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us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 classification 2 distribution 3 phonology toggle phonology subsection 3 1 tones 4 notes 5 references toggle the table of contents hailu dialect 2 languages bikol central 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia hakka dialect of guangdong china not to be confused with haifeng dialect hailu dialect hoiliuk dialect 海陆腔 海陸腔 海陆客语 海陸客語 native to china taiwan and indonesia region shanwei guangdong hsinchu county hsinchu city taoyuan hualien county and miaoli county taiwan west kalimantan indonesia language family sinitic chinese hakka hailu dialect writing system chinese characters pha̍k fa sṳ hakka pinyin system official status official language in taiwan regulated by hakka affairs council language codes iso 639 3 glottolog hail1247 the hailu dialect simplified chinese 海陆腔 traditional chinese 海陸腔 pinyin hǎilù qiāng hailu hakka romanization system hoi liug kiong also known as the hoiluk dialect or hailu hakka simplified chinese 海陆客语 traditional chinese 海陸客語 pinyin hǎilù kèyǔ is a dialect of hakka chinese that originated in shanwei guangdong 1 it is also the second most common dialect of hakka spoken in taiwan 2 1 classification edit the first edition of the language atlas of china places the hakka dialects spoken in haifeng and lufeng 3 into the xin hui cluster 新惠小片 xīn huì xiǎopiàn of the yue tai subgroup 粤台片 粵臺片 yuè tái piàn of hakka 4 in the second edition it is given its own subgroup known as the hai lu subgroup 海陆片 海陸片 hǎi lù piàn separate from the yue tai subgroup 5 chang song hing and zhuang chusheng propose that it should be grouped as the hai lu cluster 海陆小片 海陸小片 hǎi lù xiǎopiàn of the mei shao subgroup 梅韶片 méi sháo piàn 6 distribution edit in china the hailu dialect is spoken in shanwei guangdong particularly in haifeng lufeng and luhe 1 5 as of 2012 there are around 1 18 million speakers of the dialect in these three areas 7 in taiwan it is spoken in hsinchu county xinfeng xinpu hukou qionglin hengshan guanxi beipu baoshan emei and zhudong hsinchu city xiangshan and xinfeng taoyuan mostly in guanyin xinwu and yangmei also pockets in pingzhen zhongli and longtan hualien county ji an shoufeng guangfu yuli ruisui and fenglin and miaoli county toufen sanwan nanzhuang xihu houlong zaoqiao tongxiao and tongluo 8 9 in 2013 41 5 of hakka people in taiwan were reported to be able to communicate in the hailu dialect 2 in indonesia a local variety of hakka that is loosely based on the hailu dialect is widely spoken in northern west kalimantan including singkawang sambas and pemangkat 10 phonology edit this section is missing information about initials and finals i e the consonant and vowel inventory please expand the section to include this information further details may exist on the talk page february 2026 tones edit the hailu dialect has seven lexical tones 11 12 tone name dark level 阴平 陰平 light level 阳平 陽平 rising 上声 上聲 dark departing 阴去 陰去 light departing 阳去 陽去 dark entering 阴入 陰入 light entering 阳入 陽入 example 夫 扶 府 富 护 護 福 服 tone letter hetian luhe 53 55 213 31 22 34 54 hsinchu 53 55 24 11 33 5 2 notes edit 1 2 3 teng 2015 p 1 1 2 hac 2013 p 2 including luhe which was carved out of lufeng in 1988 cass aah 1987 b15 1 2 xie huang 2012 p 117 chang zhuang 2008 p 410 wu zhan 2012 p 117 hac 2013 pp 73 78 hac 2018 huang 2008 pp 2 3 xie huang 2012 p 119 moe 2012 p 38 references edit chang song hing zhuang chusheng 2008 廣東方言的地理格局與自然地理及歷史地理的關係 geographical distribution of guangdong dialects their linkage with natural and historical geography pdf journal of chinese studies in chinese 48 407 422 chinese academy of social sciences australian academy of the humanities eds 1987 中国语言地图集 language atlas of china in chinese hong kong longman group far east isbn 0 582 99903 0 distribution and resurgence of the hakka language hakka affairs council 16 july 2018 retrieved 14 august 2019 huang hui chen 2008 印尼山口洋客家話研究 study of hakka in singkawang indonesia pdf master s thesis national central university retrieved 11 september 2019 teng shengyu 2015 word formation in chinese dialects a case study of hailu hakka chinese lexical semantics lecture notes in computer science vol 9332 pp 281 293 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 27194 1_29 isbn 978 