia was no match on the race track for ferrari s new hand built 2000 cc v12 and ferrari dominated taking the first three places 45 an 1100 cc class was hurriedly created but not in time to save cisitalia s business fortunes the company s bankrupt owner piero dusio had already decamped to argentina citation needed the cisitalia 202 sc gained considerable fame for the outstanding design of its pinin farina coachwork and is credited with greatly influencing the style of subsequent berlinetta or fastback gran turismo coupés a cisitalia 202 gt is exhibited at the museum of modern art in new york city 46 1947 maserati a6 1500 edit the maserati a6 1500 won the 1500 cc class at the 1949 coppa europa it was driven by franco bordoni former fighter ace of the regia aeronautica who had debuted as a pilota da corsa at the 1949 mille miglia 45 47 the a6 1500 was the first road going production car to be offered by the maserati factory featuring a tubular chassis with independent front suspension and coil springs the 1500 cc six cylinder being derived from the maserati brothers pre war voiturette racing engines the body of the a6 1500 was an elegant two door fast back coupé body also by pinin farina 48 cisitalia tipo 202 sc coupé carrozzeria pinin farina 1947 maserati a6 1500 coupé carrozzeria pinin farina 1947 1949 ferrari 166 inter edit enzo ferrari whose scuderia ferrari had been the racing division of alfa romeo from 1929 until 1938 parted ways from alfa romeo in 1939 enzo ferrari s first car itself an etceterini the fiat based auto avio costruzioni 815 racing sports car debuted at the 1940 mille miglia two were produced 49 the first car constructed in ferrari s name the v12 125 s also a racing sports car debuted in 1947 at the piacenza racing circuit 50 again only two were produced but they rapidly evolved into the 159 and 166 models including the 1949 ferrari 166 inter a road going berlinetta coupé with coachwork by carrozzeria touring and other coachbuilders 51 52 the ferrari 166 inter s coupé model won the 1949 coppa inter europa motor race regulations stipulated body form and dimensions but did not at this time specify a minimum production quantity citation needed the car was driven by bruno sterzi and is recognised as the first ferrari gran turismo 52 after that race the national governing body of italian motorsport csai commissione sportiva automobilistica italiana officially introduced a new class called gran turismo internazionale for cars with production over thirty units per year 53 thereby ruling out ferrari s hand built berlinettas 1951 ferrari 212 export edit ferrari s response for the new italian gran turismo internazionale championship in 1951 was the road race ferrari 212 twenty seven short wheelbase competition versions called export some with increasingly popular gran turismo style berlinetta coupé coachwork were produced for enthusiasts ferrari called the first example 212 mm 54 55 while the road version was called inter the ferrari 212 export featured long range fuel tanks high compression pistons and triple weber 32 dcf carburettors power was 170 bhp from the 2600cc gioacchino colombo designed short block v12 engine evolved from the earlier ferrari 166 2000cc and 195 2300cc 56 all versions came with the standard ferrari five speed non synchromesh gearbox and hydraulic drum brakes 57 all 1951 ferraris shared a double tube frame chassis design evolved from the 166 double wishbone front suspension with transverse leaf spring and live rear axle with semi elliptic leaf springs and radius rods were employed 58 the ferrari 212 export 212 mm gran turismo berlinetta chassis no 0070m debuted in first place overall at the april 1951 coppa inter europa driven by luigi villoresi 59 60 and in june chassis no 0092e was first in the gran turismo category at the coppa della toscana driven by milanese ferrari concessionaire and proprietor of scuderia guastalla franco cornacchia 61 62 63 64 the 212 export continued to serve ferrari well in the sports and gt categories until replaced by the 225 s and although it would later be overshadowed by the internationally famous 250 gt the 212 export was an important model in the successful line of colombo engined v12 gt cars that made ferrari legendary 65 ferrari 166 inter coupé carrozzeria touring 1949 etceterini ermini 1100 berlinetta motto 1950 ferrari 212 export vignale coupé 1951 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt edit 1951 was the debut of lancia s aurelia b20 gt 66 lancia had begun production in 1950 of their technically advanced aurelia saloon the design had been overseen by vittorio jano 38 at the 1951 turin motor show the pinin farina bodied gran turismo b20 coupé version was unveiled to an enthusiastic motoring public here finally according to historians jonathan wood 4 and sam dawson 3 was a fully realised production gt car representing the starting point of the definitive grand tourer this outwardly conventional saloon bristled with innovation and ingenuity in which the masterly hand of vittorio jano is apparent in the b20 are elements of the cistalia of 1947 coupés which pinin undertook on a 6c alfa romeo and maserati in 1948 along with the fiat 1100 s coupé with its rear accommodation for children the original aurelia