Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

granite, dome, contents, sheet, fractures, other, theories, of, origin, see, also, references, external, links,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (42), #granite (26), and (18), rock (14), fractures (12), united (11), states (11), are (10), this (9), edit (9), sheet (9), park (9), that (9), dome (8), national (8), mountain (8), surface (8), wikipedia (7), domes (7), california (6), page (5), from (5), form (5), earth (5), contents (4), search (4), commons (4), with (4), related (4), links (4), bornhardts (4), other (4), yosemite (4), granitic (4), exposed (4), pressure (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), under (3), wikimedia (3), wikidata (3), has (3), twidale (3), australia (3), formation (3), hypothesis (3), but (3), exfoliation (3), what (3), they (3), scarp (3), slope (3), theories (3), origin (3), domical (3), these (3), tools (3), main (3), languages (2), toggle (2), table (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), additional (2), terms (2), may (2), was (2), category (2), link (2), short (2), description (2), external (2), pdf (2), fracture (2), patterns (2), stress (2), forms (2), some (2), geomorphology (2), isbn (2), landforms (2), references (2), georgia (2), stone (2), canada (2), looking (2), china (2), range (2), state (2), brazil (2), rio (2), janeiro (2), see (2), also (2), case (2), joints (2), recession (2), moisture (2), high (2), below (2), weathered (2), eroded (2), sets (2), parallel (2), upward (2), there (2), for (2), most (2), result (2), conditions (2), land (2), hills (2), composed (2), bare (2), known (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), history (2), read (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, apply, using, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, non, profit, organization, foundation, inc, use, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, december, 2025, utc, hidden, categories, different, articles, retrieved, https, org, index, php, title, granite_dome, oldid, 1330108899, cairngorms, media, associated, vidal, romanı́, 1999, engineering, implications, 1016, s0169, 555x, 00070, doi, 1999geomo, 13v, bibcode, bierman, paul, 2014, new, york, freeman, company, publishers, 978, 4292, 3860, key, concepts, 2012, elsevier, 9780444597649, british, columbia, stawamus, chief, transylvania, county, north, carolina, glass, southern, anhui, huangshan, half, belt, fresno, protected, area, central, texas, enchanted, spalling, superficial, layers, due, temperature, cycles, exfoliating, vertical, capitan, home, christ, redeemer, corcovado, bald, liberty, cap, sugarloaf, one, uplifted, blocks, controls, steep, slopes, another, theory, regards, isolated, remain, after, long, distance, weathering, causes, desiccated, landscape, dry, remains, stable, acts, caprock, more, easily, because, been, ultimately, leads, steepening, collapse, higher, elements, well, maintenance, scarps, essentially, constant, inclination, morphology, during, backwearing, arcuate, defining, slabs, meters, thick, normally, convex, concave, several, possible, explanations, popular, expansion, tangential, fracturing, consequent, erosional, offloading, evidence, supports, when, have, deep, crust, ambient, lithostatic, order, considerable, thickness, must, unloading, allows, expand, radially, tangentially, indicates, shape, pre, existing, determines, geometry, radial, release, over, generally, features, such, can, any, type, plutonic, typically, cool, kilometers, minerals, crystallize, uniform, confining, brings, closer, above, decreases, onionlike, sheets, peel, off, certain, develop, structures, involve, retreat, tectonic, uplift, erosion, plutons, gneiss, mount, bulka, monolith, kazakhstan, bayanaul, rounded, formed, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, permanent, here, general, actions, english, talk, українська, nederlands, bahasa, indonesia, español, top, personal, special, pages, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
granite dome wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 sheet fractures 2 other theories of origin 3 see also 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents granite dome 4 languages español bahasa indonesia nederlands українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia rounded hills of bare granite formed by exfoliation mount bulka a granite monolith in bayanaul national park kazakhstan granite domes are domical hills composed of granite with bare rock exposed over most of the surface generally domical features such as these are known as bornhardts bornhardts can form in any type of plutonic rock but are typically composed of granite and granitic gneiss 1 as granitic plutons cool kilometers below the earth s surface minerals in the rock crystallize under uniform confining pressure erosion brings the rock closer to earth s surface and the pressure from above the rock decreases as a result the rock fractures these fractures are known as exfoliation joints or sheet fractures and form in onionlike patterns that are parallel to the land surface these sheets of rock peel off the exposed surface and in certain conditions develop domical structures 2 additional theories on the origin of granite domes involve scarp retreat and tectonic uplift sheet fractures edit sheet fractures are arcuate fractures defining slabs of rock that range from 0 5 to 10 meters thick they normally form in sets parallel to the earth s surface but may form in convex upward or concave upward sets there are several possible explanations for the formation of sheet fractures the most popular hypothesis is that they are the result of expansion and tangential fracturing consequent on erosional offloading or pressure release there is evidence that supports this hypothesis when looking at granitic landforms that have sheet fractures granite forms deep in the earth s crust under conditions of high ambient or lithostatic pressure in order for the granite to be exposed at the earth s surface a considerable thickness of rock must be eroded this unloading allows the granite to expand radially and sheet fractures form tangentially to the radial stress this indicates that the shape of the pre existing land surface determines the geometry of the sheet fractures 3 other theories of origin edit one hypothesis is that granite domes are uplifted blocks this is the case with some granite domes but the fracture related exfoliation joints are what controls the steep slopes another theory that regards isolated bornhardts is that they remain after long distance scarp recession moisture related weathering is what causes scarp recession in the case of granite in a desiccated landscape the dry granite high on a slope remains stable and acts as caprock granite below this is more easily weathered and eroded because it has been exposed to moisture and has weathered this ultimately leads to the steepening of the slope and the collapse of higher slope elements as well as the maintenance of scarps of essentially constant inclination and morphology during backwearing 4 sugarloaf mountain in rio de janeiro brazil liberty cap in yosemite national park california united states stone mountain in the u s state of georgia see also edit bald rock national park national park in australia australia corcovado mountain in rio de janeiro home to christ the redeemer brazil el capitan vertical rock formation in yosemite national park california us united states exfoliating granite granite spalling in superficial layers due to temperature cycles enchanted rock rock formation and protected area in central texas united states fresno dome granite dome in the state of california united states granite belt australia granite dome california us half dome granitic dome in yosemite national park california united states huangshan mountain range in southern anhui china china looking glass rock mountain in transylvania county north carolina united states united states stawamus chief mountain in british columbia canada canada stone mountain mountain and park in georgia united states united states yosemite national park national park in california united states united states references edit twidale c r 2012 12 02 granite landforms elsevier isbn 9780444597649 bierman paul r 2014 key concepts in geomorphology new york ny w h freeman and company publishers pp 81 82 isbn 978 1 4292 3860 1 vidal romanı́ j r twidale c r 1999 12 01 sheet fractures other stress forms and some engineering implications geomorphology 31 1 4 13 27 bibcode 1999geomo 31 13v doi 10 1016 s0169 555x 99 00070 7 twidale c r bornhardts and associated fracture patterns pdf external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to granite domes granite domes of the cairngorms retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title granite_dome oldid 1330108899 category granite domes hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata commons category link is on wikidata this page was last edited on 29 december 2025 at 14 21 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents granite dome 4 languages add topic