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Text of the page (random words):
http referer wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 etymology 2 details 3 referrer hiding 4 references 5 external links toggle the table of contents http referer 16 languages čeština deutsch español français עברית magyar italiano 日本語 한국어 latviešu polski português русский српски srpski tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia http header field http persistence compression https quic request methods options get head post put delete trace connect patch query header fields cookie etag location http referer dnt x forwarded for upgrade response status codes 301 moved permanently 302 found 303 see other 403 forbidden 404 not found 451 unavailable for legal reasons security access control methods basic access authentication digest access authentication security vulnerabilities http header injection http request smuggling http response splitting http parameter pollution v t e in http referer a misspelling of referrer 1 is an optional http header field that identifies the address of the web page i e the uri or iri from which the resource has been requested by checking the referrer the server providing the new web page can see where the request originated in the most common situation this means that when a user clicks a hyperlink in a web browser causing the browser to send a request to the server holding the destination web page the request may include the referer field which indicates the last page the user was on the one where they clicked the link web sites and web servers log the content of the received referer field to identify the web page from which the user followed a link for promotional or statistical purposes citation needed this entails a loss of privacy for the user and may introduce a security risk 2 to mitigate security risks browsers have been steadily reducing the amount of information sent in referer as of march 2021 by default chrome 3 chromium based edge firefox 4 safari 5 default to sending only the origin in cross origin requests stripping out everything but the domain name etymology edit the misspelling of referrer was introduced in the original proposal by computer scientist phillip hallam baker to incorporate the referer header field into the http specification 6 7 the misspelling was set in stone by the time may 1996 of its incorporation into the request for comments standards document rfc 1945 8 which reflects common usage of the protocol referred to as http 1 0 at that time document co author roy fielding remarked in march 1995 that neither one referer or referrer is understood by the standard unix spell checker of the period 9 referer has since become a widely used spelling in the industry when discussing http referrers usage of the misspelling is not universal though as the correct spelling referrer is used in some web specifications such as the referrer policy http header or the document object model 2 details edit when visiting a web page the referrer or referring page is the url of the previous web page from which a link was followed more generally a referrer is the url of a previous item which led to this request for example the referrer for an image is generally the html page on which it is to be displayed the referrer field is an optional part of the http request sent by the web browser to the web server 10 many websites log referrers as part of their attempt to track their users most web log analysis software can process this information because referrer information can violate privacy some web browsers allow the user to disable the sending of referrer information 11 some proxy and firewall software will also filter out referrer information to avoid leaking the location of non public websites this can in turn cause problems some web servers block parts of their website to web browsers that do not send the right referrer information in an attempt to prevent deep linking or unauthorised use of images bandwidth theft some proxy software has the ability to give the top level address of the target website as the referrer which reduces these problems but can still in some cases divulge the user s last visited web page many blogs publish referrer information in order to link back to people who are linking to them and hence broaden the conversation this has led in turn to the rise of referrer spam the sending of fake referrer information in order to popularize the spammer s website it is possible to access the referrer information on the client side using document referrer in javascript 12 this can be used for example to individualize a web page based on a user s search engine query however the referrer field does not always include search keywords such as when using google search with https 13 referrer hiding edit most web servers maintain logs of all traffic and record the http referrer sent by the web browser for each request this raises a number of privacy concerns and as a result a number of systems to prevent web servers being sent the real referring url have been developed these systems work either by blanking the referrer field or by replacing it with inaccurate data generally internet security suites blank the referrer data while web based servers replace it with a false url usually their own this raises the problem of referrer spam the technical details of both methods are fairly consistent software applications act as a proxy server and manipulate the http request while web based methods load websites within frames causing the web browser to send a referrer url of their website address some web browsers give their users the option to turn off referrer fields in the request header 11 most web browsers do not send the referrer field when they are instructed to redirect using the refresh field this does not include some versions of opera and many mobile web browsers however this method of redirection is discouraged by the world wide web consortium w3c 14 if a website is accessed from a http secure https connection and a link points to anywhere except another secure location then the referrer field is not sent 10 the html5 standard added support for the attribute value rel noreferrer which instructs the user agent to not send a referrer 15 another referrer hiding method is to convert the original link url to a data uri scheme based url containing small html page with a meta refresh to the original url when the user is redirected from the data page the original referrer is hidden content security policy standard version 1 1 introduced a new referrer directive that allows more control over the browser s behaviour in regards to the referrer header specifically it allows the webmaster to instruct the browser not to block referrer at all reveal it only when moving with the same origin etc 16 references edit gourley david totty brian sayer marjorie aggarwal anshu reddy sailu 27 september 2002 http the definitive guide o reilly media inc isbn 9781565925090 1 2 does your website have a leak ico blog 2015 09 16 archived from the original on 2018 05 24 retrieved 2018 08 16 referrer policy default to strict origin when cross origin chrome platform status www chromestatus com retrieved 2021 03 23 lee dimi kerschbaumer christoph 22 march 2021 firefox 87 trims http referrers by default to protect user privacy mozilla security blog retrieved 2021 03 23 wilander john 2019 12 10 preventing tracking prevention tracking webkit blog hallam baker phillip 2000 09 21 re is al gore the father of the internet newsgroup alt folklore computers retrieved 2013 03 20 hallam baker phillip re referer sic w3c public mailing list archives archived from the original on 2024 02 19 retrieved 19 february 2024 berners lee t fielding r frystyk h may 1996 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 0 ietf doi 10 17487 rfc1945 rfc 1945 fielding roy 1995 03 09 re referer sic ietf http wg old mailing list retrieved 2013 03 20 1 2 fielding r reschke j june 2014 fielding r reschke j eds hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 semantics and content referrer rfc 7231 5 5 2 ietf sec 5 5 2 doi 10 17487 rfc7231 s2cid 14399078 rfc 7231 retrieved 2014 07 26 1 2 network http sendrefererheader mozillazine 2007 06 10 retrieved 2015 05 27 html dom document referrer property w3schools retrieved 2013 03 20 gundersen bret 2011 10 19 the impact of google encrypted search adobe digital marketing blog retrieved 2021 03 17 html techniques for web content accessibility guidelines 1 0 the meta element w3c 2000 11 06 retrieved 2013 03 20 4 12 links html living standard 4 12 5 8 link type noreferrer whatwg 2016 02 19 retrieved 2016 02 19 content security policy level 2 w3 2014 retrieved 2014 12 08 external links edit look up referer or referrer in wiktionary the free dictionary rfc 1945 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 0 rfc 7231 hypertext transfer protocol http 1 1 semantics and content rfc 3987 internationalized resource identifiers iris referrer policy w3c editor s draft retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title http_referer oldid 1374690272 categories uri schemes url hypertext transfer protocol headers nonstandard spelling hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from november 2024 this page was last edited on 13 september 2026 at 15 10 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents http referer 16 languages add topic