had been under powered and in 1951 the v6 was enlarged to 1991 cc which was also extended to the coupé though in 75 rather than 70 bhp form as the b20 was developed as a sporting model in its own right in addition the b20 had a shorter wheelbase and a higher rear axle ratio making it a 100 mph car lancia chose the gran turismo name for its new model and the suggestion could only have come from vittorio jano himself for had he not been responsible for the original 1750 alfa romeo of the same name back in 1929 4 four semi ufficiali works b20 gts together with a number of privateer entrants were sent to the mille miglia in april 1951 where the factory bracco maglioli car finished second overall behind only a ferrari sports racer of twice the engine capacity lancia aurelias swept the gt 2 0 litre division 67 in june 1951 bracco was partnered with the father of gt racing himself johnny lurani to race a b20 gt at le mans where they were victorious in the 2 0 litre sportscar division placing 12th overall a 1 2 finish at the famous coppa d oro delle dolomiti 68 among other victories including the 6 ore di pescara 69 rounded out the debut racing season for this car winning its division in the italian gt championship for umberto castiglioni in 1951 lancia b20 gts would go on to win the over 2 0 litre italian gt championship in 1953 1954 and 1955 with the b20 2500 lancia aurelia b20 in the 1951 mille miglia 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt 1952 fiat 8v otto vu zagato edit a surprise to the international press 70 who were not expecting a gran turismo berlinetta from italy s largest manufacturer of everyday standard touring models the fiat 8v otto vu was unveiled at the geneva salon in march 1952 to international acclaim although not raced by the factory the otto vu was raced by a number of private owners vincenzo auricchio and piero bozzinio raced to fifth in the gran turismo category of the 1952 mille miglia and ovidio capelli placed third in the gt 2000 cc class at the coppa della toscana in june with a special race spec lightweight zagato coupe the gt category overall at this event was won by franco cornacchia s ferrari 212 export refer above 71 capelli and the 8v zagato topped this accomplishment by winning the gt category of the pescara 12 hours in august ahead of two lancias 72 the new fiat 8v garnered sufficient competition points over the season to become the national two litre gt champion a feat it repeated every year until 1959 elio zagato the coachbuilder s son 73 was successful in competition with the otto vu in 1954 and 1955 74 attracting further customer interest and leading zagato to eventually develop two different gt racing versions 70 upon his death in 2009 elio zagato was described as a leading figure of italian gt racing and design elio zagato who has died aged 88 was one of the leading figures of italian gran turismo gt racing and car body design in the 1950s driving a zagato bodied fiat 8v elio emerged as the consummate gentleman racer in italian gt championship events zagato his father s firm provided the lithe lightweight aluminium bodies for many of the lancias alfa romeos abarths and maseratis that dominated these meetings elio won 82 races out of the 150 he entered and won four of the five championships he entered working with the chief stylist ercole spada zagato produced some of the most beautiful gt designs of the era spare and muscular cars such as the aston martin db4gtz the alfa romeo junior tz and sz and the lancia flaminia sport these were minimalist shapes bereft of superfluous trim that introduced phrases such as double bubble roof to the car body design language twin shallow domes devised by elio to give extra head room and strengthen the roof for lightness zagato pioneered the use of perspex and of aerodynamics with trademark forms such as the split or stub tail indeed elio would take prototypes out on the autostrada covered in wool tufts in order to test air flow over the body 75 the 8v otto vu is named after its v8 engine since ford had already trademarked v8 fiat 8v zagato 1954 mercedes benz 300sl edit the german automotive industry was devastated by the second world war but in the post war period a small number of firms brought it to prominence again 76 the emergence of the classic porsche 356 is covered in the accompanying sports car article in 1957 author john stanford wrote 77 78 the post war mercedes sports cars are in a way even more remarkable than those of porsche the firm was particularly badly hit by the war and it was several years before anything but a nominal production of cars could be undertaken in 1951 appeared the 300 a luxurious and fast touring car with a single camshaft six cylinder engine of 2996 c c and chassis derived from the pre war cars with swing axle rear suspension the 300s was a three carburetor edition but in 1952 great interest was aroused by the almost invincible performance in sports car racing of a team of prototype cars of extremely advanced and interesting design by 1954 these had undergone sufficient development to be placed on the market as the 300sl one of the costliest and most desirable cars of our time the conventional chassis has been abandoned in favor of a complex structure of welded...