3 319 27193 4 wu wei zhan bohui 2012 b2 1 广东省的汉语方言 中国语言地图集 language atlas of china in chinese vol 汉语方言卷 2nd ed beijing commercial press pp 160 165 isbn 978 7 100 07054 6 xie liuwen huang xuezhen 2012 b1 17 客家话 中国语言地图集 language atlas of china in chinese vol 汉语方言卷 2nd ed beijing commercial press pp 116 124 isbn 978 7 100 07054 6 101 102年度台灣客家民眾客語使用狀況 pdf in chinese hakka affairs council november 2013 retrieved 11 september 2019 客家語拼音方案使用手冊 usage manual for the hakka romanization system pdf in chinese ministry of education republic of china taiwan november 2012 retrieved 11 september 2019 v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e languages of china official standard chinese varieties of chinese danzhou mandarin northeastern beijing ji lu jiao liao zhongyuan lan yin jin southwestern sichuanese southeastern gan hakka hui mai min southern hokkien teoswa hainanese eastern puxian central northern shaojiang pinghua shaozhou tuhua shanke wu chu qu jiangshan qingtian quzhou oujiang taihu jinxiang northwestern changzhou hangzhou northern zhejiang ningbo shaoxing su jia hu shanghainese suzhou wuxi taizhou taizhou proper wuzhou jinhua xuanzhou xiang new old yue cantonese regional ars sars cantonese hk mc english hk mongolian nm portuguese mc tibetan xz uyghur xj zhuang gx prefecture hmong kam bouyei tujia korean qiang yi kyrgyz kazakh tai nüa tai lü zaiwa lisu bai hani zhuang counties banners numerous indigenous sino tibetan languages lolo burmese mondzish kathu maang manga mango maza mondzi muangphe burmish achang chashan lashi lhao vo pela xiandao zaiwa loloish hanoish akeu akha amu angluo asuo baihong bisu budu bukong cosao duoni duota enu habei hani honi jino kabie kaduo lami laomian laopin mpi muda nuobi nuomei phana piyo qidi sadu sangkong suobi tsukong woni yiche lisoish eka hlersu kua nsi kuamasi laizisi lalo lamu lavu lawu limi lipo lisu lolopo mangdi micha mili sonaga toloza xuzhang yangliu zibusi nisoish alingpo alugu aluo axi azha azhe bokha gepo khlula lope moji muji muzi nasu nisu nuosu phala phola phowa phukha phuma phupa phupha phuza samei sani thopho zokhuo other gokhy katso kucong lahu naruo namuyi naxi nusu samu sanie zauzou qiangic baima choyo ersu guiqiong horpa japhug khroskyabs laze lizu na muya namuyi naxi pumi northern qiang southern qiang shixing situ tshobdun zbu zhaba tibetic amdo baima basum central tibetan choni dao dongwang drugchu groma gserpa khalong khams kyirong ladakhi tseku zhongu zitsadegu other bai caijia derung jingpo longjia nung tujia waxianghua other languages austroasiatic auva avala bit blang bolyu bugan bumang hu kuan mang man met muak sa aak palaung riang u va northern southern wa hmong mien hmongic a hmao bu nao gejia guiyang hm nai hmong hmu huishui kiong nai luobohe mashan pa hng pa na pingtang qo xiong raojia sanqiao sheyu small flowery xixiu younuo mienic biao min dzao min iu mien kim mun mongolic bonan buryat daur eastern yugur kangjia khamnigan monguor oirat ordos santa torgut kra dai zhuang bouyei dai min ningming nong tai dam tai dón tai hongjin tai lü tai nüa tai ya yang yei other ai cham biao buyang cao miao chadong cun gelao hlai jiamao kam lakkja mak maonan mulam naxi yao ong be paha qabiao sui then tungusic evenki manchu nanai oroqen xibe turkic äynu fuyu kyrgyz ili turki salar western yugur other sarikoli indo european tsat austronesian formosan languages austronesian minority kazakh korean kyrgyz russian esperanto tatar tuvan uzbek vietnamese kinh wakhi creole mixed e hezhou lingling macanese maojia qoqmončaq tangwang wutun extinct ba shu jie khitan old yue rouran saka tangut tocharian tuoba tuyuhun xianbei zhangzhung sign chinese sign hong kong sign tibetan sign gx guangxi hk hong kong mc macau nm inner mongolia xj xinjiang xz tibet v t e languages of taiwan austronesian formosan atayalic atayal seediq truku rukaic rukai northern babuza favorlang taokas papora hoanya arikun lloa pazeh kaxabu kulon saisiyat thao east amis kavalan ketagalan basay luilang makatao qauqaut sakizaya siraya taivoan southern bunun paiwan puyuma tsouic kanakanavu saaroa tsou malayo polynesian batanic yami sino tibetan sinitic mandarin taiwanese mandarin junhua min southern taiwanese hokkien teochew min eastern fuzhounese matsu dialect pu xian putian dialect wuqiu dialect hakka taiwanese hakka sixian hailu dabu raoping zhao