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menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 first great awakening 2 second great awakening 3 third great awakening 4 fourth great awakening 5 terminology 6 see also 7 references toggle references subsection 7 1 bibliography 8 further reading toggle the table of contents great awakening 26 languages afrikaans العربية čeština deutsch euskara فارسی suomi français frysk עברית magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 lietuvių malagasy polski português русский simple english türkçe українська اردو tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia this article is about the christian revivals for the album see the great awakening album for the 1941 film see the great awakening film for the 2026 film see a great awakening christian revivals in american history great awakenings in america first c 1730 1755 second c 1790 1840 third c 1855 1930 fourth c 1950 1980 disputed v t e part of a series on protestantism outline concepts anti protestantism bible criticism culture demographics ecclesiology liturgy relations with catholics theologies five solas history proto protestantism bohemian reformation reformation magisterial radical counter martin luther ninety five theses augsburg confession huldrych zwingli john calvin arminianism crypto protestantism nonconformists dissenters puritans john wesley pietism great awakenings in america revival meetings branches proto protestants hussites waldensians lutherans reformed continental presbyterians congregational anglicans continuing anabaptists amish hutterites mennonites quakers baptists black church methodists radical pietism shakers stone campbell plymouth brethren pentecostals adventist irvings holiness keswickians eastern protestant united and uniting churches nondenominational movements augsburg catholics charismatics neo charismatics confessionalism confessing movement convergence church growth ecumenism emerging church evangelicalism fundamentalism high church liberalism mainlines neo charismatics neo orthodoxy new calvinism paleo orthodoxy progressivism spiritual christianity christianity portal v t e watercolor representing the second great awakening in 1839 the great awakening was a series of religious revivals in american christian history historians and theologians identify three or sometimes four waves of increased religious enthusiasm between the early 18th century and the late 20th century each of these great awakenings was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical protestant ministers a sharp increase of interest in religion a profound sense of conviction and redemption on the part of those affected an increase in evangelical church comradeship and the formation of new religious movements and denominations george whitefield jonathan edwards gilbert tennent and the new lights and the old lights highly influenced the first great awakening 1 2 3 the first great awakening in the american colonies is closely related to the evangelical revival in the british isles 4 pulling away from ritual and ceremony the great awakening made religion more personal by fostering a sense of spiritual conviction of personal sin and need for redemption by repenting from sin and making a commitment to jesus christ heaven is given as a gift of grace this original context of what jesus is was what reinvigorated in the hearts of the people it incited rancor and division between traditionalists who insisted on the continuing importance of ritual and doctrine and revivalists who encouraged emotional involvement and personal commitment it had a major impact in reshaping the congregational church the presbyterian church the dutch reformed church and the german reformed denomination and strengthened the small baptist and methodist denominations it had less impact on anglicans and quakers unlike the second great awakening which began about 1800 and reached out to the unchurched the first great awakening focused on those who were already church members it changed their rituals their piety and their self awareness 5 first great awakening edit main article first great awakening part of a series on the history of christian theology background christian theology diversity in early christian theology adoptionism arianism docetism gnosticism marcionism montanism early christianity proto orthodox christianity timeline history of christianity template history of christianity ecclesiastical polity trinitarianism nontrinitarianism christology paterology pneumatology mariology biblical canon deuterocanon hermeneutics theological hermeneutics african american asian american philosophical theology christian philosophy christian apologetics persecution and tolerance historical theology history of catholic theology ecumenical creeds apostles nicene chalcedonian athanasian patristics and councils great church ante nicene period church fathers apostolic fathers cappadocian fathers desert fathers desert mothers augustine nicaea ephesus chalcedon post nicene development heresy monophysitism monothelitism byzantine iconoclasm gregory i alcuin photios east west schism scholasticism aquinas anselm palamas reformation martin luther theology 95 theses john calvin radical evangelicalism theology five solae book of concord arminianism english counter trent jansenism from the reformation to the world wars natural onto practical pietism john wesley great awakenings holiness movement restoration movement dispensationalism covenant theology existentialism dogmatics fundamental foundational liberal catholic anglo catholic critical realism political since the world wars vatican ii of religions situational ethics nouvelle théologie ressourcement death of god postliberal narrative continental philosophy radical orthodoxy neo orthodoxy reconciliation analytic in thomism theopoetics ecumenism digital systematic biblical constructive eco environmental public contextualisation and inculturation indigenous church mission theory sino christian feminism in feminist theology asian womanist new queer liberation black dalit latin american minjung palestinian postcolonial christianity portal v t e the first great awakening began in the 1730s and lasted to about 1740 though pockets of revivalism had occurred in years prior especially amongst the ministry of solomon stoddard jonathan edwards s grandfather 6 edwards s congregation was involved in a revival later called the frontier revivals in the mid 1730s though this was on the wane by 1737 7 but as american religious historian sydney e ahlstrom noted the great awakening was still to come ushered in by the grand itinerant 7 the british evangelist george whitefield whitefield arrived in georgia in 1738 and returned in 1739 for a second visit of the colonies making a triumphant campaign north from philadelphia to new york and back to the south 7 in 1740 he visited new england and at every place he visited the consequences were large and tumultuous ministers from various evangelical protestant denominations supported the great awakening 8 in the middle colonies he influenced not only the british churches but the dutch and german additionally