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heiau wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 architecture 2 heiau types 3 preserved sites 4 destruction 5 list 6 see also 7 references 8 further reading toggle the table of contents heiau 7 languages afrikaans español français 日本語 türkçe 閩南語 bân lâm gí 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia hawaiian temple hale o pi ilani heiau near hāna on maui pu u o mahuka heiau heiau mānoa heritage center honolulu hawaii 2022 1025 an illustration of a heiau at kealakekua bay at the time of james cook s third voyage by william ellis a heiau ˈ h eɪ aʊ hay ow hawaiian hejˈjɐw is a hawaiian temple made in different architectural styles depending upon their purpose and location they range from simple earth terraces to elaborately constructed stone platforms there are heiau to treat the sick heiau hō ʻ ola offer first fruits offer first catch start rain stop rain increase the population ensure the health of the nation achieve success in distant voyaging reach peace and achieve success in war luakini only the luakini was dedicated through human sacrifice 1 there are two types of luakini they were called the ʻ ohi ʻ a ko and haku ʻ ohi ʻ a 2 after the official end of hawaiian religion in 1819 and with later pressure from christian missionaries who first arrived in 1820 many were deliberately destroyed while others were left into disrepair heiau are still considered sacred by many of the inhabitants of hawaii and some are not open to the public in ancient times only chiefs and priests were allowed into some of these heiau there are even stories from hawaiian folklore attributing the creation of these temples to the menehunes a group of legendary dwarf people 3 some heiau structures have been fully restored physically and are operated in the 21st century as public attractions the ruins of mo okini heiau on big island architecture edit heiau were made in different shapes depending upon their purpose varying from simple stone markers to large stone platforms and often included high stacked stone walls surrounding an open central enclosure 4 their shapes could be rectangular square or rounded 5 some consisted of simple earth terraces while others were elaborately constructed stone platforms they could be placed on hills cliffs level earth valleys and on the coastline touching the sea 5 some ko ʻ a or fishing shrines were built underwater heiau of the people varied in size large heiau were built by prominent people while small heiau were built by the humble 6 us missionary hiram bingham described a heiau he saw on route hiking between the summits of mauna kea and hualalai made of piled lava rock it was a square of 100 feet 30 m with walls eight feet high and four feet thick 2 5 by 1 3m a doorway led through the middle of the north wall eight pyramids surrounded the outside of the temple made also of piled lava rock they were 12 feet 3 7 m in diameter and 12 to 15 feet 4 6 m high 7 heiau types edit the luakini po ʻ okanaka were large heiaus only the ali ʻ i nui of an island or moku could use this type of heiau other chiefs or the maka ʻ ainana that built this type of heiau were considered rebels this type of heiau was usually built alongside coastlines in the interior of the land or on mountain sides 2 the largest heiau on oahu is pu ʻ u o mahuka which covers almost two acres of land this heiau was not only used for religious purposes it was also used to track fire signals from the wailua complex of heiaus on kauai 8 an older form of heiau is preserved on nīhoa and necker island this form is typically referred to as marae as these structures more closely resemble structures referred to by similar names elsewhere in polynesia and in general were replaced by the more common form visible in the rest of the island chain today after the abandonment of those islands 9 in general maraes in hawaii are represented by stone platforms sometimes tiered with stone uprights typically located near the edges of the platform or tier 10 preserved sites edit the heiau most commonly preserved are war temples of the later period of history e g pu ukohola heiau national historic site they are composed of large stone platforms with various structures built upon them the structures were used to house priests sacred ceremonial drums sacred items and cult images kiʻi representing the gods associated with that particular temple there were also altars ahu on which to offer sacrifices plant animal and human the heiau were sacred places only the kahuna priests and certain sacred ali i high chiefs were allowed to enter the largest heiau known to exist hale o pi ilani heiau is a massive three acre 12 000 square meter platform with fifty foot retaining walls located in hāna on maui built for pi ilani it dates to the 13th century 11 agricultural heiau called generally hale o lono for the god of fertility can be found