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is reason it could perhaps be concluded that de la colombière was right in claiming the title of the inventor of the hatching system and accusing petra sancta of copying his method and incorrectly publishing it in his 1638 work tesserae gentilitiae rome 1638 one year before the same hatching system was published by de la colombière recueil de plusieurs pièces et figures d armoiries paris 1639 however the earlier book of petra sancta from 1634 had a hatching table as well on page 37 of his title la science heroїque 1644 colombière maintains that petra sancta simply copied his system without any changes de la colombière also mentions the book publishers and copperplate engravers as the users of the hatching system 1 ottfried neubecker maintains that the hatching system in heraldry was invented by de la colombière and not petra sancta who only popularized the system through his second treatise titled tesserae gentilitiae published in 1638 2 better source needed on the other hand it is also true that silvester petra sancta provided though preliminary comprehensive studies on his heraldic work in germany and the netherlands and that it is very likely that he was acquainted with the idea of hatching and the earlier existing hatching methods from the dutch engravers before he developed his own hatching system he was the confessor of the cardinal pier luigi carafa 1581 1655 between 1624 and 1634 petra sancta stayed with his lord in cologne where he fought against the rising protestantism through his sermons and religious discussions including through two of his emblematic books published in 1634 and 1638 respectively later he settled down in rome and published his famous treatise on heraldry there but during the late 1620s and the early 1630s he stayed in the spanish low countries and the neighbouring territories in 1634 he published his first book touching the topic of heraldry containing a hatching table and his main heraldic work with a coherent hatching system was published in 1638 in rome contribution of engravers to development edit according to the data from the plantin moretus archive the emblems in petra sancta s 1634 book were initially prepared by artist engravers in the service of the jesuit monks and then redone by andré pauwels andries pauli 1600 1639 between december 1631 and june 1634 for balthasar moretus 1574 1641 the allegorical title page of this book was prepared by rubens petra sancta s 1638 book was published by francesco corbelletti in rome the woodcuts from one of corbelletti s publications giovanni antonio brandi cronologia de sommi pontefici rome francesco corbelletti 1627 are good examples of stripping applied for screening one of the woodcuts no 152 in the book even shows a kind of a screening with hatching moreover the arms on the title page of one of corbelletti s 1639 la perfettione del cavallo francesco liberati rome per gli heredi di francesco corbelletti already use a complete example of heraldic hatching that means corbelletti adopted the heraldic hatching system in the very next year after petra sancta s 1638 system if we consider the time needed to prepare the engravings and the approval by the censure corbelletti must have known petra sancta s system even before 1638 thus it is obvious that petra sancta got the model for his system from the illustrators and publishers of his books in the low countries it is possible that these engravers also knew at least two earlier hatching systems zangrius in 1600 and francquart s in 1623 the techniques might have even been carried forward by the guilds of engravers one after another certainly petra sancta must have at least held consultations with the engravers who were preparing illustrations for his books to explain his concept or to develop a coherent method to designate tinctures by mutual agreement designation of tinctures by hatching requires copperplate engravings as the tiny areas in the escutcheons need lines more closely spaced than woodcuts can produce and copperplate engraving was the most developed form of hatching in the low countries especially in antwerp while until the 1630s it was almost unknown in some other countries including paris so heraldic hatching was developed as a result of the cooperation between heraldists and copperplate engravers and artists other systems edit comparison of hatching systems published by oszkár bárczay in budapest 1897 n b pegoing is a typographical error for segoing colors in hungarian gold silver red blue green black purple iron hatching table of thomas de rouck 1645 the french heraldist imbert de la phalecque and his italian counterpart goffredo di crollanza claimed that the work of philippe de l espinoy was the first one that adopted the hatching system applied in the blazon his two volume book was published in douai in 1631 and in 1632 respectively a facsimile of l espinoy s book titled recherche des antiquités et noblesse de flandre was published in 1972 this city now in france was then part of flanders the illustrations in this book include 1 121 escutcheons standards and seals of armorial bearings on wood besides 58 copperplate illustrations that at first sight appear to have hatchings if one however compares these hatchings with the descriptions then one finds out that there isn t any system in it at all for instance gules is alternately indicated by horizontal or vertical or diagonal lines or is left blank it seems l espinoy considered lines and dots merely as a sort of artistic additions which he put in at random there is no hatching table at all most other known hatching systems also originated in the low countries the tiny hatching table of the above mentioned jacob franquart to be found in his pompa funebris alberti pii austriaci 1623 was the earliest hatching method after zangrius the cistercian abbot from antwerp and historian and genealogist christophe butkens also developed his own system but it was used by him in an inconsequent way which led to the misunderstandings and the resultant sudden disappearance of this system the hatching table of thomas de rouck was radically different from that of zangrius aegidius gelenius was one of the most respected cologne historians of his time he developed a late hatching system but it did not gain popularity gelenius was deeply influenced by petra sancta and both the men met personally several times in cologne gelenius also studied the coats of arms and antiquities of the rhenish nobility in the territory neighboring the low countries however gelenius hatching system is identical only at two points with petra sancta indicating that he consciously tried to develop an independent system but failed to make a serious cut or it can also indicate that petra sancta s system was not yet fully developed when they met in cologne if this is true it makes certain the primacy of de la colombière as the inventor of the hatching system hatching table of charles segoing 1660 edition hatching table of filippo bonanni 1711 3 the last hatching method was developed by charles segoing a french heraldist and royal historian in 1654 armorial universel contenant les armes des principales maisons de l europe paris 1654 his system is similar to the method of petra sancta on the table x of his work otto titan von hefner published still another system of hatching from 1639 attributed to lobkowitz on page 49 footnote 4 hefner names his source as rietstap s handboek