an japonic sign taiwan sign language auxiliary taiwanese braille other languages english cantonese wu shanghainese filipino japanese korean malay malaysian indonesian thai vietnamese yilan creole japanese v t e chinese language varieties mandarin beijing lingua franca of modern chinese standard forms standard chinese internal differences old national pronunciation regional accents and varieties guangdong zh majie zh liuzhou zh sichuan taiwan central taiwan zh singapore malaysia zh singapore malaysia kluang zh beijing females zh jingcheng beijing huaicheng chaofeng northeastern changchun harbin shenyang taz jilu tianjin jinan jiaoliao dalian qingdao weihai central plains dongping gangou guanzhong xi an luoyang xuzhou dungan southwestern sichuanese chengdu chongqing minjiang leshan renshou fushun zh zigong kunming nanping wuhan gui liu wuming jianghuai nanjing nantong nanping yangzhou zh lanyin lanzhou dialect zh ürümqi dialect zh other junjia yangyu gyami jin zhangjiakou hohhot zhi yan wu taihu northern sujiahu shanghai urban shanghai shadi suzhou kunshan wuxi tiaoxi huzhou piling changzhou jiangyin linshao shaoxing yongjiang ningbo hangzhou jinxiang taizhou taizhou tiantai oujiang wenzhou rui an wencheng wuzhou jinhua yongkang chu qu quzhou jiangshan qingtian xuanzhou xuancheng hui ji she zh xiu yi zh qi de zh yanzhou zh jing zhan zh gan chang du nanchang yi liu ying yi da tong xiang changyi changsha loushao shuangfeng xiangxiang wugang ji xu yong quan qiyang min eastern houguan zh fuzhou fuqing changle gutian matsu fu ning zh ningde fu an other manjiang zhongshan longdu nanlang pu xian putian xianyou southern hokkien quanzhou zhangzhou amoy chawan taiwan philippines penang medan southern malaysia singapore teochew swatow haklau pontianak other zhongshan sanxiang zhenan longyan leizhou zhanjiang hainan wenchang haikou banqiao inland northern jian ou jianyang central shao jiang hakka huiyang zh changting meixian tingzhou wuhua taiwan sixian hailu raoping pontianak singkawang yue yuehai cantonese hong kong malaysia xiguan jiujiang shiqi weitou dapeng yunfu siyi taishan xinhui goulou yulin bobai yunan other gao yang wu hua yong xun qin lian luo guang pinghua northern pinghua tongdao younian southern pinghua yongjiang guandao rongjiang unclassified tuhua shaozhou xiangnan yeheni danzhou dong shanke waxiang huizhou guangdong mai laobeizi history phonology and grammar history proto sino tibetan old chinese eastern han middle chinese old mandarin middle mandarin proto min proto hakka ba shu gan standard chinese phonology historical old old national cantonese hokkien northern wu mandarin literary and colloquial readings grammar numerals classifiers honorifics cantonese grammar classical grammar idioms chengyu xiehouyu written chinese and input methods literary forms official classical adoption in japan in vietnam vernacular written cantonese written dungan written hokkien written sichuanese scripts logographic script styles oracle bone bronze seal clerical semi cursive cursive chinese characters simplified traditional punctuation braille cantonese mainland chinese taiwanese two cell phonetic romanization gwoyeu romatzyh hanyu pinyin mps ii postal tongyong pinyin wade giles efeo lessing othmer yale cyrillization dungan cyrillic bopomofo cantonese bopomofo taiwanese phonetic symbols taiwanese kana taiwanese hangul xiao erjing nüshu input methods logographic biaoxingma boshiamy zh cangjie simplified ckc dayi stroke count wubi wang ma zhengma q9 pinyin google sogou list of varieties of chinese sinitic languages retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title hailu_dialect oldid 1369578351 categories hakka chinese shanwei hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing chinese language text language articles without speaker estimate dialects of languages with iso 639 3 code languages without iso 639 3 code but with glottolog code articles containing simplified chinese language text articles containing traditional chinese language text articles to be expanded from february 2026 pages with plain ipa cs1 uses chinese language script zh cs1 chinese language sources zh cs1 long volume value this page was last edited on 15 august 2026 at 21 11 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of 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