today on o ʻ ahu at makaha kaneaki heiau fully restored and in hawaii kai pahua heiau partially restored the kaneaki heiau was built in the 17th century containing grass and thatched huts that were chambers used for prayer and meditation 12 the ruins of a healing heiau keaiwa the mysterious are located at the entrance to keaiwa state park in ʻ aiea 13 pu ʻ uhonua o honaunau in south kona on the island of hawai ʻ i is a place of refuge it incorporates a heiau complex within it because the land of heiau was sacred it was not unusual for successive generations to add to original structures and the heiau purpose could change over time an example is ulupo heiau in kailua on o ʻ ahu which is said to have been built by the menehune that is a long time ago it is thought to have been used first as an agricultural heiau and later as a luakini 14 destruction edit the kapu or ʻ ai kapu system was abolished in october 1819 by kamehameha ii liholiho why the abolition of the kapu system ended the use of heiau as places of worship and sacrifice a period referred to as the ai noa or free eating followed missionaries arrived in 1820 and most of the aliʻi converted to christianity including kaʻahumanu and keōpūolani it took 11 years for kaʻahumanu to proclaim laws against indigenous religious practices all heiau were officially abandoned most were destroyed over the years often they were broken up and plowed under to make way for fields of sugar cane however some of the families who were responsible for the heiau have continued the tradition of caring for them list edit heiau on necker island mokumanamana northwestern hawaiian islands hawaii ʻahuʻena heiau hale o kapuni heiau mailekini heiau moʻokini heiau pakaʻalana heiau puʻukoholā heiau maui hale o piʻilani heiau haleki i pihana heiau state monument loaloa heiau molokai ili ili ōpae heiau oahu hale o papa mother earth heiau in halawa hoʻolonopahu heiau kaneʻaki heiau pahua heiau pahukini heiau 15 keaiwa heiau puʻu o mahuka heiau ulupo heiau kauai wailua river state park kaulu paoa hula heiau kaulu o laka hula heiau niihau kaunupou heiau kaunuapua heiau kauwaha heiau pahau heiau pueo heiau puhi ula heiau see also edit marae dap ay references edit kamakau samuel the works of the people of old pp 129 134 1 2 samuel kamakau ka poe kahiko the people of old honolulu bishop museum press 1993 130 thrum thomas 1907 hawaiian folk tales a c mcclurg pp 34 37 kirch patrick vinton 1985 feathered gods and fishhooks an introduction to hawaiian archaeology and prehistory honolulu university of hawaii press isbn 0 8248 0981 5 oclc 11841243 1 2 kamakau p 135 samuel kamakau ka poe kahiko the people of old honolulu bishop museum press 1993 131 bingham hiram a residence 21 years in the sandwich islands tuttle 1981 p 397 pu u o mahuka heiau state historic site department of land and natural resources n d retrieved on 13 november 2012 kirch patrick vinton 2019 heiau ʻaina lani the hawaiian temple system in ancient kahikinui and kaupō maui c l n ruggles andrew b smith honolulu isbn 978 0 8248 7942 6 oclc 1099790638 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link emory kenneth p 2002 archaeology of nīhoa and necker islands honolulu bishop museum press isbn 1 56647 565 1 oclc 50920432 engledow jill may 2009 a heiau in the garden native soul the culture and aloha of maui hawaii vol 13 no 3 maui no ka oi magazine archived from the original on 2009 08 31 retrieved 2009 08 17 kaneaki heiau oahu hawaii web n d retrieved on 13 november 2012 parks oahu keaiwa heiau state recreation area hawaii state parks retrieved 2009 09 27 parks oahu ulupo heiau state historic site hawaii state parks retrieved 2009 09 27 fawcett denby 2019 11 26 rescuing a 12th century heiau from a garbage dump honolulu civil beat retrieved 2021 10 02 further reading edit wikimedia commons has media related to heiau pukui mary kawena samuel hoyt elbert 1986 1957 hawaiian dictionary revised ed honolulu university of hawaii press isbn 0 8248 0703 0 isabella aiona abbott 1992 lāʻau hawaiʻi traditional hawaiian uses of plants honolulu bishop museum press isbn 0 930897 62 5 te rangi hīroa 1957 religion arts and crafts of hawaii no 45 vol xi honolulu bishop museum press isbn 0 910240 34 5 cite book isbn date incompatibility help retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title heiau oldid 1369121100 categories heiau hawaiian religion hawaiiana hawaiian words and phrases austronesian spirituality infrastructure building types buildings and structures by type urban studies and planning terminology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages with hawaiian ipa cs1 maint location missing publisher wikipedia articles needing clarification from may 2018 commons category link from wikidata cs1 errors isbn date this page was last edited on 13 august 2026 at 01 35 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents heiau 7 languages add topic