pastoral styles began to change in the late colonial period most pastors read their sermons which were theologically dense and advanced a particular theological argument or interpretation nathan o hatch argues that the evangelical movement of the 1740s played a key role in the development of democratic thought 9 disputed discuss as well as the belief of the free press and the belief that information should be shared and completely unbiased and uncontrolled 10 michał choiński argues that the first great awakening marks the birth of the american rhetoric of the revival understood as a particular mode of preaching in which the speaker employs and it has a really wide array of patterns and communicative strategies to initiate religious conversions and spiritual regeneration among the hearers 11 all these theological social and rhetorical notions ushered in the period of the american revolution this contributed to create a demand for religious freedom 12 the great awakening represented the first time african americans embraced christianity in large numbers 13 in the later part of the 1700s the revival came to the english colonies of nova scotia new brunswick and prince edward island primarily through the efforts of henry alline and his new light movement 14 second great awakening edit main article second great awakening the second great awakening sometimes known simply as the great awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the united states beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century while it occurred in all parts of the united states it was especially strong in the northeast and the midwest 15 this awakening was unique in that it moved beyond the educated elite of new england to those who were less wealthy and less educated the center of revivalism was the so called burned over district in western new york named for its overabundance of hellfire and damnation preaching the region produced dozens of new denominations communal societies and reform 16 among these dozens of new denominations were free black churches run independently of existing congregations that were predominantly of white attendance during the period between the american revolution and the 1850s black involvement in largely white churches declined in great numbers with participation becoming almost non existent by the 1840s 1850s some scholars argue that this was largely due to racial discrimination within the church 17 this discrimination came in the form of segregated seating and the forbiddance of african americans from voting in church matters or holding leadership positions in many white churches 17 reverend richard allen a central founder of the african methodist episcopal church was quoted describing one such incident of racial discrimination in a predominantly white church in philadelphia in which fellow preacher and a former slave from delaware absalom jones was grabbed by a white church trustee in the midst of prayer and forcefully told to leave 18 closely related to the second great awakening were other reform movements such as temperance abolition and women s rights the temperance movement encouraged people to abstain from consuming alcoholic drinks in order to preserve family order the abolition movement fought to abolish slavery in the united states the women s rights movement grew from female abolitionists who realized that they could fight for their own political rights too in addition to these causes reforms touched nearly every aspect of daily life such as restricting the use of tobacco and dietary and dress reforms the abolition movement emerged in the north from the wider second great awakening 1800 1840 19 third great awakening edit main article third great awakening the third great awakening in the 1850s 1900s was characterized by new denominations active missionary work chautauquas and the social gospel approach to social issues 5 the ymca founded in 1844 played a major role in fostering revivals in the cities in the 1858 awakening and after the revival of 1858 produced leaders such as dwight l moody who carried out religious work in the civil war armies the christian and sanitary commissions and numerous freedmen s societies were also formed during the war 20 fourth great awakening edit main article fourth great awakening the fourth great awakening is a debated concept that has not received the acceptance of the first three advocates such as economist robert fogel say it happened in the late 1960s and early 1970s 21 the jesus movement is cited as evidence of this awakening and it created a shift in church music styles mainline protestant denominations weakened sharply in both membership and influence while the most conservative religious denominations such as the southern baptists grew rapidly in numbers spread across the united states had grave internal theological battles and schisms and became politically powerful 22 terminology edit the idea of an awakening implies a slumber or passivity during secular or less religious times awakening is a term which originates from and is embraced often and primarily by evangelical christians 23 in recent times the idea of awakenings in united states history has been put forth by conservative american evangelicals 24 in the late 2010s and 2020s the term great awakening has been used by promoters of the qanon conspiracy theory to denote awareness of their theory 25 26 27 28 see also edit great disappointment reformed christianity portal evangelical christianity portal religion portal references edit george whitefield the great awakening spiritual revival in colonial america retrieved november 16 2017 gilbert tennent the great awakening spiritual revival in colonial america retrieved november 16 2017 new light schism www mb soft com retrieved november 16 2017 ditchfield g m august 31 2005 the international dimension the evangelical revival routledge pp 9 23 isbn 978 1 135 36478 6 1 2 ahlstrom 1972 curtis 1991 p 135 1 2 3 ahlstrom 1972 p 283 kidd 2007 hatch 1989 copeland 2006 p 173 choiński 2016 p 51 corbett corbett hemeyer wilson 2014 pp 37 38 chacon scoggins 2014 pp 36 37 stewart 1982 ahlstrom 1972 pp 415 454 cross 1950 1 2 boles richard j 2013 documents relating to african american experiences of white congregational churches in massachusetts 1773 1832 the new england quarterly 86 2 310 323 doi 10 1162 tneq_a_00280 jstor 43284993 image 6 of the episcopal church and the colored people a statement of facts library of congress retrieved december 17 2018 mcloughlin 1978 long 1998 fogel 2000 p 10 marty 1996 pp 434 455 lambert 1999 baker peter september 13 2006 bush tells group he sees a third awakening the washington post retrieved november 13 2017 berghel hal july 2022 prosperity theology goes online will this be a fifth great awakening computer 55 7 104 110 doi 10 1109 mc 2022 3170217 issn 1558 0814 mclaughlin melissa august 1 2021 great awakening 2020 the neoliberal wellness journey down the rabbit hole electronic theses projects and dissertations chandler kylar j 2020 where we go 1 we go all a public discourse analysis of qanon mcnair scholars research journal 13 1 robertson david g amarasingam amarnath...