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harvard college observatory wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 publications 3 directors 4 see also 5 references 6 further reading 7 external links toggle the table of contents harvard college observatory 32 languages العربية مصرى беларуская বাংলা català čeština deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español فارسی français עברית հայերեն italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 lëtzebuergesch मराठी nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português русский svenska türkçe українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 42 22 53 n 71 07 42 w 42 3815 n 71 1284 w 42 3815 71 1284 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia astronomical observatory in cambridge massachusetts united states hco bulletin redirects here for the scientology publication see hubbard communications office bulletin observatory harvard college observatory harvard college observatory circa 1899 alternative names hco organization harvard university observatory code 802 location cambridge massachusetts us coordinates 42 22 53 n 71 07 42 w 42 3815 n 71 1284 w 42 3815 71 1284 altitude 24 m 79 ft established 1839 website www cfa harvard edu hco telescopes harvard great refractor related media on commons edit on wikidata the harvard college observatory hco is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the harvard university department of astronomy it is located in cambridge massachusetts united states and was founded in 1839 with the smithsonian astrophysical observatory it forms part of the center for astrophysics harvard smithsonian hco houses the harvard plate stacks a collection of approximately 600 000 astronomical plates taken between the mid 1880s and 1989 with a gap from 1953 1968 1 this 100 year coverage is a unique resource for studying temporal variations in the universe the digital access to a sky century harvard project scanned and 429 274 direct image plates leaving nearly 200 000 spectra and other photographic plates yet to be digitized 2 in 2024 a new database starglass was created to combine the scientific data from the plates with the plate stack s archival holdings history edit sketch of harvard s great refractor telescope in 1839 the harvard corporation voted to appoint william cranch bond a prominent boston clockmaker as astronomical observer to the university at no salary this marked the founding of the harvard college observatory hco s first telescope the 15 inch great refractor was installed in 1847 3 that telescope was the largest in the united states from installation until 1867 4 between 1847 and 1852 bond and pioneer photographer john adams whipple used the great refractor telescope to produce images of the moon that are remarkable in their clarity of detail and aesthetic power this was the largest telescope in north america at that time and their images of the moon took the prize for technical excellence in photography at the 1851 great exhibition at the crystal palace in london on the night of july 16 17 1850 whipple and bond made the first daguerreotype of a star vega harvard college observatory is historically important to astronomy as many women including annie jump cannon henrietta swan leavitt cecilia payne gaposchkin williamina fleming and florence cushman performed pivotal stellar classification research cannon leavitt and cushman were hired initially as computers to perform calculations and examine stellar photographs but later made insightful connections in their research 5 publications edit from 1898 to 1926 a series of bulletin s were issued containing many of the major discoveries of the period these were then replaced by announcement card s which continued to be issued until 1952 in 1908 the observatory published the harvard revised photometry catalogue which gave rise to the hr star catalogue now maintained by the yale university observatory as the bright star catalogue directors edit william cranch bond 1839 1859 george phillips bond 1859 1865 joseph winlock 1866 1875 edward charles pickering 1877 1919 solon irving bailey 1919 1921 acting director harlow shapley 1921 1952 donald h menzel 1952 1953 acting director 1954 1966 director leo goldberg 1966 1970 fred whipple 1955 1973 george b field 1973 1982 founding director of the center for astrophysics harvard smithsonian irwin shapiro 1983 2004 6 charles alcock 2004 2022 6 lisa kewley 2022 present 7 see also edit harvard computers sears tower harvard observatory the minor planet center credits many asteroid discoveries to harvard observatory see list of largest optical refracting telescopes for other great refractors references edit hco astronomical plate stacks retrieved 2008 11 25 digital access to a sky century at harvard dasch retrieved 2014 07 14 the great refractor retrieved 2008 11 25 drout maria 12 november 2012 a big step backward for time domain astronomy astrobites retrieved 16 december 2014 reaching for the stars archived from the original on 2008 05 17 retrieved 2008 11 25 1 2 directors of hco astronomy fas harvard edu lisa kewley named director of the center for astrophysics harvard smithsonian 2022 03 14 retrieved 2022 08 16 further reading edit dava sobel 2016 the glass universe how the ladies of the harvard observatory took the measure