der wapenkunde p 96 his book titled philippus prudens contains as many as 27 engraved portraits of the portuguese kings among them several with hatched coat of arms but there is no hatching table at all however in his earlier book from 1636 we can really find a hatching table one of the book censors was christophe butkens in 1632 lobkowitz was sent to the low countries where he became a renowned preacher and missionary his first book steganographia ars orthographia was published in 1636 in brussels when he was a professor at the leuven university the same city where jan baptist zangrius was also active here lobkowitz published a major work titled theologia moralis ad prima eaque clarissima principia reducta printed by perus zangrius lovanii typis ac sumptibus petrus zangrius 1645 his book titled philippus prudens containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by balthasar moretus in antwerp the coats of arms were engraved by cornelis galle the younger after the drawings of erasmus quellinus the younger antwerp 1607 antwerp 1678 a flemish baroque painter and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by jacob neefs antwerp june 3 1610 1660 also after a design by erasmus quellinus the younger christoffel plantin 1520 1589 grandfather of balthasar moretus set up his printing shop called de gulden passer golden compasses in antwerp in 1555 publishing both catholic and protestant literature this frenchman who fled his native country to antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s was the best known printer of his time moretus was also a close friend to rubens who made several illustrations for the company s publications this company also published a work by justus lipsius in 1604 using the same portrait of lipsius that was engraved by zangrius in 1601 zangrius had also some parisian connections the parisian book society knew several representatives of a number of leading engravers originating from the netherlands for instance the famous jodocus badius 1462 1535 from asse and the not so famous johannes lodoicus tiletanus 1566 1581 from tielt he started off as a corrector at badius married the sister in law of badius daughter madeleine and became an uncle to petrus zangrius in 1711 filippo bonanni published another hatching system which has distinct hatching for the tincture argent and the color white his marking of the tincture or is a slightly different as well additional tinctures edit out of these systems otto titan von hefner published some further hatching methods at table x of his above cited book presenting hatching methods for some additional tinctures as well some additional tinctures had already appeared in the theory of heraldry in the early 15th century which were then soon applied in practice the german jurist and heraldist eucharius gottlieb rink 1670 1746 introduced hatching for the gray eisen iron and proper naturfarbe these hatchings natürlichen farbe eisenfarbe were presented by gatterer as well he maintained that the first one is needless but the second one has its own importance because he had noticed himself that old armorials produced by heralds at least in germany also made a difference between iron colour eisenfarbe and the white colour weisse farbe when they omit the term argent he also recommended to study the work by johann david köhler titled programma de auctoribus incisurarum to learn about the origin of hatchings 4 the german heraldist christian samuel theodor bernd 1775 1854 introduced hatching for some other tinctures such as umbra sienne earth color rotgelb yellow red orange stahlblau steel blue and blutfarbe sanguine citation needed besides the traditional metals or gold and argent silver some other metals like copper lead bronze etc also emerged over the years hatching for iron ferro and steel acciaio were introduced by two italian heraldists guelfi camaini and goffredo di crollanza but these were rarely used citation needed the heraldic furs ermine vair do not need a special hatching method as they have a special pattern that is easily recognizable even on the uncoloured illustrations nevertheless there existed two heraldic furs that had their own hatchings also there are in use mainly in the czech heraldic literature furs like zibeline and marten the colour and hatching for zibeline is the same as the sable black tincture and the colour and hatching of marten is identical with the gules red tincture so in some countries these tinctures are also held as furs mainly in the czech heraldic traditions but not in real use and sometimes also in the german heraldry which is also not in real use today citation needed zibeline in german zobelfell in czech sobol and in hungarian coboly was already used in the ancient times of heraldry citation needed some minnesängers applied the word zobelfell for the black tincture and the arms of the count von zollern also contained zibeline zobelfell the colour and hatching of marten in german marderfell in czech kunina and in hungarian nyest is identical with the red gules tincture citation needed the origin of the word gules is from the medieval latin word gula which means the mouth of a carnivorous animal and in some cases the goules are made of the marten fur one text says goules de martre maybe its reddish tint came to the heraldry from the fur of pine marten citation needed in the poem of konrad von würzburg we can read kelen rôt line 985 transformed into modern german as pelzrot furthermore we can read there phrases like vîz hermelin 405 which is hermelinweiß and zobel 400 as well though the webster s dictionary defines the meaning of pine as a white yellowish timber and the cambridge international dictionary defines it as a timber usually pale in colour no source including heraldry textbooks mentions it in connection with heraldry fig 36 from fox davies complete guide to heraldry 1909 extended hatching scheme used in continental heraldry a brown b blood red c earth colour d iron grey e water colour f flesh colour g ashen grey h orange and i colour of nature other modern usages edit this section s use of external links may not follow wikipedia s policies or guidelines please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references march 2026 learn how and when to remove this message austrian 2 coin with hatched flag at lower left the austrian flag appears engraved on the austrian euro coins with vertical hatching used to indicate the red stripes and no hatching for the white stripe 5 6 the basic petra sancta system was adopted in the modern world by industrial engineers as a standard system of colors and hatch patterns for use in planning factories and material handling systems 7 the representative glyphs in the unicode charts use hatching on characters whose color is essential to the character s identity such as the twelve colored heart emoji in the miscellaneous symbols and pictographs supplemental symbols and pictographs and symbols and pictographs extended a ranges heraldic metal or u 1f49b yellow heart in the unicode reference google s emoji mistakenly representing the yellow heart as hairy unicode 6 0 used black and white references therefore it represented yellow and other colors with the hatching pattern of heraldic or when developing the yellow heart emoji google misinterpreted the dots in unicode s reference images and displayed this emoji as a pink hairy heart starting from version 4 4 kitkat this error was fixed in version 4 4 1 a few...