of the stars viking isbn 978 0670016952 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to harvard college observatory wikisource has the text of the 1921 collier s encyclopedia article harvard observatory hco home page center for astrophysics harvard smithsonian harvard college observatory bulletins harvard college announcement cards v t e harvard university history john harvard statue president alan garber board of overseers president and fellows provost john manning library arts and sciences dean hopi hoekstra college dean david deming radcliffe college freshman dormitories upperclass houses adams cabot currier dudley dunster eliot kirkland leverett lowell mather pforzheimer quincy winthrop undergraduate organizations hasty pudding theatricals the harvard advocate the harvard crimson the harvard independent the harvard lampoon continuing education dean nancy coleman extension school extension school history summer school engineering and applied sciences dean david c parkes lyman laboratory of physics graduate school dean emma dench libraries cabot harvard yenching houghton harvard review lamont pusey widener harry elkins widener eleanor elkins widener grossman centers institutes and societies asia center center for african and african american research du bois institute center for astrophysics center for chinese studies center for european studies center for visual arts center for hellenic studies dumbarton oaks harvard forest rowland institute ukrainian research institute business dean srikant datar baker library bloomberg center harvard business publishing harvard business review harvard business school rfc spangler center design dean sarah whiting harvard design magazine center for housing studies divinity dean david n hempton education dean bridget terry long government dean jeremy m weinstein ash center belfer center carr center center for american political studies center for ethics center for housing studies center for nonprofit organizations center for public leadership institute of politics rappaport institute shorenstein center the journalist s resource law dean john f manning berkman klein center civil rights civil liberties law review international law journal journal of law technology journal on legislation law record law review medicine dean george q daley broad institute medical library anatomical museum program in health sciences school of dental medicine public health dean andrea baccarelli museums and arboretum arnold arboretum harvard art museums archaeology and ethnology museum busch reisinger museum fogg museum sackler museum collection of scientific instruments glass flowers mineralogical museum general artemas ward house natural history museum comparative zoology museum herbaria museum of the ancient near east cambridge campus boylston hall bradley memorial discobolus gates of harvard yard graduate center harvard hall memorial church choir harvard yard massachusetts hall memorial hall night wall i peabody terrace president s house science center smith campus center university hall centers and institutes harvard innovation labs computing center harvard radcliffe institute schlesinger library institute for advanced theater training nieman foundation for journalism real colegio complutense villa i tatti bussey institution wyss institute kempner institute people list of harvard university people non graduate alumni athletics teams baseball men s basketball women s basketball fencing football men s ice hockey women s ice hockey men s lacrosse men s rugby women s rugby men s soccer women s soccer men s squash men s volleyball women s volleyball venues bright landry hockey center harvard stadium jordan field lavietes pavilion ohiri field malkin athletic center newell boathouse weld boathouse rivalries cornell hockey yale football miscellaneous anti vietnam war protests alma mater commencement traditions academic regalia islamic studies and muslim environment graduate students union heraldry tercentenary celebration harvard magazine harvard university press lionel de jersey harvard math 55 society of fellows university professor harvard adam dziewonski observatory excellence without a soul category commons portals astronomy stars spaceflight outer space solar system education science authority control databases international isni viaf gnd national united states france bnf data czech republic norway poland israel academics cinii other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title harvard_college_observatory oldid 1356672281 categories buildings and structures in cambridge massachusetts astronomical observatories in massachusetts astronomy institutes and departments harvard smithsonian center for astrophysics minor planet discovering observatories hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use american english from august 2025 all wikipedia articles written in american english pages using gadget wikiminiatlas short description matches wikidata coordinates on wikidata pages using infobox mapframe without shape links in wikidata articles with infoboxes completely from wikidata commons category link from wikidata pages using the kartographer extension this page was last edited on 29 may 2026 at 03 57 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents harvard college observatory 32 languages add topic